噪声性听损伤中内淋巴电位的改变

本文综述了噪声性听损伤耳蜗内淋巴电位改变的文献资料。阐述耳蜗内淋巴电位改变的文献资料,阐述耳蜗内淋巴电位改变与噪声类型的关系、噪声性耳蜗内淋巴电位改■的机理及其意义。普遍认为在代谢和血管损伤的噪声性聋中,研究正、负耳蜗内淋巴电位的改变等参量能获得某些有意义的结果。     

泽泻汤对实验性内淋巴积水的作用

本文应用耳蜗电位(EP、CM、SP)和耳蜗火棉胶切片作指标,观察泽泻汤对豚鼠实验性内淋巴积水的作用。结果表明泽泻汤具有减轻实验性内淋巴积水的程度和改善由内淋巴积水所造成的听力损害的作用。提示耳蜗隔膜的膜通透性改变,血管纹细胞分泌功能降低和吸收功能增加,可用以解释泽泻汤治疗内淋巴积水的机理。     

甲状腺素对豚鼠耳蜗毛细胞的保护作用

应用耳蜗外淋巴灌流技术、微电极技术及扫描、透射电镜技术，观察先服甲状腺素（10mg)三次后行外淋巴灌流卡那霉素（10^-3g/ml)1小时的豚鼠实验组（T／K）蜗内电位（EP），耳蜗微音电位（CM）和毛细胞的亚微结构变化，并与单纯灌流卡那霉素（10^-3g/ml)的豚鼠对照组（KM）进行比较，发现3组动物EP无明显差异；实验组（T／K）的CM下降较对照组（KM）少，两者有显著差异；实验组动物外毛细胞损伤较对照组动物轻，提示甲状腺素可能直接作用于听毛细胞，减轻卡那霉素对内耳的毒副作用。     

外淋巴腔灌注三磷酸腺苷对豚鼠耳蜗功能的影响

目的研究三磷酸腺苷(ATP)对豚鼠耳蜗功能的影响。方法外淋巴灌注ATP后，记录其对耳蜗生物电活动，包括总和电位(SP)、耳蜗微音器电位(CM)、听神经复合动作电位(CAP)、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)和听性脑干反应(ABR))的影响。结果耳蜗生物电活动的变化对ATP有浓度依赖性。与人工外淋巴液相比，外淋巴灌注1mMol／L ATP引起-SP的幅度增加，CAP、DPOAE的幅度下降，ABR的阈值升高。另外，CAP和DPOAE的变化分别表现出强度和频率依赖性，当刺激声强度为20～70dB nHL时，CAP幅度显著下降；在2～8kHz中高频区DPOAE的幅度下降明显。330μMol／L ATP也引起ABR阈值升高。结论外淋巴腔灌注的ATP对耳蜗功能具有抑制性的影响。     

耳蜗血管纹产生耳蜗内电位的机理

耳蜗内淋巴具有独特的离子成分,以及相对于外淋巴 80mv~ 90mv的耳蜗内电位。血管纹对维持耳蜗内环境的稳定有重要作用,它在向内淋巴转运钾离子的过程中产生耳蜗内电位。本文对血管纹产生耳蜗内电位的各种相关机理的研究进展进行综述。     

一氧化氮在豚鼠耳蜗作用的实验研究

为探讨ＮＯ在内耳的作用，采用外淋巴给药途径，观察一氧化氮气体（ＮＯ）、Ｌ－精氨酸、硝普钠及一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）拮抗剂Ｎ－甲基－Ｌ－精氨酸对耳蜗蜗内电位（ＥＰ）、复合动作电位（ＣＡＰ）及耳蜗微音器电位（ＣＭ）的影响。结果表明，Ｎ－甲基－Ｌ－精氨酸可以使ＥＰ减小５０％，ＣＡＰ振幅降低３３％及ＣＭ振幅略有降低，在此基础上，用Ｌ－精氨酸外淋巴灌流可以逆转Ｎ－甲基－Ｌ－精氨酸所致的改变。ＮＯ持外淋巴缓释能     

水通道蛋白-1,3在豚鼠耳蜗及内淋巴囊的表达

目的:检测水通道蛋白(AQP)-1,3在豚鼠耳蜗及内淋巴囊中的表达情况。方法:运用免疫组织化学二步法及免疫荧光染色检测豚鼠耳蜗及内淋巴囊中AQP-1,3的表达。结果:AQP-1主要表达于耳蜗螺旋韧带基底部、Corti器基底膜及鼓阶内侧上皮面及内淋巴囊上皮细胞下的基质组织中;AQP-3主要表达于血管纹、螺旋韧带、Corti器、螺旋神经节细胞及内淋巴囊的上皮细胞及其下的基质成分中。结论:AQP-1,3在豚鼠耳蜗及内淋巴囊中存在广泛表达,但其功能仍未明确。     

