α-磷酸三钙骨水泥修复兔颅骨缺损实验研究

目的：研究α-磷酸三钙骨水泥的成骨原因及修复成骨特点。方法：在兔颅骨上制造贯通缺损,植入α-磷酸三钙骨水泥。于术后4周、8周、12周作组织学和X线照片观察。结果：4周时见新生骨长入人工骨内,形成钉突。8周时见新生骨与人工骨形成嵌合。12周时见人工骨内成骨。结论：α-磷酸三钙具有良好的生物相容性、骨引导性和可降解性,是骨重建的理想材料之一。     

BMP/PLA植入物异位成骨的实验研究

目的：采用动物实验方法评价国产可降解消旋聚乳酸（POLLA）与骨形成蛋白（BMP）复合物的组织相容性及异位诱导成骨能力。方法：将经二氧六环处理复合的聚乳酸－骨形成蛋白复合物块（PDLLA－rhBMP-2)和单纯PDLLA块分别植入大鼠两侧股部肌肉内，分别于1、2、3、4周处死，经X线和光镜下观察成骨状况和组织学反应。结果：两种植入物块周围在初期均表现为急性炎症反应，后期均为淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞浸润为主的非行异性炎症反应，PDLLA－rhBMP-2植入3周后出现新生骨。结论：国产PDLLA及PDLLA－rhBMP-2块具有较轻的组织反应，PDLLA－rhBMP-2具有较强的异位诱导成骨能力。     

微孔钛涂层及非涂层内植物骨界面超微结构的观察

目的：探讨钛涂层接骨板松质骨螺钉治疗骨折的机制。方法：40只成年新西兰兔，体质量2．5～3．5kg，在双侧胫腓骨连接处截断后用四孔接骨板固定，左侧植入多孔钛涂层钛基质接骨板（实验组），20只右侧植入未涂层钛板（对照组Ⅰ）；20只植入未涂层不锈钢板（对照组Ⅱ）。分别于术后2、4、8、12、16周切取包括内植物在内的动物骨组织及周围软组织。常规制作标本后分别在光镜、荧光显微镜及电镜下进行观察。结果：电镜下可见多孔钛内植物骨界面有骨组织长入，不同时期新生骨长入量、钙化程度有所不同。而对照组内植物与骨界面之间有一层纤维膜相隔。内植物与骨界面之间只是紧密贴合。在多孔钛内植物周围，植入早期见少量炎细胞侵润。对照组早期明显炎细胞侵润。结论：钛涂层内植物组织相容性好，与受体骨结合牢固，增加骨折内固定的稳定性。     

珊瑚/骨髓复合人工骨的实验研究

目的:评价珊瑚/骨髓复合人工骨(简称复合骨)的成骨效应。方法:将复合骨植入免背部肌袋和颅骨缺损,以单纯珊瑚植入作对照;取材后通过组织学观察和计算机图像分析,检测其成骨情况。结果:复合骨植入肌袋后4周,局部有骨组织形成,而单纯珊瑚植入区未见骨组织成分,复合骨植入骨缺损后6周,局部形成的骨组织量明显多于同期的珊瑚植入区(P<0.01);术后12周,复合骨完全被成熟的骨组织取代,而单纯珊瑚植入区则表现为不完全性骨修复。结论:复合骨具有良好的骨再生和骨修复能力,是一种较理想的骨移植替代材料。     

EH复合材料人工颅骨的动物实验研究

目的：通过动物实验研究，证实EH材料人工颅骨用于修补颅骨缺损的可行性。方法：将EH材料及硅橡胶人工颅骨分别植入狗颅骨，于术后3、6、12个月处死后取材，行病理学检查。结果：植入EH材料人工颅骨所有标本中，均未见排异反应，EH材料周围除骨组织外无其他组织生长，且新骨能长入EH材料表面的浅层内，EH材料及其表面HA颗粒均无吸收。而植入的硅橡胶人工颅骨与骨组织之间仅有纤维组织而无骨组织生长。结论：EH材料化学稳定，组织相容性好，具有骨传导作用，是良好的颅骨修补材料。     

