血清癌胚抗原水平对于预测非小细胞肺癌术后早期复发的意义

目的　探讨影响非小细胞肺癌术后早期复发的临床病理因素 ,了解血清癌胚抗原(CEA)检测对预测非小细胞肺癌患者术后早期复发的作用。方法　对 2 0 0 0年 9月～ 2 0 0 2年 8月收治的 93例非小细胞肺癌患者行手术治疗 ,术前行血清CEA测定 ,术后随访 1年以上 ,记录第 1次复发的时间。应用Logistic回归分析观察影响非小细胞肺癌术后早期复发的临床病理因素 ,应用受试者工作特征 (ROC)曲线进行数据分析 ,比较各危险因素预测非小细胞肺癌术后早期复发的能力。结果血清CEA水平、临床分期和肿瘤分化与非小细胞肺癌术后早期复发有关。其中CEA >10 μg/L是预测非小细胞肺癌术后早期复发较好的指标 (ROC曲线下面积 :0 84 3,95 %CI :0 72 3～ 0 96 3,P =0 0 0 0 )。结论　对于可以手术切除的非小细胞肺癌患者 ,术前应行血清CEA水平测定 ,术前血清CEA >10 μg/L提示 ,术后复发的可能性较大     

CT导引下125I粒子瘤内植入治疗非小细胞肺癌术后复发

目的探讨CT导引下^125I粒子植入治疗非小细胞肺癌术后复发的机制。方法25例经病理证实的非小细胞肺癌患者行CT导引下瘤体内^125I粒子植入,随访观察疗效。结果25例复查满2个月者25例,满6个月者15例,满8个月者5例,满10个月者2例,满18个月者1例。随访中发现3例患者分别在粒子植入术后8、10、18个月肿瘤复发,存活期均超过200天;复发部位多位于粒子分布稀疏区。其他未按时来复查者情况不详。结论粒子分布不均匀所致照射剂量相对不足、生存时间延长后放射性粒子逐渐失去活性以及未能进行综合治疗可能是CT导引下^125I粒子植入治疗非小细胞肺癌术后复发的两个主要原因。     

非小细胞肺癌Ⅲ期外科治疗的远期疗效

目的探讨原发性非小细胞Ⅲ期支气管肺癌N2病例的手术疗效及治疗方法。方法手术切除347例非小细胞Ⅲ期肺癌术后生存率统计及术后细胞学分析。结果根据淋巴结转移部位，单组或多组淋巴结转移从而制定治疗方案，采用化疗一手术一化疗或加放疗，减少肿瘤负荷及转移，提高疗效。结论非小细胞肺癌的治疗应以切除病灶为主的综合治疗。     

非小细胞肺癌转移致脊髓压迫的治疗

<正>非小细胞肺癌转移致脊髓压迫的结果往往是灾难性的。作者对116例非小细胞肺癌转移致脊髓压迫的患者进行回顾性分析,所有患者均进行了手术和辅助治疗。结果发现,术前和术后的Frankel分级、术后辅助放射治疗和靶向治疗均是独立的预后因素。90例患者死亡,平均存活12个月(3~47个月);26例患者末次随访仍存活,平均存活15     

非小细胞肺癌伴对侧肺内结节的外科治疗

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌伴对侧肺结节的诊断及治疗.方法 24例获明确诊断的非小细胞肺癌患者伴对侧肺结节,均接受手术治疗,术后辅助放、化疗,并定期跟踪随访14～21个月.结果 24例患者中,其中6例有原发或转移癌;肺结节的大小,原发癌的病理类型和分期与结节性质之间无联系.结论 非小细胞肺癌患者伴对侧肺结节,如果不能取得病理...     

影响非小细胞肺癌全肺切除术预后的因素

目的　探讨影响非小细胞肺癌患者全肺切除术预后的因素 ,为手术适应证的修正提供依据。　方法　回顾性分析行全肺切除术的 81例非小细胞肺癌患者的临床及随访资料。随访时间 5年以上。运用 χ2 检验、Kaplan Meier生存分析和COX模型多因素分析 ,对影响预后的因素进行单因素和多因素分析。　结果　本组患者肿瘤的组织学类型主要为鳞癌 (5 4 3% )、腺癌 (2 4 7% )和腺鳞癌(17 3% )。非小细胞肺癌全肺切除术后N0 、N1和N2 期患者的 5年生存率分别为 (2 0 8± 9 9) %、(15 4± 10 0 ) %和 (4 0± 2 8) % ,无围手术期死亡病例。术后合并症发生率为 2 2 2 %。单因素分析结果显示 :影响非小细胞肺癌患者全肺切除术预后的因素为年龄 ,术后合并症 ,肿瘤的组织学类型、部位和大小 ,胸壁侵犯和纵隔淋巴结转移。COX模型多因素分析结果显示 :影响患者预后的因素为术后合并症、肿瘤大小、胸壁侵犯和淋巴结转移状况。　结论　全肺切除术具有较高的术后合并症发生率。高龄、腺癌、心肺合并症和N2 期淋巴结转移是影响预后的不利因素。术前准确的肿瘤分期和心肺功能评估是病例选择的重要依据     