用4.7特斯拉磁共振成像活体内观测豚鼠实验性内淋巴积水

目的探讨用4.7特斯拉试验用磁共振成像系统能否在豚鼠中检测内淋巴积水.方法20只白色或者杂色豚鼠用于该研究.5只正常豚鼠作为对照组,15只豚鼠用于制作内淋巴积水模型.9只内淋巴囊破坏组中的5只和6只内淋巴囊完整组(与乙状窦游离)动物采用gadolinium(Gd)-DTPA-BMA增强MRI检测内淋巴积水.结果由于Gd-DTPA-BMA主要进入鼓阶和前庭阶,耳蜗的三个阶可在所有动物中由MRI清晰显示.在内淋巴囊完整组,内淋巴囊手术后6天MRI即可检测到内淋巴积水,并且由组织学证实.在内淋巴囊破坏组中的1只动物,因内耳屏障的严重破坏而使Gd-DTPA-BMA快速漏入中阶,MRI可检测到该变化,其听力损失为60dB.结论用Gd-DTPA-BMA增强的高分辨MRI可检测出内淋巴积水,有可能对积水程度进行定量测试.在Gd-DTPA-BMA的帮助下,内耳屏障损伤或可能的膜破裂可以被检出.     

实验性膜迷路积水的位听功能测试

用２０只成年豚鼠进行前庭功能、听功能检查，内淋巴囊破坏后３０、６０、９０天复试，发现术后正弦摆动前庭眼震（ＳＰＶＮ）之频率明显下降，幅度无明显变化。术后短声与滤波短声１６ＫＨＺ－０．２５ｋＨｚ诱发的复合动作电位（ＣＡＰ）阈值均提高。畸变产物耳声发射（ＤＰＯ）ｆ１为２０５０Ｈｚ时，术后３０天２ｆ１－ｆ２之ＤＰＯ幅度降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），术后６０天进一步下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）；且ｆ１为４０００Ｈｚ之ＤＰ     

耳蜗血管纹产生耳蜗内电位的机理

耳蜗内淋巴具有独特的离子成分,以及相对于外淋巴＋80mv＋90mv的耳蜗内电位。血管纹对维持耳蜗内环境的稳定有重要作用,它在向内淋巴转运钾离子的过程中产生耳蜗内电位。本文对血管纹产生耳蜗内电位的各种相关机理的研究进展进行综述。     

Comparative study on the morphology and the composition of the otoliths in the teleosts

Conclusion. Saccular otoliths of teleosts were mostly larger than utricular otoliths, which might relate to the three-dimensional movement. The large and heavy otolith may be better suited in saccules of the bottom and reef fishes. The quantities of iron in lagenar otoliths were found to be lower than those of birds. The function of the fish lagena remains to be elucidated by further studies. Objective. To evaluate the morphological characteristics and the chemical composition of the otoliths in fishes as related to behaviour and habitat. Materials and methods. We studied the morphology of the otoliths of 18 genera of fishes (81 samples) divided into 3 groups: saltwater fish (13 genera), freshwater fish except for the carp family (3 genera) and carp family fish (2 genera). The otoliths and the living environments were compared. The chemical composition was analysed using a synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analyser. Results. Bottom fishes generally have larger saccular otoliths, and migrating fishes have smaller saccular otoliths. In comparing the bottom/reef fishes and the migrating fishes in salt water, the former tended to have larger saccular otoliths. In saltwater bottom fishes the tendency was found that the thinner the head, the larger was the saccular otolith. We found significant quantities of iron, zinc and manganese in the lagenar otoliths.     

Comparative study on the morphology and the composition of the otoliths in the teleosts

CONCLUSION: Saccular otoliths of teleosts were mostly larger than utricular otoliths, which might relate to the three-dimensional movement. The large and heavy otolith may be better suited in saccules of the bottom and reef fishes. The quantities of iron in lagenar otoliths were found to be lower than those of birds. The function of the fish lagena remains to be elucidated by further studies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the morphological characteristics and the chemical composition of the otoliths in fishes as related to behaviour and habitat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the morphology of the otoliths of 18 genera of fishes (81 samples) divided into 3 groups: saltwater fish (13 genera), freshwater fish except for the carp family (3 genera) and carp family fish (2 genera). The otoliths and the living environments were compared. The chemical composition was analysed using a synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analyser. RESULTS: Bottom fishes generally have larger saccular otoliths, and migrating fishes have smaller saccular otoliths. In comparing the bottom/reef fishes and the migrating fishes in salt water, the former tended to have larger saccular otoliths. In saltwater bottom fishes the tendency was found that the thinner the head, the larger was the saccular otolith. We found significant quantities of iron, zinc and manganese in the lagenar otoliths.