猴耳环研究进展

目的为深入研究猴耳环提供参考。方法通过查阅并分析近年来相关文献,对猴耳环的研究进展进行综述。结果猴耳环含有黄烷类、黄酮类成分等多种化学成分,具有抗菌消炎作用,功能清热解毒、凉血消肿、去湿敛疮等。结论猴耳环具有广阔的开发前景,应加强其化学成分、药理作用和临床应用研究,进一步对其制剂进行开发。     

实验室饲养的恒河猴及戴帽猴的麻疹抗体

作者用麻疹病毒Edmonston株,以Katz-Enders改良法检查实验室饲养的恒河猴及戴帽猴血清中的麻疹血凝抑制抗体。结果发现恒河猴67/80份(83.75％)标本阳性,大多数阳性标本的平均几何滴度达1:32～256。该结果说明被检恒河猴受麻疹病毒感染的百     

猴耳环质量标准研究

目的：完善猴耳环药材的质量标准。方法：采用TLC对猴耳环药材进行定性鉴别；采用HPLC法测定本品中槲皮苷的含量。结果：在TLC色谱中可检出猴耳环的特征斑点；平均回收率为99．6％，RSD为1．6％（n=5）。结论：所建方法专属性强，定量方法简便、准确，可用于猴耳环药材的质量控制。     

感染食蟹猴疟原虫的恒河猴口服咯萘啶的疗效观察

磷酸咯萘啶治疗抗氯喹恶性疟及间日疟均有疗效。动物实验表明,鼠疟P.berghei对咯萘啶很敏感。用相同剂量的咯萘啶或氯喹给感染P.cynomolgi的恒河猴作肌注或静脉滴注,咯萘啶使原虫转阴的时间比氯喹稍短,复燃时间则比氯喹稍长。本文报告用咯萘啶灌胃治疗经输血感染P.cynomolgi的恒河猴的实验结果。     

猴菇菌片

本品为多孔菌目凿菌科猴头[Hericium crinaceus (Bullexfr) Pers]菌培养物的浸膏片,是一种最新创制的治疗消化道恶性肿瘤和溃疡的中成药新产品。【作用特点】本品含多糖、多肽类物质,可增强胃粘膜屏障机能,从而促进溃疡愈合、炎症消退的作用;原药材猴菇菌固体培养物浸膏,具有抗革兰氏阳性细菌和小鼠肉瘤-     

猴菇菌片

处方本品为真菌类多孔菌目齿菌科猴头[Her- iciumerinaceus(Bullex Fr)pers]菌的培养产物。制法取整理后的猴头菌培养产物水煎2次,每次2小时,药汁滤过,浓缩至比重1.04(热测),沉淀24小时,滤过,滤液再浓缩至比重1.30(热测),得     

恒河猴或人-恒河猴重组轮状病毒疫苗的现场研究

多次试验已证明,恒河猴轮状病毒疫苗(RR,3型VP7)具有良好的免疫原性且反应轻微,它不仅可预防同型轮状病毒感染,而且对异型轮状病毒感染也有预防作用。本     

知了猴不能吃太多

知了猴实名金蝉,金蝉素有“唐僧肉”的美誉,食用和药用价值非常高,还可以益精壮阳,具有极高的药膳营养价值。金蝉的药膳营养价值非常高,有研究表明：刚出土的知了猴含蛋白质58．58％,是瘦牛肉的3．5倍,瘦猪肉的4．3倍,羊肉的3.8倍,鸡肉牛肉的3倍,鲤鱼的4倍,鸡蛋的6倍。而金蝉脂肪含量只有10．23％,是难得的高蛋白低脂天然无公害高级营养品。     

伯氏鼠疟原虫(Plasmodium berghei)对咯萘啶抗药性的研究

用本所传代已二十余年、对药物敏感的伯氏鼠疟原虫作种源,每转种一代给小白鼠口服单次量咯萘啶。第1代剂量为8 mg/kg,其后剂量每代增加2 mg/kg。转种至第23代,剂量达2,400mg/kg时,虽部分小鼠死亡,存活小鼠的原虫血症仍不转阴,此时原虫的抗药性为亲代原虫的300倍以上。抗咯萘啶鼠疟原虫(RPB₂)对氯喹、喹哌、吡咯喹、M-6407、阿的平与青蒿素等有一定程度的交叉抗药性。用对亲代原虫有效量的3～10倍治疗RPB₂原虫时,不能使原虫血症转阴。如不再用药,连续转种5代,RPB₂可恢复对咯萘啶的敏感性。     