电视胸腔镜辅助小切口手术治疗非小细胞性肺癌的临床效果

目的观察对非小细胞性肺癌患者实施电视胸腔镜辅助小切口治疗的效果。方法对2014-01—2015-08间收治的34例Ⅰ~Ⅲa期非小细胞性肺癌患者采用电视胸腔镜辅助小切口手术(video assisted mini thoracotomy,VAMT)治疗,并对临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果除1例患者术中因胸腔广泛致密粘连,镜下操作困难中转开胸治疗外,余33例患者均顺利完成手术。未发生术中大出血等严重并发症。手术时间(142±21.6)min,术中出血量(212.8±101.6)m L,淋巴结清扫(20.3±2.1)个,术后镇痛时间(66.8±8.7)h,术后置管时间(5.3±1.7)d,术后住院时间(19.5±7.2)d。术后均获随访12~28个月,其中1例(IIIa期)患者术后16个月发生转移死亡。结论采取VAMT治疗非小细胞性肺癌,创伤小、术后患者疼痛轻,恢复时间短,并发症发生率低,安全性高。     

病理Ⅰ_A期非小细胞肺癌患者术后预后因素分析

目的分析术后病理Ⅰ_A期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床病理特征,探讨影响其预后的危险因素。方法回顾性分析我科1993年1月至2012年12月术后病理证实为Ⅰ_A期的非小细胞肺癌患者138例的临床资料,其中男81例、女57例,年龄37~80岁,中位年龄61岁。收集相关住院临床资料和随访资料。绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,采用Cox比例风险模型进行单因素和多因素分析,评价各因素对无病生存的影响。结果随访时间9~90个月,中位随访时间为59个月。随访过程中患者出现复发转移14例(10.1%),局部复发8例,同时发现骨转移和同侧肺门淋巴结增大1例。单因素分析显示脉管浸润(P=0.017)、病理低分化(P=0.043)、肿瘤直径≥2 cm(T1b,P=0.017)是预后不良的危险因素。多因素分析表明脉管侵犯(P=0.011)和肿瘤的直径≥2 cm(T1b,P=0.026)是Ⅰ_A期非小细胞肺癌患者预后不良的独立危险因素。结论脉管浸润和肿瘤直径是Ⅰ_A期非小细胞肺癌患者预后的独立危险因素。     

老年非小细胞肺癌胸腔镜肺癌根治术的效果

目的观察胸腔镜肺癌根治术治疗老年非小细胞肺癌的临床效果。方法随机将64例接受肺癌根治术的老年非小细胞肺癌患者分为2组,每组32例。分别实施开胸(对照组)和胸腔镜(观察组)手术。比较2组的治疗效果。结果 2组均顺利完成手术,其中组间清扫淋巴结数、手术时间,以及术后3 a的生存率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者术中出血量和术后并发症发生率低于对照组,术后引流管放置时间和住院时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对老年非小细胞肺癌患者采取胸腔镜肺癌根治术,手术创伤和术后并发症风险小,可促进患者早期康复。     

术中射频治疗在剖胸探查晚期非小细胞肺癌治疗中的作用和意义

目的探讨术中射频治疗在剖胸探查晚期非小细胞肺癌治疗中的作用和意义。方法2002年1月至2004年12月23例剖胸探查无法手术切除的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者行术中射频治疗为治疗组(n=23,A组),同期无法手术切除的晚期非小细胞肺癌30例给予化疗为对照组(n=30,B组),观察术后疗效、疼痛缓解程度、ECOG评分、术后生活质量。结果A组的治疗、疼痛缓解程度、ECOG评分及治疗后生活质量的好转率分别为65.22%、65.22%、60.86%、65.21%;B组为36.67%,33.33%,33.33%,30.00%。射频治疗组优于化疗组。(P<0.05)结论术中射频治疗可有效地提高不可切除的晚期非小细胞肺癌的术后疗效和生存质量,对于晚期非小细胞肺癌提供了新的治疗途径。     

