头低位卧床及饮用含电解银离子水对肠道双歧杆菌的影响

目的观察头低位卧床以及电解银离子 (航天饮用水消毒剂之一 )对肠道双歧杆菌的影响。方法1) 5名健康男性青年进行 2 1d的头低位 - 6°卧床实验 ,收集卧床前后的粪便 ,测双歧杆菌数量。 2 ) 4组小鼠分别饮用不含银纯净水、银含量为 0 .2 0、0 .40、0 .60mg/L的饮水 1月 ,测肠粪中双歧杆菌的数量。3 ) 7名健康男性志愿者 ,连续饮用含银量 0 .2 0mg/L的饮水 16d ,取实验前、饮水第 3、10、16天的粪便 ,测双歧杆菌数量。结果 1 )卧床后被试者粪中双歧杆菌的数量 (lgn/g)较卧床前呈显著性减少 (P <0 .0 1)。 2 )小鼠肠粪混合样中的双歧杆菌数 (lgn/g)与饮水中的银离子含量呈显著性负相关 (r =- 0 .992 ,P <0 .0 1)。 3 )被试者饮用含银离子水后粪中双歧杆菌的含量较饮用前呈显著性减少 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论头低位卧床及饮用含电解银离子水均能导致肠道双歧杆菌数量的减少     

便秘患者肠菌群的调查

目的　探讨便秘患者肠菌群的特征。方法　通过活菌定量培养计数法 ,动态观察了 5 8例便秘患者粪便菌群的变化规律 ,并与 5 6例健康人比较。结果　健康对照组双歧杆菌、类杆菌、乳酸杆菌、梭杆菌、肠杆菌、肠球菌每克粪便里的活菌数分别是 :9.88± 0 .6 8,9.0 2± 0 .5 2 ,8.35± 1.2 1,5 .5 2± 1.6 0 ,7.82± 1.12 ,7.4 2± 2 .4 2 ,便秘组上述各活菌数依次为 :6 .96± 0 74 ,7.0 3± 0 .6 8,7.31± 1.32 ,7.6 8± 1.4 2 ,8.71± 1.0 2 ,7.2 9± 2 .0 1。两组比较 ,便秘组粪便中的双歧杆菌、类杆菌均减少非常显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;乳酸杆菌减少显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;梭杆菌增高非常显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;肠杆菌增高显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,B/E值减低非常显著 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　便秘病人肠道菌群的微生态平衡受到破坏 ,主要表现在以双歧杆菌为主的益生菌数量显著减少 ,腐败梭菌等条件致病菌数量显著增高。     

手术创伤对大肠癌病人肠道菌群的影响

目的 :探讨手术创伤对肠道菌群的影响。方法 :2 0例大肠癌患者 ,均接受手术治疗 ;用选择性培养基平板对术前及术后第 1次粪便进行细菌培养。结果 :与手术前相比 ,手术后肠杆菌和肠球菌分别增加了 5倍 ,P <0 0 1和 3倍P <0 0 5 ;而双歧杆菌和真杆菌则分别下降了 75 0 % ,P <0 0 1和 6 7 6 % ,P <0 0 5 ;双歧杆菌 /大肠杆菌的比值 (B/E)倒置更为明显 ,P <0 0 0 1;肠道菌群失调由 35 %增加到 6 5 % ,P <0 0 5。结论 :手术创伤可引起肠道菌群失调。     

坦克兵肠道菌群的调查

目的　观察坦克兵肠道菌群的特征。方法　本文通过活菌定量培养计数法、动态观察了 32例坦克乘员和 30例非坦克乘员粪便中各菌种的变化规律。结果　坦克乘员组每克粪便的活菌数范围是 :大肠埃希菌 8 0 5± 0 4 3,肠球菌 6 5 3±0 37,类杆菌 5 4 1± 0 6 9,双歧杆菌 8 35± 0 4 8,乳酸杆菌 7 2 2± 0 5 1,梭杆菌 5 83± 0 5 5。非乘员组各类活菌数范围分别是 :大肠埃希菌 6 98± 0 2 6 ,肠球菌 6 0 2± 0 34,类肠菌 6 6 0± 0 4 7,双歧杆菌 9 5 3± 0 5 7,乳酸杆菌 8 5 1± 0 4 0 ,梭杆菌 4 79± 0 38。两组比较 ,坦克乘员组粪便中的大肠埃希菌数量非常显著性升高 (P <0 0 1) ;类杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量均非常显著性减低 (P <0 0 1) ;梭杆菌数量显著性升高 (P <0 0 5 )。组间厌氧菌种检出的阳性率无显著性差别(P >0 0 5 )。结论　坦克乘员作业的极端环境条件对其肠道菌群的生长 ,繁殖产生显著的负面影响 ,可打破肠道微生态平衡 ,但其肠道内各厌氧菌种的定植 ,则有一定的稳定性     