酸蚀喷砂微螺钉种植体骨界面的组织学观察

目的研究酸蚀喷砂(SLA)处理的微螺钉种植体骨界面的组织形态学变化情况。方法选择6只成年Beagle犬,将36个微螺钉种植体,随机分为2组,SLA组(n=18),对照组(n=18)。在下颌骨左右侧各选择3个植入部位,在实验开始、实验4周、实验6周不同时间点,于下颌骨左右侧植入SLA种植体及未处理种植体各1枚,实验8周时处死6只实验动物,获得愈合2周、4周、8周的骨组织标本,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察种植体骨界面组织学变化。结果 SLA组2周时,镜下可见破骨细胞和骨陷窝,成骨细胞表现活跃并伴许多新生骨的出现;对照组可见成骨细胞比较少,纤维组织比较多并紊乱排列。4周时,对照组显示新生骨增多,但成骨细胞不规则排列;SLA组可见成骨细胞进行有序的排列,骨小梁增多,骨质成熟。SLA组与对照组8周时,均可见骨小梁交织连接,呈现致密骨基质。结论微种植体表面进行SLA处理后,植入初期可促进微种植体骨界面成骨细胞的形成,利于提高微种植体骨整合率。     

微孔表涂植入体与股骨界面生物学特性的实验研究

目的比较金属与羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)微孔表涂股骨植入体与骨界面的生物学持性。方法用等离子喷涂技术，将表面分别喷涂HA和钴铬钼合金微粒的不锈钢三棱针配对植入20只成年家免的股骨，饲养2个月。采用X线摄片、光镜检查和能谱分析对二者进行比较。结果HA表涂植入体周围有较多的成骨反应，透亮区较金属表涂的植入体较少而窄，有较强的四环素荧光带，组织学检查HA表涂植入体周围以骨组织为主，钴铬钼合金表涂植入体以纤维组织为主。能谱分析以HA植入体与周围组织交接部含钙量为高。结论植入兔的股骨两个月后，HA微孔表涂植入体的生物学特性较金属微孔表涂植入体更有利于生物学的固定。     

微种植体两种植入法骨界面重建的超硬组织切片观察

目的观察自攻/助攻微种植体其周围骨界面改建的异同。方法采用自身对照的原则,将36枚微种植体植入6只成年Beagle犬上颌后牙区。左右各植入3枚种植体,一侧以自攻植入,对侧以助攻植入。每侧随机分配植入不同愈合时间(2、4、8周)的种植体,取不同时期骨标本制备不脱钙的超硬切片,采用甲苯胺蓝染色的方法,在光镜下观察比较自攻/助攻微种植体-骨界面改建动态变化的异同。结果自攻/助攻种植体-骨界面的改建随时间的不同有不同的组织改变。同一时间自攻/助攻种植体骨组织改建亦有不同表现。结论在不同愈合时间,种植方法对种植体骨重建产生不同的影响。     

载骨碎补总黄酮磷酸钙骨水泥对骨缺损模型大鼠诱导膜中成骨细胞分化的影响及其机制研究

目的:探究载骨碎补总黄酮磷酸钙骨水泥对骨缺损模型大鼠诱导膜成骨分化的作用及其机制。方法:分别以磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥为载体,以强骨胶囊内容物(有效成分为骨碎补总黄酮)制备载药CPC和载药PMMA骨水泥。选取64只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为载药CPC组、载药PMMA骨水泥组、未载药CPC组、未载药PMMA骨水泥组,每组16只。分离大鼠股骨并行截骨,以制备骨缺损模型,然后分别植入相应骨水泥。造模4周后,各组大鼠切开并保护好诱导膜,取出骨水泥,植入自体松质骨。于造模后第4周对大鼠后肢骨进行X射线拍片;于造模后第4周和植骨后第6周时分别取大鼠骨缺损区诱导膜和新生骨,采用苏木精-伊红染色法观察诱导膜组织形态学,并测定新生骨组织的骨小梁宽度及成骨细胞数;采用免疫组化法检测诱导膜中人骨成型蛋白2(BMP-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的蛋白表达水平;采用Western blotting法检测新生骨组织中Smad1、Smad4、Smad7的蛋白表达水平。结果:与其余3组比较,载药CPC组大鼠骨缺损区的骨水泥降解更明显,且可见诱导膜组织形成,骨缺损区域更小;诱导膜中毛细血管内皮细胞丰富、排列有序;新生骨组织中骨小梁宽度及成骨细胞数均显著增加(P<0.05);诱导膜中BMP-2、VEGF的蛋白表达水平和新生骨组织中Smad1、Smad4、Smad7的蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:载骨碎补总黄酮CPC具有促进骨缺损模型大鼠诱导膜成骨的作用。这可能是通过激活BMP-2/Smad通路,从而调节成骨细胞分化;同时通过提高VEGF表达,促进血管内皮细胞分化,加快形成毛细血管网,从而促进骨愈合。     