抗疟新药咯萘啶对大鼠胚胎毒性的观察

抗疟新药咯萘啶以1100 mg/kg/d×1,330 mg/kg/d×3,165 mg/kg/d×3和84 mg/kg/d×3四个剂量组分别于母鼠妊娠第7天(D₇)开始每日灌胃一次。另设空白对照组及阳性对照组(敌枯双5 mg/kg/d×7)。妊娠D₂₀杀鼠检查胚胎。结果表明:咯萘啶各组均引起胚胎早期吸收率升高,并随剂量递增而增加。该药还能延迟大鼠胚胎胸骨与枕骨的骨化。各试验组中未见胎鼠外形、内脏及其它骨骼畸形。可见咯萘啶对大鼠有较明显的胚胎毒性。     

酮替芬治疗猴疟的研究

酮替芬以0.7～20 mg/kg×3天治疗食蟹猴疟证明有明显疗效,无性体与配子体分别于93～102.5 h及102.5～120 h转阴,作用较氯喹慢。对组织期实验证明无效。酮替芬以抗过敏临床治疗剂量0.1 mg/kg合并周效磺胺5 mg/kg连用3天,无性体与配子体分别于79.5 h及153 h消失,表明两药合用有协同作用。使用上述各种剂量未发现嗜睡等不良反应。追踪观察30天,仅酮替芬5 mg/kg×3天治疗2只猴中1只及1 mg/kg×3天治疗的2只猴出现原虫复燃。本研究结果证明,酮替芬是具有抗疟作用的新型化合物,但其对人类疟疾的抗疟作用尚待研究证实。     

青蒿琥酯经皮肤吸收治疗猴疟的疗效

青蒿琥酯为高效、速效、低毒的抗疟新药,但近期复燃率较高。为了提高疗效,方便使用,乃研究其经皮肤吸收制剂。青蒿琥酯经皮肤吸收对鼠疟的疗效,在小鼠及兔体内的药代动力学研究已取得较好的结果,现报告对猴疟的疗效。     

Chronic intravenous toxicity of the new antibiotic cefpirome in monkeys

Chronic intravenous toxicity studies in monkeys were carried out with 3-[(2,3-cyclopenteno-1-pyridinium)-methyl]-7-[2-syn-methoximino - 2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-acetamido]-ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate (cefpirome, HR 810; CAS 84957-29-9) a new cephalosporin derivative. In a 90-day study in rhesus monkeys (4 males/4 females per group) dosages of 0, 50, 160 and 500 mg/kg/day were administered. In a 6-month study 5 groups of 6 male and 6 female cynomolgus monkeys received NaCl-solution (0.9%), the vehicle, and 50, 200 or 800/400 mg/kg/d (the highest dosage had to be lowered after the first week due to acute drug intolerance). For clarification of the dose relationship to the findings in the 800/400 mg/kg group, a supplementary 6-month study with 500 mg/kg cefpirome including a vehicle control was also performed. 50 mg cefpirome/kg/d was well tolerated; so too were 160 and 200 mg/kg apart from a slight beta 2-microglobulinuria and/or enzymuria. Almost exclusively at the high dosages retching and vomiting, and exclusively at the high dosages diarrhea, inappetence and physical weakness were sporadically seen in the first phase of the studies. 500 and 400 mg/kg led to increasing signs of discrete renal tubular changes (enzymuria, beta 2-microglobulinuria, cylindruria and minimal histological changes in 2 animals of the 400 mg/kg group). In one rhesus monkey (500 mg/kg) and two cynomolgus monkeys (800 mg/kg) severe kidney damage had developed within the first week. In all dosage groups of the 90-day study special histological methods revealed a dose-dependent increase and enlargement of lysosomes in the epithelia of the proximal renal tubules. Increased cytolysis was, however, not observed. In all the studies there was a dose-dependent increase in the kidney weights of the intermediate and highest dosage groups. The females of the 400 mg/kg group showed slight anemia accompanied by a slight increase in the reticulocyte count. One animal of this group died prematurely probably due to pulmonary embolism. The signs of slight renal impairment including lysosome enlargement, and the slight anemia proved to be reversible.     

Plasma chloroquine and desethylchloroquine concentrations in children during and after chloroquine treatment for malaria.

Twelve children with acute falciparum malaria were treated with 25 mg/kg chloroquine orally in three divided doses at 24 h intervals. Concentrations of chloroquine and its metabolite, desethylchloroquine, were measured in plasma from the beginning of treatment for up to 7 days using a high pressure liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) technique. Chloroquine was detectable in plasma within 30 min of giving the drug. Peak level was reached in 1-8 h after the first dose of 10 mg/kg and the peak concentrations ranged between 65 and 263 ng/ml. Chloroquine concentration declined slowly in plasma after stopping drug administration so that the concentration at the seventh day was 37.5% of the concentration on the third day. The apparent half-life was 3-4 days. Desethylchloroquine was detectable in plasma within 30 min of giving chloroquine and peak levels were reached in 2-12 h. Peak concentration after the first dose of chloroquine ranged between 9 and 62 ng/ml. Desethylchloroquine was also slowly cleared from plasma and mean concentration at the end of 7 days was 49% of the mean concentration at the end of 3 days.     