褐藻多糖硫酸酯与贝那普利联合应用治疗早期糖尿病肾病

目的观察褐藻多糖硫酸酯联合贝那普利对早期糖尿病肾病(DN)的临床疗效。方法将40例早期DN患者随机分为对照组(20例)和治疗组(20例),对照组采用常规西药和贝那普利治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用褐藻多糖硫酸酯。比较两组血压、空腹血糖(FBG)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血浆白蛋白、尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、尿β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)的改变。结果 经2月治疗后,两组血压、UAER、尿β2-MG较治疗前均有明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),且治疗组较对照组下降更明显;FBG、Scr、BUN治疗组较对照组稍低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论褐藻多糖硫酸酯联合贝那普利及常规西药治疗早期DN临床疗效比常规西药联合贝那普利疗效显著。     

褐藻多糖对糖尿病小鼠血糖影响的研究

目的探讨褐藻多糖的降糖效果。方法链脲佐菌素复制小鼠糖尿病模型,检测小鼠血糖及血脂相关指标。结果(1)褐藻多糖灌胃14 d对正常小鼠血糖及血脂无显著影响(P>0.05)。(2)褐藻多糖能够降低糖尿病小鼠血糖,治疗第21天时检测到小鼠血糖的降低,下降11.3%,血糖浓度一直维持在治疗后的第32天,下降21.1%,与对照组相比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)褐藻多糖对血脂未升高的糖尿病小鼠的血脂无明显影响(P>0.05)。结论褐藻多糖能有效降低STZ致糖尿病小鼠血糖。     

坦克兵实弹射击前后肠道双歧杆菌的变化及其影响因素

目的 :了解实弹射击对坦克兵肠道双歧杆菌的影响及其影响因素。方法 :通过活菌定量培养计数法 ,动态观察坦克乘员组实弹射击前后粪便中双歧杆菌数 (B)和大肠杆菌数 (E)及B/E值 ,并设非坦克乘员组做对照。结果 :坦克乘员组实弹射击前后粪便中双歧杆菌数 (logCFU ,x±s)分别为 9 5 5± 0 4 2和8 35± 0 4 8,大肠杆菌分别为 7 0 1± 0 2 0和 8 0 5± 0 4 3,B/E值分别为 1 36± 0 0 7和 1 0 4± 0 0 8;非坦克乘员组分别为 9 2 7± 0 6 5和 6 93± 0 2 9,B/E值为 1 34± 0 10。坦克乘员组实弹射击后与实弹射击前及非坦克乘员组比较 ,差异均非常显著 (P <0 0 1) ,并发现其影响因素主要有噪声、有害气体、生活质量、心理应激程度、振动、乘室空间等。结论 :实弹射击后坦克乘员肠道双歧杆菌数量明显减少 ,并受环境、心理等因素影响。     

半胱胺对山羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响

以 5只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的去势公山羊为试验动物 ,研究每日添加半胱胺 (15mg/kgBW )对瘤胃消化代谢的影响 ,试验采用自身对照设计。结果表明 :每日食入半胱胺 8d后 ,瘤胃微生物蛋白和氨氮含量分别上升2 2 .6 1% (P <0 .0 1)和 18.13% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;总挥发性脂肪酸浓度提高 18.86 % (P <0 .0 1) ,乙酸比例提高 2 .0 5个百分点 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,丙酸比例降低 2 .4 5个百分点 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,A :P由 4 .87上升到 5 .84 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,发酵类型发生变化 ;干草采食量明显增加 ,但干物质和粗纤维消失率未出现变化。提示连续使用半胱胺对反刍动物瘤胃消化代谢有促进作用。     

褐藻硫酸多糖硫酸基含量测定一硫酸钡比浊法研究

目的运用硫酸钡比浊法测定褐藻多糖硫酸基含量,并对测定方法进行了研究.方法采用分光光度计检测,最大吸收波长为360nm,检验重复性以及同一样品在不同时间检测的稳定性.结果硫酸基在60～120μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.994),具有较好的重复性(RSD为2%～3%),同一样品随着时间的延长检测值有所降低,回收率为(95.8±2.6)%.经测定,Fucoidan硫酸基含量为20.72%,同理论值(21.06%)基本一致;样品硫酸基含量为(28.44±1.48)%.结论该方法比较准确、快速而且灵敏度较高.     