Usefulness of low-dose spiral CT of the chest in regular follow-up of postoperative non-small cell lung cancer patients: Preliminary report

OBJECTIVES: There is no consensus for the best postoperative follow-up in patients after complete resection of non-small cell lung cancer. Low-dose computed tomography of chest proves valuable in screening primary lung cancer and may be a useful tool in postoperative surveillance. METHODS: In part 1, 30 patients who underwent surgical resection of non-small cell lung cancer and were at the first (n = 14), second (n = 9), or fifth (n = 7) annual postoperative surveillance were selected chronologically and subjected to chest radiography, low-dose computed tomography, and standard-dose computed tomography to verify the diagnostic accuracy of low-dose computed tomography. In part 2, 43 patients were prospectively enrolled and followed up regularly after complete resection of non-small cell lung cancer. The follow-up protocol included physical examination, sputum cytology, serum carcinoembryonic antigen, chest radiography, and low-dose computed tomography every 3 months in the first 2 years postoperatively until tumor recurrence. RESULTS: In part 1, tumor recurrence was detected by standard-dose computed tomography in 7 cases. Low-dose computed tomography and chest radiography missed 1 and 5 of 7 cases, respectively. In part 2, tumor recurrence was found in 14 cases with 19 metastatic sites. Thirteen of the 14 (92.9%) cases were detected by scheduled visiting and 11 (78.6%) detected by low-dose computed tomography including the 7 without symptoms. Of the 19 recurrent sites found in 14 patients, 11 ones (57.9%) were detected by low-dose computed tomography. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose computed tomography may be of considerable value in early detection of tumor recurrence in postoperative non-small cell lung cancer patients. Further large prospective studies are needed to verify this issue.     

Prognostic factors in patients with ipsilateral pulmonary metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer is classified as an advanced disease stage, with limited indications for surgical treatment. However, the prognosis of patients with pulmonary metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer is better than that of patients with distant metastases. The purpose of the present study was to analyze and detect possible prognostic factors in surgically treated patients with ipsilateral pulmonary metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: Among 1198 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent surgery at Kurashiki Central Hospital (Okayama, Japan) from April 1982 to March 2004, a total of 48 (4.0%) patients with pathologically diagnosed ipsilateral pulmonary metastasis were retrospectively evaluated. The median follow-up time was 20.5 months (range 1-103 months) and 37 patients (77.1%) were completely followed up until their death or more than 5 years after the operation. RESULTS: Among the 48 patients, 31 (64.6%) patients had metastatic nodules in the same lobe as the primary tumor (PM1) and 17 (35.4%) patients had metastatic nodules in different ipsilateral lobes (PM2). There was no significant difference in survival between patients with PM1 and the other patients with pT4-stage IIIB, or between patients with ipsilateral PM2 and the other patients with stage IV. Univariate analysis of postoperative survival stratified according to clinicopathologic factors revealed significant differences for the radicality of resection (complete vs. incomplete), tumor size (0-30 vs. >30mm) and pathological nodal (pN) factor (among pN0, pN1 and pN2-3). Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size (0-30 vs. >30mm) and pN factor (pN0-1 vs. pN2-3) were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that undergoing a complete resection, having a tumor size of 30mm or less and having no mediastinal lymph node metastases were better prognostic factors for surgically treated patients with ipsilateral pulmonary metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer.     

The role of external radiation and brachytherapy in unresectable non-small cell lung cancer

The role of radiation therapy in the management of non-small cell lung cancer is rapidly changing. Preoperative radiation, with the exception of the superior sulcus tumor, has not been found to benefit patients. The issue of postoperative radiation in completely resected patients with non-small cell lung cancer remains controversial. Current postoperative trials suggest, however, that postoperative radiation in these patients prevents local recurrence and, in combination with chemotherapy, prolongs survival. Primary radiation therapy in inoperable non-small cell lung cancer is associated with a small but definite cure rate. Better definition of treatment volume, proper selection of dose-time, state-of-art treatment planning, and, whenever possible, intraoperative radiation have improved local control rates and decreased severe complications.     

Five-year tumor-free survival after aggressive trimodality therapy for T3N0M1b non-small cell lung cancer with synchronous solitary brain metastasis

Several recent studies have demonstrated that some patients might benefit from aggressive therapy for thoracic stage I lung cancer and synchronous solitary brain metastasis. However, the indication for the patients with advanced T-stage is still unclear. We herein present a patient with synchronous solitary brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer who survived without recurrence for 5 years following surgery after chemotherapy, even though the primary tumor was T3N0 thoracic stage II. Aggressive treatment for both the primary site and brain metastasis may therefore be an effective treatment for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with synchronous solitary brain metastasis.     