食蟹猴疟原虫——斯氏按蚊系统猴疟模型的一些生物学特性和对常用抗疟药物的生物效应

本文证明在一定条件下,斯氏按蚊对食蟹猴疟原虫的感染率为77±0.15%;恒河猴易感性强,对照组的感染率非常稳定,用10⁵个以上子孢子静脉接种恒河猴可100%获得感染。在食蟹猴疟原虫—斯氏按蚊系统猴疟模型上,常用抗疟药如乙胺嘧啶、伯喹显示有病因性预防作用。伯喹剂量达到2.5mg(基质)/kg×5天,合并氯喹20mg(基质)/kg×3天显示有权治作用,氯喹20mg(基质)kg×3天则仅能显示抑制性治疗作用。     

Oral and intravenous toxicity of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rhesus monkeys

The toxicity of Δ⁹-THC was evaluated in 35 rhesus monkeys treated acutely po or iv; in 28 monkeys treated po for 28 days with 0, 50, 250 or 500 mg/kg/day; or in 16 monkeys treated iv for 28 days with 0, 5, 15 or 45 mg/kg/day. The high subacute doses selected from acute toxicity studies were chosen to establish toxicity, not to simulate human dosages. No deaths occurred in monkeys treated acutely po with up to 9000 mg/kg, but all monkeys treated acutely iv with 128 mg/kg or more died from respiratory arrest and cardiac failure. In the subacute oral study 2 of 8 monkeys treated with 500 mg/kg/day became moribund on days 10 and 14, and 1 of 6 monkeys treated with 50 mg/kg/day became moribund on day 16. Primary pathologic changes in these 3 moribund monkeys included atrophy of the pancreas, hemorrhagic ulcerative colitis, myeloid hyperplasia of the bone marrow, vacuolar nephrosis and severe serum electrolyte imbalance. All other monkeys were normal at necropsy. In the subacute iv trials, 2 of 4 monkeys treated with 45 mg/kg/day died on days 8 and 19 as a result of acute hemorrhagic pneumonia, but injection site edema, necrosis, ulceration and fibrosis also occurred. Behavioral and physiologic changes were similar in both studies and included lethargy, huddled posture, bradypnea, hypothermia, bradycardia, weight loss, anorexia and constipation. Tolerance and cumulative toxicity were also similar for the 2 studies, but monkeys treated iv showed dose-related anemia and increased BSP retention while no blood changes occurred in monkeys treated po. Pathologic changes in deceased monkeys were associated with the route of administration.     

Acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity studies with 3-O-demethylfortimicin A disulfate, a new aminocyclitol antibiotic

The acute LD50 for 3-O-demethylfortimicin A disulfate (ODMF) in mice and rats were 419 and 778 mg activity/kg (dosages are expressed in terms of antibiotic activity (potency), rather than on a weight basis) for single-dose im administration and, 90 and 96 mg activity/kg for single-dose iv administration, respectively. No drug-related gross or microscopic lesions were found in rabbits given single iv infusions of ODMF at dosages of 10 to 400 mg activity/kg. Minimal to mild muscle irritation was seen in rabbits given im concentrations of 3.8 or 7.5% ODMF at dosages of 48 or 93 mg ODMF activity/kg. In 1-month iv studies in dogs treated with ODMF at dosages of 0.4, 1, 4, or 8 mg activity/kg/day, and in concurrent studies in rats treated with ODMF dosages of 1, 3, 6, or 12 mg activity/kg/day, treated animals remained essentially free of adverse effects. In 1-month im studies in dogs treated with ODMF at dosages of 1, 4, 8, or 16 mg activity/kg/day, no renal lesions occurred after an ODMF dosage of 1 mg activity/kg/day. Concurrent im studies in rats treated with ODMF at dosages of 6, 12, 24, or 48 mg activity/kg/day showed that ODMF dosages of 6 and 12 mg activity/kg/day did not produce renal lesions. In 6-month chronic im studies in dogs with ODMF dosages of 0.5, 1, or 4 mg activity/kg/day or gentamicin sulfate (GS) dosages of 2 mg activity/kg/day, and in concurrent studies in rats treated with ODMF dosages of 0.5, 2, or 6 mg activity/kg/day or GS dosages of 3 mg activity/kg/day, less severe local irritation and nephrotoxicity occurred after treatments with ODMF than with GS. In both rats and dogs treated by either the iv or the im route of administration, higher concentrations of ODMF and GS were found in the kidneys than in the sera. Mean serum and tissue concentrations of GS were higher than those of ODMF. Local tissue irritation and nephrotoxicity were lower with ODMF than with GS on a milligram activity per kilogram basis.