紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗晚期胃癌的疗效及安全性

目的 探讨紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗晚期胃癌的疗效及安全性.方法 选取50例晚期胃癌患者,分为实验组25例,对照组25例.实验组采用紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗,对照组仅采用卡培他滨治疗,治疗时间为4周期,分析紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗晚期胃癌的疗效及安全性.结果 实验组完全缓解2例,部分缓解13例,缓解率60％;对照组完全缓解1例,部分缓解12例,缓解率52％.2组缓解率比较,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.实验组无恶性发展21例,改善率84％;对照组无恶性发展16例,改善率64％.2组改善率对比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).实验组和对照组患者在治疗前后的血常规、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂及其他可能由用药引起的不良反应方面,差异无统计学意义,P ＞0.05.结论 紫杉醇联合卡培他滨对胃癌晚期患者病症的改善以及控制有良好的疗效,并且在临床上不会引起患者相关的其它严重不良反应,可以作为治疗晚期胃癌患者的治疗方法.     

卡培他滨联合草酸铂或紫杉醇治疗晚期胃癌近期疗效

目的 比较卡培他滨联合草酸铂(L-OHP)与卡培他滨联合紫杉醇(PIX)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效及患者的不良反应.方法 采用随机分组的方法,将36例晚期胃癌患者分为卡培他滨+L-OHP方案组(A组,18例)与卡培他滨+PTX方案组(B组,18例).结果 A组18例有效率6例,B组18例有效12例.两组疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组患者不良反应主要为轻度的骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐、口腔黏膜炎、手足综合征、末梢神经炎以及脱发、肌肉关节酸痛等.结论 初步观察两方案治疗晚期胃癌均取得较高的有效率,且毒副作用可以耐受,卡培他滨联合PTX的近期疗效似乎优于卡培他滨联合L-OHP,值得进一步研究.     

多西他赛联合卡培他滨治疗局部晚期胃癌的疗效观察

目的观察多西他赛联合卡培他滨对局部晚期胃癌的疗效。方法选取50例局部晚期胃癌患者,给予多西他赛联合卡培他滨方案治疗(观察组),同时选取50例单用多西他赛治疗的患者作为对照组,观察两组患者近期疗效、生存率及化疗不良反应等。结果观察组患者近期治疗有效率为70.0%,对照组为56.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的1、2、3年生存率分别为74.0%、56.0%和52.0%,对照组患者的1、2、3年生存率分别为54.0%、40.0%和28.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。骨髓抑制与消化道反应是较为多见的不良反应,但两组PLT计数降低、WBC计数降低、肝肾损害、腹泻、呕吐恶心、脱发等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论多西他赛联合卡培他滨治疗局部晚期胃癌近期临床效果较佳,且不良反应发生率较低。     

三维适形放疗同步卡培他滨化疗治疗老年胃癌

目的:研究三维适形放疗同步卡培他滨化疗治疗老年胃癌患者的疗效、生存时间和不良反应。方法:本院收治的45例老年胃癌患者随机分为卡培他滨单药化疗组（21例）和三维适形放疗同步卡培他滨化疗组（24例）。PTV剂量1.8Gy/(25f·5w),放疗开始同步卡培他滨化疗。比较两组患者的疗效、生存时间和不良反应。结果:卡培他滨单药化疗组客观缓解率61.9%,三维适形放疗同步卡培他滨化疗组客观缓解率87.5%,有显著统计学差异(P＜0.05)。两组不良反应、生活质量无显著差异。卡培他滨单药化疗组2年生存率23.8%,三维适形放疗同步卡培他滨化疗组2年生存率50.0%,有显著统计学差异(P＜0.05)。结论:三维适形放疗同步卡培他滨化疗治疗老年胃癌可以有效提高患者的治疗效果,改善预后,不良反应可以耐受,是一种安全有效的治疗方案。     

吉西他滨联合化疗方案治疗晚期胆系肿瘤44例临床分析

目的:观察吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂与联合卡培他滨在晚期胆系肿瘤治疗中的疗效。方法:回顾性分析44例接受以吉西他滨为基础联合化疗的晚期胆系肿瘤病例,其中接受与奥沙利铂联合化疗的19例,接受与卡培他滨联合化疗的25例,比较两组患者的疗效及不良反应。结果:奥沙利铂组和卡培他滨组治疗有效率（RR）分别为31.6%(6/19)、28.0%(7/25),中位无疾病进展时间分别为6.4、7.0个月,中位生存期分别15.4、14.0个月,均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。在不良反应方面,奥沙利铂组出现周围神经炎较多(4/19),卡培他滨组出现手足综合症较多(5/25), 两组的肝脏功能损害、肾脏功能损害、骨髓抑制等不良反应无统计学差异。结论:吉西他滨为基础联合奥沙利铂或卡培他滨治疗晚期胆系肿瘤,不良反应相似,疗效无明显差异,均可做为治疗选择方案。     