有氧运动与复合多糖干预对高脂膳食诱导肥胖大鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的:观察分析有氧运动、复合多糖灌胃、有氧运动与复合多糖联合干预等三种不同方式对高脂膳食诱导肥胖大鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法:采用4周高脂饲料喂养建立大鼠肥胖模型,而后分别采用有氧运动、复合多糖干预、有氧运动与复合多糖联合干预等三种方式对动物进行干预,利用16S r DNA测序分析比较干预前、后大鼠肠道菌群组成的变化。结果:(1)与对照组相比,高脂膳食诱导肥胖大鼠肠道内瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)显著增加,苏黎世杆菌科(Turicibacteraceae)显著降低(P<0.05);双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、苏黎世杆菌属(Turicibacter)显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01);布氏瘤胃球菌(Ruminococca-ceae bromii)显著增加(P<0.05)。(2)与肥胖对照组相比,有氧运动干预使高脂膳食诱导肥胖大鼠肠道内双歧杆菌科(Bifidobacteriaceae)显著增加(P<0.05),螺杆菌科(Helicobacteraceae)、瘤胃球菌科(Rumino-coccaceae)显著降低(P<0.05);双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、阿克曼氏菌属(Akkemansia)均显著增加(P<0.01),嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌(Akkermansia mucinphila)、粪便普雷沃氏菌(Prevetella copri)数量显著增加(P<0.05)。(3)与肥胖对照组相比,复合多糖干预使高脂膳食诱导肥胖大鼠肠道内双歧杆菌科(Bifidobac-teriaceae)、苏黎世杆菌科(Turicibacteraceae)显著增加(P<0.05),脱硫弧菌科(Desulforibrionaceae)、螺杆菌科(Helicobacteraceae)、瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)显著降低(P<0.05);双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、别样棒菌属(Allobaculum)、苏黎世杆菌属(Turicibacter)显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.05);布氏瘤胃球菌(Rumi-nococcaceae bromii)显著减少(P<0.05)。与肥胖对照组相比,有氧运动与复合多糖联合干预使高脂膳食诱导肥胖大鼠肠道内双歧杆菌科(Bifidobacteriaceae)显著增加(P<0.05)。别样棒菌属(Allobaculum)、布劳特氏菌属(Blautia)显著增加(P<0.01)。结论:高脂膳食诱导肥胖大鼠肠道菌群中与肥胖直接相关的布氏瘤胃球菌(Ruminococcaceae bromii)比例显著增加;有氧运动干预、复合多糖干预与有氧运动及复合多糖联合干预均可优化调节肠道菌群组成,不同干预方式对肠道菌群结构组成的影响存在明显差异。     

四联疗法联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片根除幽门螺杆菌临床疗效分析

目的探讨四联疗法联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎的临床疗效。方法选择2014年8月至2016年6月收治的200例慢性胃炎且幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染阳性者为研究对象。按照随机数字表法将患者分为A组(四联疗法:枸橼酸铋钾颗粒+埃索美拉唑+呋喃唑酮片+阿莫西林)与B组(于A组治疗基础上采用双歧杆菌四联活菌片),每组各100例,均治疗2周。通过14C尿素呼气试验来评价两组Hp根除情况,分别于治疗前、治疗1周、治疗2周对其临床症状进行评分;观察两组患者不良反应的发生情况。结果 B组Hp根除率93.0%,明显高于A组的75.0%(χ~2=12.05,P<0.05);B组治疗1周、2周临床症状评分分别为(6.68±1.30)分、(3.29±1.32)分,明显低于A组的(7.51±1.26)分、(4.29±1.25)分,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组不良反应发生率为15.0%,明显低于A组的35.0%(χ~2=10.66,P<0.05)。结论采用四联疗法联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎,有利于提高幽门螺杆菌根除率,改善其临床症状,且不良反应少,值得推广。     