Detection of occult bone marrow micrometastases in patients with operable lung carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: A large proportion of patients with operable lung carcinoma (no evidence of systemic spread of tumor) develop metastatic disease after primary therapy. More sensitive and specific methods are needed to identify patients at highest risk for recurrence who may benefit most from adjuvant therapy, while sparing those patients who do not require such treatment. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Using epithelial-specific monoclonal antibodies, the authors have developed an immunocytochemical assay capable of detecting as few as 2 lung cancer cells in 1 million bone marrow cells. METHODS: The assay was used to test the bone marrow (from resected ribs) of 43 patients with primary non-small cell lung carcinoma who showed no clinical or pathologic evidence of systemic disease. RESULTS: Occult bone marrow micrometastases (BMMs) were detected in 40% of patients (17/43) with non-small cell lung cancer, including 29% (5/17) of patients with stage I or II disease and 46% of whom (12/26) had stage III disease. The median follow-up was 13.6 months. Patients with occult BMMs had significantly shorter times to disease recurrence compared with patients without BMMs (7.3 vs. > 35.1 months, p = 0.0009). Furthermore, for patients with stage I or II disease, the presence of occult BMMs was significantly associated with a higher rate of recurrence (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: The detection of occult BMMs identifies patients with operable non-small cell lung carcinoma who are at significantly increased risk for recurrence, independent of tumor stage, and may be useful in evaluating patients for adjuvant treatment protocols.     

基于TFCE的非小细胞肺癌脑转移颅内空间分布频率的研究

目的 基于MRI图像获取非小细胞肺癌脑转移发生频率的空间分布情况,获取肿瘤重点转移区域。方法 根据纳入-排除标准,筛选非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者,获取MRI原始数据,手动勾画肿瘤区域,获取基于体素水平的肿瘤转移频率;使用TFCE非参数分析计算统计值,进行排列测试提取肿瘤区域中的重点区域。结果 共35例患者纳入本研究,频率分布图显示同一体素的非小细胞肺癌脑转移病例数最大值为8,最高频率为22.86%,位于顶叶枕叶交界处后正中线,而非参数分析显示显著的簇位于侧脑室旁基底节区的灰白质交界处。结论 非小细胞肺癌倾向于转移至后颅窝与基底节区,对脑转移癌MRI检查的分析可以为临床治疗过程提供辅助。     

Long-term survival and prognostic factors of five-year survivors with complete resection of non-small cell lung carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the long-term follow-up data on cancer-related death in 5-year survivors of complete resection of their non-small cell lung cancer and examined the prognostic factors having an impact on subsequent survival. METHODS: Of 848 consecutive patients with proven primary non-small cell carcinoma who underwent complete removal of the primary tumor together with hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, 421 patients (49.6%) survived 5 years or longer after the initial surgical treatment. Of all the data analyzed, only death related to cancer was treated as death. RESULTS: The median follow-up of 5-year survivors was 84 months from the original treatment (range, 60 to 200 months). Their overall survival rate at 10 years was 91.0%. Multivariable Cox analysis demonstrated that although advanced surgical-pathological stage (P =.0001), nodal involvement (P =.0245), male gender (P =.0313), and non-squamous type of the tumor (P =.0034) were significant, independent, unfavorable prognostic determinants in all patients, none of the variables investigated significantly influenced the long-term survival of 5-year survivors. The rate of recurrence beyond 5 years was much lower compared with that within 5 years. In contrast, the rate of occurrence of new malignancies was unchanged throughout the long-term postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: Among 5-year survivors of complete resection of non-small cell lung cancer, neither stage, nodal status, sex, nor histologic condition further affected subsequent survival, suggesting that the 5-year interval might be sufficient to declare that a patient with lung cancer has been cured.     

A biologic risk model for stage I lung cancer: immunohistochemical analysis of 408 patients with the use of ten molecular markers

