护理干预对心胸外科术后肺部感染的影响分析

分析探讨护理干预对心胸外科术后肺部感染的影响.方法选取2013年1月至2016年10月在我院行心胸外科手术患者170例为研究对象,并随机将他们分为常规组与实验组,每组患者各85例.常规组:常规组手术患者给予常规护理;实验组手术患者在常规护理的基础上进一步完善其护理干预,观察并对比两组患者的呼吸功能恢复情况,同时比较两组患者的肺部感染率及肺不张发生率.结果实验组患者采取优质护理干预后,呼吸功能、肺部感染率及肺不张发生率明显优于常规组,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论完善护理干预措施不仅有利于患者术后恢复肺功能,还能大大降低患者术后肺不张发生率及肺部感染率,促进患者早日康复,值得在临床上大力推广.     

硬膜外自控镇痛对减少食管癌切除术后肺部合并症的疗效观察

目的观察食管癌切除术后患者硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)对减少肺部合并症的疗效.方法观察组术中硬膜外置管,应用自控镇痛泵.药液组成0.125%布比卡因150ml加芬太尼0.3 mg,加氟哌啶5 mg,术后根据患者疼痛情况给药;对照组采取疼痛时注射哌替啶、吗啡止痛.观察咯痰效果,胸腔闭式引流管拔除时间、吸氧时间,肺不张、肺部感染发生率.结果观察组与对照组比较,插管持续时间(t=4.32,P＜0.01)和吸氧时间(t=6.31,P＜0.01),差异有非常显著性;总有效率分别为96.77%和72.88%(X2=13.63,P＜0.01),差异亦有非常显著性.结论PCEA镇痛效果满意,能自主咳嗽,有效排痰,减少了术后肺不张、肺部感染的发生.     

纤支镜肺泡灌洗治疗重症肺部感染疗效分析

目的:探讨纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)肺泡灌洗在重症肺部感染及部分肺不张中的应用价值。方法:对48例经常规内科治疗效果不佳的重症肺部感染及部分肺不张患者行纤支镜吸痰及支气管肺泡灌洗术。结果:所有病例经治疗后均取得良好效果,肺复张率为100%。结论:纤维支气管镜肺灌洗对重症肺部感染伴有肺不张患者治疗效果确切、安全。     

肺癌患者围手术期呼吸道管理

肺癌是肺部常见的恶性肿瘤,其主要的治疗方法是手术治疗.术后常出现暂时的呼吸功能低下以及由于手术创伤及引流部位疼痛,患者不能进行有效的咳嗽排痰,可出现肺不张、肺部感染等并发症.因此肺癌患者做好围手术期呼吸道管理很重要,是预防肺部并发症的一项重要措施.     

护理干预对心胸外科术后肺部感染的影响分析

目的观察护理干预对心胸外科术后肺部感染及肺不张的影响,以促进患者呼吸功能的恢复。方法将60例心胸外科手术患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,观察组在常规治疗基础上采取术前健康教育、呼吸功能锻炼、术后健康指导等护理干预措施,对照组采取常规护理模式,观察两组呼吸功能恢复情况及肺部感染率,采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。结果患者呼吸功能相关指标、带管时间等观察组均优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组发生术后肺部感染1例感染率3.33%,肺不张1例发生率3.33%,均低于对照组的10.00%、6.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论完善护理干预措施有助于患者术后肺功能恢复,降低肺部感染率的发生,促进预后。     

G5振动排痰机在冠状动脉搭桥术后的应用

目的:探讨G5振动排痰机在冠状动脉搭桥术后的应用效果。方法:将96例冠状动脉搭桥术后患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组48例。实验组采用G5振动排痰机排痰,对照组采用人工叩击排痰。观察两组低氧血症、肺不张、肺部感染发生情况,并进行比较。结果:两组发生低氧血症、肺不张、肺部感染的比较有显著性差异。(P<0.05)。结论:应用G5振动排痰机对冠状动脉搭桥术后肺部并发症预防起到了积极有效的作用,同时增加患者的舒适度,降低护理人员的工作强度。     

食管癌术后多咳嗽

食管癌手术多为全麻开胸手术,术后肺部有痰液积存。为防肺部并发症,避免肺部感染和肺不张,术后应常咳嗽,帮助肺部痰液排出。     

脑卒中患者肺部感染危险因素分析及防治

目的 了解医院脑卒中患者肺部感染情况,分析与肺部感染相关的危险因素,探讨防治措施,减少肺部感染的发生. 方法 采用回顾性和前瞻性调查的方法,对医院2007-2008年收治的1540例脑卒中患者肺部感染,病原菌构成、年龄以及卒中面积、意识和吞咽情况等进行统计分析. 结果 1540例脑卒中患者发生肺部感染209例,肺部感染率13.6%;年龄越大肺部感染率越高,>80岁老年患者肺部感染率达20.9%;肺部感染与意识状态、吞咽功能和卒中面积相关. 结论 脑卒中患者肺部感染率、死亡率(23%)高,采取有效措施,降低脑卒中患者肺部感染率.     

探讨纤支镜对重症肺部感染并肺不张的疗效

目的探析纤支镜灌洗疗法与常规疗法治疗重症肺部感染并肺不张的效果。方法于2014年1月-2017年7月在东莞市寮步医院就诊的重症肺部感染并肺不张患者中选出72例,根据治疗方法不同为标准分为对照组和观察组,对照组35例给予常规疗法,观察组37例给予纤支镜灌洗疗法,比较两组患者的临床症状消失时间、住院时间等。结果观察组患者的肺复张总有效率为97.30%,高于对照组患者的82.86%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在咳嗽消失时间、退热时间、肺啰音消失时间和住院时间上,观察组显著短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论纤支镜灌洗疗法在重症肺部感染并肺不张的治疗中有广阔应用价值,能有效提高治疗效果,促进肺复张,缩短治疗疗程。     

硬膜外自控镇痛在产科中应用进展

疼痛会给患者造成肉体和精神上的疼苦,引起患者失眠、活动受限、局部器官功能恢复迟缓、尿潴留,甚至因伤口疼痛而不愿咳痰引起肺部感染或肺不张.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Increase in social inequality in health expectancy in Denmark

AIMS: Health expectancy represents the average lifetime in various states of health and differs among social groups. The purpose of the study was to determine trends in social inequality in health expectancy since 1994 between groups with high, medium and low educational levels in Denmark. METHODS: The study was based on data from nationwide registers on educational level and mortality during the period 1994-2005 and data on health status derived from the Danish Health Interview Surveys carried out in 1994, 2000 and 2005. Expected lifetime in self-rated good and poor health, lifetime without and with longstanding illness and expected lifetime without and with long-lasting difficulties or restrictions were estimated by Sullivan's method. RESULTS: Between 1994 and 2005, life expectancy at age 30 years increased by 1.9 years for men and 1.5 years for women with a low educational level. For people with a high educational level, the increase was 2.7 years for men and 2.2 years for women. The difference between people with low and high educational level in expected lifetime in self-rated good health increased by 2.0 and 1.3 years for 30-year-old men and women, respectively. The social gap also increased for other indicators. CONCLUSIONS: During the past 12 years, social inequality in life expectancy and health expectancy has increased in Denmark, but the proportion of the population with a low educational level has decreased.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.