紫杉醇脂质体与紫杉醇联合卡培他滨一线治疗晚期胃癌疗效比较

目的 比较紫杉醇脂质体与紫杉醇联合卡培他滨一线治疗晚期胃癌的疗效和安全性.方法 49例晚期胃癌患者分为2组,分别接受紫杉醇脂质体联合卡培他滨和紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗.结果 紫杉醇脂质体联合卡培他滨组与紫杉醇联合卡培他滨组的有效率分别为46.2%和43.5%（P〉0.05）,疾病控制率分别为73.1%和69.6%（P〉0.05）,中位疾病进展时间分别为5.7个月和5.4个月（P〉0.05）,中位生存时间分别为10.3个月和9.2个月（P〉0.05）.紫杉醇脂质体联合卡培他滨组毒副反应中关节肌肉酸痛及恶心呕吐发生率要低于紫杉醇联合卡培他滨组（P〈0.05）.结论 紫杉醇脂质体与紫杉醇联合卡培他滨一线治疗晚期胃癌疗效相当,毒副反应更轻.     

卡培他滨同步放疗治疗晚期食管癌对患者生活质量的影响

目的 探讨卡培他滨同步放疗对晚期食管癌的治疗效果及对患者生活质量的影响.方法 回顾性分析105例晚期食管癌患者的临床资料,根据治疗方法 的不同分为单纯放疗组(n=42)和卡培他滨联合放疗组(n=63).比较两组患者的治疗效果、治疗后生活质量和不良反应发生率.结果 卡培他滨联合放疗组的治疗有效率(80.95%)高于单纯放疗组(61.90%)(P﹤0.05).两组患者治疗前CEA、CA19-9和CA125水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);治疗后,卡培他滨联合放疗组的上述指标低于单纯放疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).治疗后,卡培他滨联合放疗组的躯体化、焦虑、抑郁和敌对得分低于单纯放疗组(P﹤0.001),两组患者的人际关系敏感、强迫症状、恐怖、偏执和精神病性得分差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);两组患者恶心、呕吐、肝肾功能受损和骨髓抑制并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 卡培他滨联合同步放疗对晚期食管癌有较好的治疗效果,可明显改善患者的生活质量,值得应用于临床.     

奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨或替吉奥对晚期结肠癌患者疗效对比

目的 探究奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨或替吉奥对晚期结肠癌患者的治疗效果.方法 选取晚期结肠癌患者112例,依据抽签法将患者分为卡培他滨组和替吉奥组,每组各56例;给予卡培他滨组患者奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨进行化疗,给予替吉奥组患者奥沙利铂联合替吉奥进行化疗.观察比较两组患者治疗前后的白细胞计数(WBC)、血小板计数(PLT)、miRNA(miR-21)水平及恶心呕吐、手足综合征(HFS)、口腔黏膜炎、肝功能异常发生率,并比较两组疗效.结果 治疗前两组患者的WBC、PLT及miR-21水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);治疗后两组患者WBC、PLT及miR-21水平较本组治疗前均降低,组间比较卡培他滨组患者的PLT高于替吉奥组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);治疗过程中卡培他滨组患者HFS及恶心呕吐发生率高于替吉奥组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);两组患者的总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨或替吉奥均可对晚期结肠癌患者起到明显治疗效果,两者均可作为结肠癌的临床治疗方案.     

参芪扶正注射液联合化疗治疗晚期胃癌的疗效观察

目的 探讨参芪扶正注射液联合化疗治疗晚期胃癌患者的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析96例Ⅲ~Ⅳ期晚期胃癌患者临床资料与治疗情况,其中化疗治疗者48例为对照组,化疗联合参芪扶正注射液治疗者48例为观察组.统计2组治疗4个疗程后的临床疗效、生存质量改善及不良反应情况.结果 观察组临床疾病控制率66.7%,与对照组62.5%比较,P>0.05;观察组生存质量改善率70.8%,明显高于对照组47.9%(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 应用参芪扶正注射液联合化疗治疗Ⅲ~Ⅳ期晚期胃癌可明显降低不良反应发生率,提高其生存质量.     

阿帕替尼联合卡培他滨对晚期转移性三阴性乳腺癌患者临床疗效、无进展生存期及不良反应的影响

目的 探究阿帕替尼联合卡培他滨对晚期转移性三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)患者的临床疗效、无进展生存期及不良反应的影响.方法 将104例多线治疗失败的晚期TNBC患者按不同的治疗方法分为联合组和对照组,每组52例.联合组口服甲磺酸阿帕替尼和卡培他滨,对照组口服卡培他滨,观察两组患者的无进展生存期(PFS)、临床疗效及不良反应发生情况.结果 两组患者均无完全缓解(CR),联合组患者客观缓解率(ORR)为53.85％(28/52)、疾病控制率(DCR)为84.62％(44/52),均明显高于对照组的25.00％(13/52)、51.92％(27/52),差异均有统计学意义(χ2=8.993、12.828,P﹤0.01).两组患者各不良反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).联合组患者的PFS为6.00个月(95％CI:4.922～7.085),明显长于对照组的4.00个月(95％CI:3.109～5.244),差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.358,P=0.004).结论 阿帕替尼联合卡培他滨治疗TNBC,可有效延长患者的PFS,疗效较好,且不良反应未明显增加,患者耐受性较好.     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.