OBIF可吸收材料植入对小鼠T淋巴细胞总数及亚群影响的实验研究

目的 研究OBIF(Ox Bioabsorbable Internal Fixation)可吸收材料植入对小鼠T淋巴细胞总数及亚群的影响.方法 选择6～8周龄雄性Balb/c小鼠(清洁级)82只,体重18～22 g,随机分为4组,按植入物不同分为:(1)OBIF组;(2)SR-PGA(Self-reinforced Polyglycolide Acid)材料组;(3)新鲜牛皮质骨组;(4)空白对照组.造模采用3%戊巴比妥钠溶液作腹腔注射全麻,无菌操作,取右侧大腿前内侧纵切口,暴露股部肌间隙,将不同植入物分别植入肌间隙内,关闭术口(空白对照组仅切开股部肌间隙,再缝合).术后每6只一笼饲养,任其自由活动.术后7、14、28 d每组各处死6只(摘眼球放血,第1次每组处死8只),清洁取脾,于120目不锈钢网上研磨,经吸打离心后取淋巴细胞,送免疫室于流式细胞分析仪中测定CD3、CD4、CD8 3组数值;并同时取植入部位周边肌组织以10%中性甲醛固定,脱钙,石蜡包埋,切片,HE染色,光镜下做组织学观察.结果 OBIF和SR-PGA组的各CD值与空白组差异无显著性,而新鲜牛骨组则出现明显的免疫排斥反应.光镜显示:早期4组均处于急性炎症期差别无显著性;以后OBIF和SR-PGA组纤维包裹,炎症反应逐渐减轻,而新鲜牛骨组则越来越重.结论 OBIF材料具有良好的生物相容性,无毒、无热原物质、无溶血反应、无细菌感染,无明显免疫排斥反应及非细菌性反应性积液等并发症,可以体内植入.     

Poly-L-lactic acid beta-tricalcium phosphate screws: a preliminary in vivo biocompatibility study

The aim of this study is to assess the biocompatibility of two types of Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) screws (with either hydroxyapatite (HA) or beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP)) implanted in the left femur of four sheep euthanized at 42, 50, 57 and 84 days after surgery. Titanium screws were also implanted for comparison purposes. No signs of inflammation were seen in the 240 specimens. A rating of "+/-" for macrophages and "-" for neutrophils was assigned to all specimens. All specimens were assigned a rating which ranged from "+/-" to "+++" for fibroblasts and osteoblasts. The presence of macrophages, neutrophils and fibroblasts/osteoblasts was not statistically different for the four implantation periods. PLLA implants with beta-TCP have a biocompatibility comparable to PLLA implants with HA.     

两种方法治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效比较

目的比较髋关节置换和股骨近端防旋髓内针治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法对2004年7月～2010年7月笔者所在医院收治的79例患者按手术方法分为HA组、PFNA组,HA组40例,PFNA组39例。对患者资料进行回顾性分析,比较两组患者的住院时间、手术时间、术中出血量、并发症及髋关节功能等。结果 79例患者术后随访8～24个月,平均19.8个月,两组患者住院时间、术后负重时间、术后到最后一次随访Harris评分及并发症等方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HA组与PFNA组手术平均时间为(95.2±15.8)、(61.3±14.8)min。术中出血量平均为(363.8±65.8)、(126.5±35.8)mL。两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论髋关节置换及股骨近端防旋髓内针对于高龄转子间骨折的治疗均能达到良好的临床效果。相对来说,股骨近端防旋髓内针在手术时间、术中出血量方面更适合高龄股骨转子间骨折的手术治疗。     

羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷前牙种植的研究

本文报告羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷(HA)种植前牙一次性植入的动物实验和临床研究.拔除家兔上前牙,即刻植入HA 种植牙,固定并观察3个月和6个月的标本电镜观察见种植界面为骨性结合,紧密嵌合。临床应用于25例患者28颗(?),根据术前牙片与模型选HA 成品根,在其上作光固化冠修复成为牙整体。拔除患牙,将消毒的HA 种植(?)立即植入新鲜拔牙窝内,结扎固定。所做种植手术均获成功。     

羟基磷灰石眼座眶内植入的临床应用

目的:观察羟基磷灰石眼座眶内植入的效果。方法利用自体巩膜包裹羟基磷灰石眼座作为眶内植入物,分别行Ι期或Ⅱ期植入手术,观察26例疗效。结果经6～24个月个追踪观察,术后未见眶内感染或植入物排出现象,义眼运动良好,活动度达到20～30°。结论羟基磷灰石眼座眶内植入并发症少,植入后外观满意,义眼片活动度佳,能达到仿真效果。     

H9N2禽流感病毒血凝素和神经氨酸酶DNA疫苗对小鼠的免疫保护研究

目的 检测H9N2禽流感病毒血凝素(hemagglutinin,HA)和神经氨酸酶(neuraminidase,NA)DNA疫苗保护小鼠抵抗致死量同源病毒感染的能力.方法 通过小鼠肺对肺传代,建立禽流感病毒A/chicken/Jiangsu/07/2002(H9N2)小鼠适应株.同时,构建病毒HA和NA DNA疫苗,以不同剂量电击法免疫小鼠1或2次,在初次免疫后4周或加强免疫后1周用致死量(40 LD50)鼠适应型病毒攻击小鼠.通过测定小鼠血清抗体滴度、小鼠存活率和肺部病毒滴度来评价疫占的效果.结果 HA或NADNA 10μg免疫1次或3μg免疫2次均可保护小鼠抵抗致死昔H9N2病毒的感染.结论 低剂量HA或NA DNA可为抗H9N2禽流感病毒感染提供有效的免疫保护.     

Fluoride effects on ectopic bone formation in young and old rats

This study evaluated the effect of fluoride on bone fluoride levels and on ectopic bone formation in young and old rats. Eighty male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups (n = 20/g), which differed according to the fluoride concentration in their drinking water (0, 5, 15 and 50 mg/l). When half of the rats were 90 days old, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) was implanted. The other rats received DBM implants when they were 365 days old. The animals were killed 28 days after. Fluoride in the femur surface, whole femur and plasma was analyzed with an electrode. The implants were analyzed histomorphometrically. Data were tested for statistically significant differences by ANOVA, Tukey's test, t-test and linear regression (p < 0.05). Increases in plasma, femur surface and whole femur fluoride concentrations were observed as water fluoride levels increased. There was also a trend for increase in plasma and femur fluoride concentrations as age increased. Significant positive correlations were found between plasma and femur surface, plasma and femur and femur surface and femur fluoride concentrations. The morphometric analyses indicated an increase in bone formation for younger rats that received 5 mg/l of fluoride in the drinking water. However, this was not statistically significant. The younger rats that received 50 mg/l of fluoride showed impairment in bone formation. Bone formation was not significantly affected among the older rats. The results suggest that lower doses of fluoride in the drinking water, which slightly increase plasma fluoride levels, may have an anabolic effect on bone formation in younger rats.     

Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of chlorinated phenols utilizing Hydra attenuata and postimplantation rat embryos in culture

Chlorinated phenols (CPs) represent a major component of hazardous oily and wood-preserving wastes that are widely distributed in chemical dumpsites throughout the United States. Pentachlorophenol (C5P) has been reported to be highly embryolethal and embryotoxic in rats. However, data pertaining to the developmental toxicities of other important CPs are limited. In this study, the toxicities of phenol, CP homologues and their isomers, selected phenyl acetates, anisoles, sodium phenates, and tetrachlorobenzoquinones (a total of 38 chemicals) were evaluated using cultures of Hydra attenuata (HA). Developmental hazard index (A/D ratio) was determined for selected test chemicals (i.e., those chemicals which resulted in an early toxic endpoint at the lowest whole-log concentration in the adult hydra assay). These same chemicals were evaluated at equimolar concentration in postimplantation rat whole embryo culture (WEC). HA and WEC studies demonstrated a linear relationship between toxicity and the degree of chlorine substitution with C5P greater than 2,3,4,5-C4P greater than 2,3,5-C3P greater than 3,5-C2P greater than 4-CP greater than phenol. The A/D ratios from the HA assay were approximately 1 for all of the chemicals tested. Findings from the WEC assay indicated similar results based on growth, gross morphology, and DNA and protein content of embryos. The results obtained in the HA and WEC assays suggest that the chlorinated phenols are not potent teratogens. The combination of HA and WEC may facilitate the rapid detection and ranking of hazardous chemicals associated with complex mixtures of chemical wastes.     

唑来膦酸注射液联合碳酸钙D3片治疗老年女性骨质疏松症的疗效观察

目的:探讨唑来膦酸注射液联合碳酸钙D3片治疗老年女性骨质疏松症的临床疗效。方法:以2013年1月至2018年5月赤峰市医院收治的老年女性骨质疏松症患者192例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表分为唑来膦酸组(给予唑来膦酸注射液治疗)、碳酸钙D3组(给予碳酸钙D3片治疗)及联合用药组(给予唑来膦酸注射液联合碳酸钙D3片治疗),每组64例。比较三组患者治疗前后血磷和血钙的含量、骨密度(包括Ward三角区、股骨大转子、股骨颈和腰椎L2—4骨密度)、骨代谢相关生化指标[骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BAP)、骨钙素(BGP)、人抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(TRAP-5b)和Ⅰ型胶原羟基端肽β降解产物(β-CTX)]含量及临床疗效的差异。结果:随着时间迁移,三组患者血磷、血钙、BAP及BGP含量,股骨大转子、股骨颈及腰椎L2—4骨密度呈显著升高趋势;而TRAP-5b、β-CTX含量呈显著降低趋势。治疗后,三组患者血磷、血钙、BAP、BGP、TRAP-5b及β-CTX含量,股骨大转子、股骨颈及腰椎L2—4骨密度的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组患者血磷、血钙、BAP及BGP含量,股骨大转子、股骨颈及腰椎L2—4骨密度明显高于唑来膦酸组和碳酸钙D3组,TRAP-5b含量明显低于唑来膦酸组和碳酸钙D3组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组患者的总有效率为92.19%(59/64),明显优于唑来膦酸组的79.69%(51/64)和碳酸钙D3组的78.13%(50/64),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:唑来膦酸注射液和碳酸钙D3片对老年女性骨质疏松症有一定的疗效,二者联合治疗的效果更好。     

Preparation and evaluation of multiple emulsions water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) as delivery system for influenza virus antigens

In this study, investigations have been carried out to prepare adjuvant active delivery systems; multiple water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion formulations, containing influenza virus surface antigen Hemagglutinin (HA). A modified two-stage emulsification method has been used to prepare multiple emulsions. After improving multiple (w/o/w) emulsion formulations; F1: purified antigen solution (PAS)/soybean oil, HCO-40 and span 80/pluronic F-68, F2: PAS and HPbetaCD/soybean oil, HCO-40 and span 80/pluronic F-68, F3: PAS/squalane, HCO-40 and span 80/pluronic F-68, formulations were selected for the stability study that continued for a 3 month duration. To evaluate the stability of these formulations, microscopic observation, osmolarities of the internal and external aqueous phases, pH, globule size and viscosity were determined. SDS-PAGE (silver staining) was used to evaluate HA and the micro-bicinchoninic acid (mBCA) assay was used to determine the in vitro release of antigen from formulations. Immune responses of formulations were investigated in Wistar Albino rats and compared with the immune response raised against the conventional vaccine. These responses were detected with Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI) assay. The results of this study demonstrated that HA was well entrapped in the multiple (w/o/w) emulsion formulations. Molecular weight and antigenicity of the entrapped HA were not affected by the emulsification procedure. These results suggest that multiple emulsion formulations entrapping influenza antigen may have potential for immunization studies as one of the vaccine delivery system with adjuvant properties.