Percutaneous Ethanol Injection for Benign Cystic Thyroid Nodules: Is Aspiration of Ethanol-Mixed Fluid Advantageous?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We evaluated the differences between percutaneous ethanol injection with and without aspiration of ethanol-mixed fluid for treatment of benign cystic thyroid nodules. METHODS: We examined 60 patients with benign cystic thyroid nodules confirmed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy and divided them into 2 groups according to nonaspiration (group A, n = 30) or aspiration (group B, n = 30) of ethanol-mixed fluid after intracystic ethanol injection. We evaluated in both groups the complete disappearance of the cystic portion of the thyroid nodule on follow-up ultrasonography (first follow-up ultrasonography; mean, 4.6 months in group A; mean, 4.4 months in group B) (chi-square test), side effects or complications during and after the procedure (chi-square test), and the total procedure time (Student t test). RESULTS: Most patients showed complete disappearance of the cystic portion of the thyroid nodule (group A, n = 29; group B, n = 28), and they revealed no recurrence on follow-up ultrasonography. There was no statistical difference in the success rates between group A and group B (P > .05). Pain, the most common side effect, and other mild side effects or complications occurred in small numbers of patients in each group, but there was no significant difference in side effects or complications between the 2 groups (P > .05), except for intracystic hemorrhage (P < .05) and the complaint of all group B patients due to a double puncture (P < .001). The total procedure time was nearly double in group B than in group A because of the additional procedures, such as complete evacuation of the ethanol-mixed fluid and the 10-minute compression. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous ethanol injection without aspiration of ethanol-mixed fluid seems to be the preferable method of treatment of benign cystic thyroid nodules from the perspective of both the physician and the patient.     

Additive effects of spironolactone and candesartan on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and left ventricular remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure.

The activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system prevents the uptake of norepinephrine in the myocardium. However, the additive effects of combined spironolactone and candesartan on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA) have not been determined. We investigated the effects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker candesartan alone and in combination with spironolactone on CSNA in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS: Fifty patients with CHF (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] < 45%) were randomly assigned to candesartan plus spironolactone (group A; n = 25) or to candesartan alone (group B; n = 25). All patients were also treated with a loop diuretic. The delayed percent denervation, delayed heart-to-mediastinum count (H/M) ratio, and washout rate (WR) were determined from (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy, and plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration was measured before and 6 mo after treatment. The LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), LV end-systolic volume (LVESV), and LVEF were also determined by echocardiography. RESULTS: After 6 mo, all of these parameters were improved in both groups. However, the degree of change in the percent denervation was -14 +/- 12 in group A and -7 +/- 10 in group B (P < 0.05); the change in the H/M ratio was 0.19 +/- 0.18 in group A and 0.08 +/- 0.14 in group B (P < 0.05), the change in WR was -12% +/- 8% in group A and -5% +/- 13% in group B (P < 0.05), and the change in plasma BNP was -100 +/- 83 pg/mL in group A and -43 +/- 97 pg/mL in group B (P < 0.05). The degree of change in LVEDV, LVESV, and LVEF in group A tended to be better than that in group B, but these changes were not statistically significant. Moreover, there were significant correlations between changes in the (123)I-MIBG scintigraphic findings and changes in the LVEDV (% denervation, r = 0.692, P < 0.001; H/M ratio, r = -0.437, P < 0.05; and WR, r = 0.505, P < 0.01) or the LVESV (% denervation, r = 0.663, P < 0.001; H/M ratio, r = -0.438, P < 0.05; and WR, r = 0.532, P < 0.01) in group A. In contrast, there was no relationship between these parameters in group B. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the combination of spironolactone and candesartan may be more beneficial for CSNA and LV performance than candesartan alone in patients with CHF.     

High spatial-resolution CE-MRA of the carotid circulation with parallel imaging: comparison of image quality between 2 different acceleration factors at 3.0 Tesla

PURPOSE: We sought to evaluate and compare the image quality and vessel delineation of the carotid arteries with high spatial-resolution contrast-enhanced MRA (CE-MRA) at 3.0 T using integrated parallel acquisition (iPAT) with acceleration factors of 2 and 4. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using an 8-channel neurovascular array coil, we performed prospective high-spatial resolution CE-MRA at 3.0 T of the head and neck on 24 patients (11 men, 13 women, ages 37-89) with suspected arterio-occlusive disease who were assigned randomly to 2 groups. Twelve patients (group A) were examined with a 3D-GRE sequence using iPAT with acceleration factor of 2. For the next 12 patients (group B) a near-identical sequence with an acceleration factor of 4 was applied. Higher iPAT factors were used to increase the spatial-resolution while keeping scan time unchanged. Two volunteers were scanned by both protocols. Phantom measurements were performed to assess the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The presence of artifact, noise, image quality of the arterial segments, and the presence and degree of arterial stenosis were evaluated independently by 2 radiologists. Statistical analysis of data was performed by using Wilcoxon rank sum test and 2-sample Student t test (P < 0.05 was indicative a statistically significant difference). The interobserver variability was tested by kappa coefficient. RESULTS: SNR values were significantly lower when iPAT with acceleration factor of 4 was used (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between 2 groups in regards to image noise (P = 0.67) and artifact (P = 0.8). Both readers visualized the majority of carotid circulation with good image quality in both groups. For smaller intracranial arteries, such as the second-division of anterior and middle cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery, and superior cerebellar artery, the image quality and vessel delineation was significantly better at an iPAT factor of 4 (P < 0.01). The overall interobserver agreement for both the vessel depiction, and detection of arterial stenoses was higher in group B compared with group A. CONCLUSION: Use of parallel acquisition techniques with a high acceleration factor (iPAT-4) results in superior depiction of small intracranial arterial segments. Imaging at higher magnetic field strength, in addition to the use of an optimized 8-channel array coil, provides sufficient SNR to support faster parallel acquisition protocols, leading to improved spatial-resolution. More extensive clinical studies are warranted to establish the range of applications and confirm the accuracy of the technique.     

Isokinetic thigh muscle performance after long-term recovery from patellar dislocation

Eighty-two patients (50 women, 32 men) underwent isokinetic muscle testing on average 13 years after a conservatively treated unilateral primary patellar dislocation. Three study groups were formed according to the natural history of recovery: group A (n = 32), patients with only primary conservative treatment; group B (n = 34) patients with conservative (group B1; ¶n = 24) or surgical (group B2; n = 10) treatment of redislocations; group C (n = 16) patients with other residual complaints (anterior knee, pain subluxations) requiring surgery. The Cybex 6000 dynamometer system was used as the testing machine for quadriceps and hamstrings muscles, with proportional deficits of peak torque as the test parameter. Isokinetic testing revealed both quadriceps and hamstring muscle atrophy even after long-term recovery from injury. There were statistically significant differences between the three study groups at both tested speeds of quadriceps muscles ¶(60 rad/s, P < 0.002; 180 rad/s, ¶P < 0.009). Groups B1 and B2 presented similar results. The muscle performance findings are probably due to more than one factor: primary immobilization, poor outcome, patellofemoral degeneration, redislocations, and residual knee complaints followed by surgery and deficiency in motor control of thigh muscle had – together or separately – an effect on muscle performance.     

灵龟八法针刺消除男性大学生台阶运动疲劳后血乳酸效果观察

目的:观察灵龟八法针刺消除台阶运动疲劳后血乳酸的作用效果。方法:40名体育专业健康男性大学生随机分为灵龟八法照海开闭穴组(简称照海组)、灵龟八法申脉闭开穴组(简称申脉组)、辩证取穴组(简称三阴交组)和对照组4组,每组10人。实验分两个阶段:第一阶段选在照海穴开穴时间段进行。4组受试者进行台阶运动至疲劳后平卧,照海组、申脉组和三阴交组分别进行针刺,照海组选取双侧照海穴、列缺穴,申脉组选取双侧申脉穴、后溪穴,三阴交组选取双侧三阴交穴、合谷穴。留针30分钟,每10分钟行捻转补法1次。对照组平卧床上,不进行任何恢复干预。第二阶段:第一阶段实验结束24小时后,在申脉穴开穴时间段进行,方法同第一阶段。测定受试者两个阶段台阶运动前、运动停止30分钟后血乳酸值。结果:(1)第一阶段台阶运动停止30分钟后,照海组、申脉组和对照组的血乳酸值显著高于运动前(P<0.05,P<0.01),三阴交组升高不显著(P>0.05)。(2)第一阶段台阶运动24小时后,照海组和三阴交组血乳酸值显著低于运动前(P<0.01,P<0.05),而申脉组和对照组无显著变化(P>0.05);照海组和对照组之间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。(3)第二阶段台阶运动停止30分钟后,照海组、申脉组和对照组血乳酸均显著高于运动前(P<0.01),三阴交组增高不显著(P>0.05)。结论:灵龟八法针刺和辩证取穴针刺均有促进台阶运动后乳酸清除、降低血乳酸浓度的作用。     

模拟民航客机飞行中的气压变化对家兔胆囊结石形成的影响

目的 通过低压舱模拟民航客机飞行中的气压变化,并观察其对家兔胆囊结石形成的影响. 方法 将48只家兔分为4组,①正常对照组（n＝12）：给予标准饲料喂养;②实验组A（n＝12）：0.8％胆固醇的高胆固醇饲料喂养;③实验组B（n＝12）：标准饲料喂养,低气压暴露每天1次,连续28 d;④实验组C（n＝12）：高胆固醇饲料喂养,低气压暴露每天1次,连续28 d.分别进行99mTc-EHIDA肝胆动态功能显像定量分析;计算各组胆囊结石发生率;并检测胆汁黏度（bile viscosity,BV）和胆汁成分（bile ingredient,BI）. 结果 ①各组胆囊结石发生率,对照组为0.0％,实验组A为50.0％（6/12）,实验组B为8.3％（1/12）,实验组C为66.7％（8/12）.②实验组A、B和C的十二指肠显影时间与对照组相比有明显的延迟（t＝4.779～17.093,P＜0.01）;实验组C的十二指肠显影时间与实验组B、实验组A比较明显延迟（t＝2.693、5.654,P＜0.05或0.01）.③与对照组比较,实验组A和实验组C高切变率和低切变率明显升高（t＝2.063～2.343,P＜0.05）;实验组C中切变率明显高于对照组（t＝ 2.111,P＜0.05）.④实验组A和实验组C总胆汁酸水平明显低于对照组和实验组B（t＝2.001～2.017,P＜0.05）;实验组A和实验组C胆固醇水平明显高于对照组和实验组B（t＝2.445～2.762,P＜0.05）;实验组C磷脂水平明显低于对照组和实验组B（t＝ 2.447、2.320,P＜0.05）. 结论 高胆固醇饲养及飞行中的气压变化对家兔的胆囊结石的形成有一定的促进作用.     

Effects of carvedilol on myocardial sympathetic innervation in patients with chronic heart failure.

Carvedilol is a beta-blocking agent with antioxidant properties that has been shown to improve survival in chronic heart failure (CHF). Previous open-label studies have suggested that its use may have positive effects on the abnormalities of cardiac sympathetic innervation integrity and functioning. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that carvedilol exerts its beneficial effects on hemodynamics in parallel with an action on myocardial sympathetic activity and with its antioxidant property. METHODS: A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of carvedilol was conducted on 64 CHF patients. Patients underwent-before and after 6 mo of therapy with either carvedilol or placebo-measurements of cardiac sympathetic activity, circulating catecholamine level, and hemodynamic indices. Myocardial meta-(123)I-iodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) uptake was used to assess the changes in myocardial sympathetic activity. The antioxidant properties of the plasma were assessed by measuring the percentage of nonhemolyzed erythrocytes and the volume of plasma capable of inhibiting 50% of hemolysis after an oxidative stress. Echographic left ventricular (LV) diameters, radionuclide LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and exercise cardiopulmonary capacity were measured to evaluate the hemodynamic response. RESULTS: End-diastolic and end-systolic LV diameters decreased (both P < 0.05) and LVEF increased (P = 0.03) in the carvedilol group, whereas these parameters remained unchanged in the placebo group. Carvedilol did not alter the submaximal exercise cardiopulmonary capacity or the circulating catecholamine level. The beneficial hemodynamic effects in the carvedilol group were associated with an increase in myocardial (123)I-MIBG uptake as assessed by both planar and tomographic imaging (P < 0.01). Carvedilol had no detectable effect on antioxidant properties of the plasma. CONCLUSION: The benefits of carvedilol on resting hemodynamics appear to be associated with a partial recovery of cardiac adrenergic innervation functioning without detectable antioxidant effect in the plasma.