OBJECTIVE: The standard treatment of patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer is resection of the primary tumor; however, the recurrence rate is 28% to 45%. This study evaluates a panel of molecular markers in a large population of patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer to determine the prognostic value of each marker and to create a biologic risk model. METHODS: Pathologic specimens were collected from 408 consecutive patients after complete resection for stage I non-small cell lung cancer at a single institution, with follow-up of at least 5 years. A panel of 10 molecular markers was chosen for immunohistochemical analysis of the primary tumor on the basis of differing oncogenic mechanisms. Local tumor expansion requires growth regulating proteins (epidermal growth factor receptor, the protooncogene erb-b2); apoptosis proteins (p53, bcl-2); and cell cycle regulating proteins (retinoblastoma recessive oncogene, KI-67). Local tumor invasion requires angiogenesis (factor viii). The development of distant metastases involves the expression of adhesion proteins (CD-44, sialyl-Tn, blood group A). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to construct an independent risk model for cancer recurrence and death. RESULTS: Multivariable analysis demonstrated significantly elevated risk for the following molecular markers: p53 (hazard ratio, 1.68; P =.004); factor viii (hazard ratio, 1.47 P =. 033); erb-b2 (hazard ratio, 1.43; P =.044); CD-44 (hazard ratio, 1. 40; P =.050); and retinoblastoma recessive oncogene (hazard ratio, 0. 747; P =.084). CONCLUSIONS: Five molecular markers were associated with the risk of recurrence and death, representing independent metastatic pathways: apoptosis (p53), angiogenesis (factor viii), growth regulation (erb-b2), adhesion (CD-44), and cell cycle regulation (retinoblastoma recessive oncogene). This study demonstrates the validity of this molecular biologic risk model in patients with stage I non- small cell lung cancer.     

Prolonged survival in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer and single-level N2 disease

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that patients with non-small cell lung cancer and single-level N2 metastases constitute a favorable subgroup of patients with mediastinal metastases, we analyzed the results of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 3590 (a randomized prospective trial of adjuvant therapy in patients with resected stages II and IIIa non-small cell lung cancer) by site of primary tumor and pattern of lymph node metastases. METHODS: Accurate staging was ensured by mandating either systematic sampling or complete dissection of the ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes. The overall survival of patients with left lung non-small cell lung cancer and metastases in only 1 of lymph node levels 5, 6, or 7 and right lung non-small cell lung cancer with metastases in only 1 of levels 4 or 7 was compared with that of patients with N1 disease originating in the same lobe. RESULTS: The median survival of the 172 patients with single-level N2 disease was 35 months (95% confidence interval: 27-40 months) versus 65 months (95% confidence interval: 45-84 months) for the 150 patients with N1 disease (median follow-up 84 months, P =.01). However, among patients with left upper lobe tumors, survival was not significantly different between patients with N1 disease and patients with single-level N2 disease (49 vs 51 months, P =.63). The median survival of the 71 patients with single-level N2 metastases without concomitant N1 disease (skip metastases) was 59 months (95% confidence interval: 36-107 months) versus 26 months (95% confidence interval: 16-36 months) for the 145 patients with both N1 and N2 metastases (P =.001). CONCLUSIONS: Survival of patients with left upper lobe non-small cell lung cancer and metastases to single-level N2 lymph nodes is not significantly different from that of patients with N1 disease. The presence of isolate N2 skip metastases is associated with improved survival when compared with patients with both N1 and N2 disease. Survival should be reported by the lobe of primary tumor and metastatic pattern to guide future clinical trial development, treatment strategies, and revisions of the TNM staging system.     

Prognostic significance of E-cadherin and beta-catenin in resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVES: E-cadherin and its associated intracellular molecules, catenins, are important for cell-cell adhesion. Impaired expression of these molecules are frequently observed in several cancers. E-cadherin and beta-catenin are often expressed in non-small cell lung cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the expressions of E-cadherin and beta-catenin and their significance as prognostic markers in pathological stage I non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: Paraffin embedded tumor tissue blocks were obtained from 141 patients who underwent resection without preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy with pathological stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Tumor samples were prepared in tissue microarrays and they were stained by immunohistochemistry with antibodies against E-cadherin and beta-catenin. The expressions of E-cadherin and beta-catenin were analyzed with relation to the clinico-pathological data. The median follow-up period of the patients was 41 months (range, 2-88 months). RESULTS: Preserved expressions of E-cadherin and beta-catenin were observed in the membrane and the cytoplasm of normal epithelial cells and tumor cells. Absent or reduced expression for E-cadherin and beta-catenin were observed in 60% and 45% of all the patients, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between E-cadherin and beta-catenin expression (P<0.01). Absent or reduced expression of E-cadherin was observed in 72.5%, 36.6%, and 60.0% of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, respectively. There was a significant decrease of E-cadherin expression in squamous cell carcinoma compared to adenocarcinoma (P<0.01). Patients with reduced expression of beta-catenin had poor recurrence free survival in adenocarcinoma, but not in squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Decreased expressions of E-cadherin and beta-catenin were closely correlated in resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Reduced expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin indicates tumor cell dedifferentiation and reduced expression of beta-catenin had poor recurrence free survival in adenocarcinoma of the resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer.