大庆地区2087例儿童血铅水平调查分析

目的了解大庆市儿童血铅水平及影响因素,分析其流行规律,及时控制儿童铅中毒。方法用原子吸收光谱分析法,对2087例0-7岁农村、城区儿童进行血铅含量测定。结果2087例儿童中,血铅浓度≥100μg/L有416例,占19．9％,血铅浓度〈100μg／L有1671例,占80．1％。城区儿童共1165例,血铅浓度≥100μg／L有246例,占21．1％。农村儿童共测922例,血铅浓度≥100μg／L有170例,占18．4％。两地区铅中毒比例有明显差异,而且,随着年龄的增长,铅中毒的比例逐渐增高。结论大庆地区儿童血铅水平存在地区差异,并且随着着年龄的增长铅中毒比例逐渐增高。     

大庆地区515例儿童血铅水平检测的结果分析

目的分析大庆市儿童血铅水平,儿童血铅检测的结果分析。方法采用MG2型血液铅铬分析仪检测515例0-12岁儿童血铅水平,对4个年龄组儿童血铅水平应用SPSS12.0软件进行分析。结果不同年龄,不同性别的儿童血铅水平存在显著差异。儿童血铅水平均值为（60.63±12.85）μg/L,男童血铅水平均值为（59.45±11.63）μg/L,女童血铅水平均值为（55.81±5.87）μg/L;其中血铅水平≥100μg/L者72例,铅中毒发生率为13.9%。其中男童45例,铅中毒发生率为14.41%。女童27例,铅中毒发生率为13.41%。儿童血铅水平均值、铅中毒率差异均无统计学意义（P（0.05）;不同年龄段男女儿童血铅水平、铅中毒率有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论大庆市0～12岁儿童血铅水平、铅中毒率随年龄增长而升高。男童铅中毒发生率高于女童。     

2004年～2006年西安地区学龄前儿童血铅水平调查分析

目的 了解西安市学龄前儿童血铅水平.方法 2004～2006年对西安市不同区域2673名0～6岁儿童进行血铅测定以及血色素检测,并做相关问卷调查.使用无焰原子吸收光谱法检测血铅值,血铅质量浓度≥100μg/L为铅中毒.结果 被检查的2673名儿童中,测得血铅值铅中毒检出率为7.74%.其中男童为8.97%,女童为6.36%.经卡方检验总体男童与女童铅中毒率有显著性差异(P＜0.05＝.对2673名儿童的血色素检测结果,血铅中毒的207名儿童血色素明显低于血铅正常的儿童.其中有很大部分儿童伴有轻到中度的贫血.结论 1.男童铅中毒率明显高于女童;2.血铅中毒的儿童血色素明显低于血铅正常的儿童,证实儿童铅中毒与贫血有关.儿童铅中毒的预防措施及宣传教育工作,应引起家长和全社会的普遍重视.     

2009年广州地区儿童血铅水平调查

目的调查2009年广州地区儿童血铅水平。方法使用原子吸收光谱法测定2009年本院37318名儿童的血铅水平,并分别对不同年龄和性别的儿童血铅平均水平和铅中毒发生率进行统计分析。结果广州地区儿童血铅总体均值为47.55μg/L;血铅水平≥100μg/L的占2.91%,其中血铅水平在200～249μg/L的占0.25%,血铅水平在250～449μg/L的占0.28%,血铅水平〉450μg/L的仅占0.035%;男童血铅总体均值（49.37μg/L）高于女童（44.28μg/L）。结论 2009年广州地区儿童血铅水平及铅中毒率较往年有所下降。     

儿童血铅水平与钙锌铁水平互相关系报道

铅中毒已成为影响儿童健康的重要环境医学问题.铅中毒的概念已经发生了根本性的变化,人们的注意力已转向亚临床型无症状性铅中毒.以往被认为安全的血铅水平已一再被证实对儿童健康有害,儿童铅中毒的标准已从20世纪70年代以前的600μg/L 降为目前的100μg/L,而且发现表明,即使血铅水平降到10μg/L,也不存在任何铅安全阈值.生命早期的铅暴露不仅危害儿童期智能和行为发育,而且对成年后心血管异常、骨质疏松等也有影响.     

应用金属硫蛋白治疗儿童铅中毒致腹痛的临床分析

目的 探讨金属硫蛋白（MT）治疗儿童铅中毒致腹痛的效果.方法 应用金属硫蛋白制剂对58名以腹痛为主诉的轻、中度铅中毒患儿进行治疗观察,以服用MT后血铅＜100μg/L,腹痛症状消失作为临床治愈标准进行观察.结果 服用MT 2～3个月效果较显著,未见不良反应.随着血铅水平的下降,腹痛及伴随症状消失.患儿腹痛症状消失与服用时间长短无关联关系（χ^2=3.65,P＞0.05）.结论 应用MT治疗儿童铅中毒是一种既安全又有效的新型预防和干预手段.     

广州市23019名儿童血铅水平调查

目的了解广州市儿童的血铅水平.方法用原子吸收光谱法检测体检儿童血铅值.结果23019名体检儿童的血铅平均水平为52μg/L,铅中毒率5.43%,男童铅中毒率5.44%,女童铅中毒率4.22%.3岁以下儿童血铅水平与3岁以上年龄组有差异,3岁以上年龄组之间元差异;血铅值随年龄增长而升高,8岁以上儿童血铅值有所下 降.结论广州市地区儿童铅中毒率较低,男女血铅值有差异,7～8岁儿童的血铅值最高.     

不同季节对健康儿童血铅水平的影响

意在探讨不同季节对健康儿童血铅水平的影响.方法 采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定法,铅中毒判定参考国家轻度,中度,重度铅中毒的判定标准.对门诊健康儿童连续三年进行血铅水平的检测,本次共检测儿童10113人次,其中男童6315人次:女童3798人次:检测结果平均血铅水平60.2ug∕L.第5和第95百分位数为19.02～138.05ug∕L,儿童铅中毒的检出率为14.82﹪.我们将符合条件的儿童进行分组.婴儿组:1月-3:学龄前:3-6岁:学龄前6-12岁:根据季节不同分析不同季节的情况下健康儿童血铅的水平以及铅中毒情况,发现其一,血铅水平随年龄的增长而上升.以轻度铅中毒为主[χ2=114.231,P<0.0001],其二季节不同儿童血铅水平也有很大差异,按照春,夏,秋,冬自然季节来排列,儿童血铅平均水平分别是60.1ug∕L,66.3ug∕ul,61.2ug∕L,48.1ug∕L,铅中毒的检出率分别是12.6﹪,18.4﹪.15.5﹪.9.5﹪.经分析,夏,秋季节儿童血铅水平及铅中毒检出率有明显差异(χ2=128.0370,P<0.0001)秋季,夏季,春季,儿童发生铅中毒的危害性较冬季大.结论 ;儿童血铅水平与季节有关系,石家庄地区夏季铅中毒危害性最大.     

成都市某蓄电池厂269名工人血铅水平分析

目的调查成都市某蓄电池厂工人血铅水平,筛查铅中毒患者,为制定预防和干预措施提供依据。方法采集该蓄电池厂269名工人静脉血,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行血铅检测,按照GBZ 37-2015《职业性慢性铅中毒诊断标准》进行评价。结果 269名工人中血铅超标者有36人,超标率为13.38%;其中血铅含量在400～600μg/L的有35人,占13.01%;血铅含量超过600μg/L,达到铅中毒诊断水平的有1人,占0.37%。结论该蓄电池厂的工人存在职业危害因素,企业应加强防护措施,提高工人的自我防护水平。对血铅超标者进行驱铅治疗以及定期复查,坚持定期开展职业健康检查,有效预防和控制职业性铅中毒的发生。     

广州市23019名儿童血铅水平调查

目的 了解广州市儿童的血铅水平。方法 用原子吸收光谱法检测体检儿童血铅值。结果 23019名体检儿童的血铅平均水平为52μg/L，铅中毒率5．43％，男童铅中毒率5．44％，女童铅中毒率4．22％。3岁以下儿童血铅水平与3岁以上年龄组有差异，3岁以上年龄组之间无差异；血铅值随年龄增长而升高，8岁以上儿童血铅值有所下降。结论 广州市地区儿童铅中毒率较低，男女血铅值有差异，7～8岁儿童的血铅值最高。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.