大鼠妊娠期及分娩前后子宫肌层内胶原纤维网的超微结构研究

扫描电镜和透射电镜观察证明:非妊娠子宫肌层内存在着结构复杂的胶原纤维网(CFN).在妊娠期及分娩前后CFN出现以阶段性崩解和重建为特征的改建过程以适应子宫物理性能的巨大变化和功能需要.成纤维细胞和平滑肌细胞在改建过程中既参与胶原纤维的溶解和吸收,又参与它的重新形成.     

妇女妊娠及分娩前后宫颈的超微结构研究

透射电镜观察证明，分娩前后人宫颈细胞内出现以胶原纤维溶解和重建为主要特征的适应性改建过程。平滑肌细胞，成纤维细胞、巨噬细胞，中性白细胞及肥大细胞等多种细胞成分参与这一改建过程。     

胶原纤维与器官纤维化

胶原纤维是组成细胞外基质的主要成分，在正常组织中发挥着重要作用。临床上多发的各种器官纤维化的主要病因在于胶原纤维的过度生成和降解严重不足，从而导致细胞外基质过度沉积。胶原纤维的装配与降解过程受严格的细胞调控，并有多种细胞因子参与该过程。如今，探索如何从不同水平人工干预胶原纤维的装配，从而逆转各种器官的纤维化已经成为医学及生物学研究的热点。本文综述了近年来胶原纤维与多器官纤维化方面的研究现状和取得的新观点。     

与细胞毒功能有关的T细胞膜抗原

细胞毒性T细胞(CTLs)参与体内的同种移植排异反应以及体外同种异基因和经病毒或半抗原改变的同基因靶细胞的溶解反应。溶细胞作用分为三个步骤:①CTLs结合到靶细胞上(可能是一个由T细胞受体和靶细胞抗原所参与的过程)。②溶细胞作用的启动(Programming for lysis)(是一个有赖于Ca~(2 )离子及温度的过程)。③靶细胞的裂解(是一个不依赖效应细胞的过程)。在CTL参与靶细胞溶解的起始阶段,效应细胞与靶细胞相互作用并与之结合。     

微小RNA在力相关牙周炎症反应和组织改建中的作用

微小核糖核酸(micro-ribonucleic acid,miRNA)是一种非编码单链RNA分子,可通过抑制靶基因mRNA的翻译来调控生物体遗传信息表达,参与体内多种生物学过程的发生发展。miRNA在机械力诱导机体产生的炎症性疾病和组织改建中发挥着重要作用。牙周组织中机械力敏感细胞可在力作用下导致牙周组织炎症反应、组织改建等病理/生理性变化,在这一过程中miRNA可能通过抑制这些细胞中特定基因的翻译,对力相关牙周炎症和组织改建的发生发展起到重要的调控作用。对miRNA在力相关炎症反应和组织改建,尤其是牙周炎症反应和组织改建中的作用展开综述。     

肝脏非实质细胞在肝脏病理生理过程中的作用

肝脏非实质细胞参与了肝脏的大多数病理生理过程。它们还参加了炎症、血液及免疫紊乱、休克、脓毒血症等病理过程［１］。它们自身的数量、结构、功能等的变化影响着肝脏功能。各种肝脏非实质细胞还可分泌一系列炎性细胞因子参与肝脏及机体其它脏器的病理生理过程。     

松弛素对大鼠卵巢与子宫结缔组织改建的影响

松弛素 (Relaxin,简称 RL x) )为分子量 6 Kd的多肽类激素 ,主要由妊娠黄体分泌 ,与局部生殖调节密切相关。在月经周期和妊娠过程中女性生殖器官的细胞外基质 (ECM)在内分泌等因素调节下发生规律性改变。RL x在生殖道内以自 /旁分泌方式成为参与结缔组织改建的激素之一。本研究用高纯度猪松弛素免疫大鼠产生鼠抗猪抗松弛素抗体 ,抑制内源性松弛素作用 ,建立抗内源性 RL x的大鼠动物模型 ,用组化方法观察了大鼠卵巢和子宫结缔组织中细胞外基质的几种重要成分——胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白和蛋白多糖的变化 ,并运用电镜观察其胶原纤维的改变 ,…     

纳米相羟基磷灰石/胶原复合材料研究进展

综述羟基磷灰石（hydroxyapatite,HA）/胶原复合材料的研究进展,着重阐述自组装纳米相羟基磷灰石/胶原复合材料的制作方法、结构特点、体内植入后修复骨缺损的效果及降解过程.基于仿生学设计的纳米相羟基磷灰石/胶原复合材料,其HA纳米晶体约50～100nm,HA的C-轴沿胶原纤维排列,形成片状包绕胶原纤维束,HA和胶原分子之间为牢固的化学键性结合,为自组装的纳米结构,和自然骨中钙化的胶原相同.复合材料体内植入后降解和骨替代的过程与骨的改建过程相似.纳米相羟基磷灰石/胶原复合材料具有生物降解性高、表面能大、生物活性好、生物相容性好等特点,作为骨修复和重建材料具有更好的前景.     

简化的Pollak染色法与Weigert染色法的联合应用

简化的Ｐｏｌａｋ染色法与Ｗｅｉｇｅｒｔ染色法的联合应用贾绪东在动脉粥样硬化发病机理的研究中，我们发现，弹性纤维，胶原纤维和平滑肌细胞常表现量和质的变化。非常需要一种能同时清晰地显示弹性纤维，胶原纤维和平滑肌细胞的染色方法，以便观察，研究它们的增生与破...     

细胞外基质的新成员--皮肤桥蛋白

皮肤桥蛋白是新近发现的分子量为22kD的富含酪氨酸的蛋白质,由氨基末端酪氨酸富集区及随后三个相同的结构域构成.它在细胞外基质中分布广泛,具有结合蛋白聚糖、细胞、胶原蛋白及促进细胞粘附、胶原纤维合成的性质,是细胞外基质中的一种多功能蛋白质,在细胞、基质之间的相互作用及基质组装过程中具有重要作用.     

ELECTRON MICROSCOPICAL STUDY ON THE TUMOR OF VON RECKLINGHAUSEN'S NEUROFIBROMATOSIS

Five cases of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis were examined electron-microscopically. The tumors were composed of Schwann cells, myelinated and non-myelinated axons, fibroblasts, collagenous fibers, endothelial cells and mast cells. From our observation, the Schwann cells as well as the fibroblasts were capable of producing collagenous fibers. This observation was strengthened by the following findings: (a) collagenous fibers were just adjacent to Schwann cell surface, occasionally showing a banded structure; (b) the vesicular elements similar to those of the fibroblasts were observed within the cytoplasm of Schwann cells. Each Schwann cell was invariably surrounded by a basement membrane, and in the area of the collagenous fibers formed, the basement membrane became a hazy homogeneous substance extending irregularly into the connective tissue space. The membrane bounded vesicular elements appeared to discharge their content into the extracellular space after fusion with the cell membrane, and here the basement membrane as well as the cell membrane became obscure and looked homogenous. The tumors of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis were basically composed of both Schwann cells and fibroblasts. The name "neurofibroma" seemed suitable for these types of tumors.     

含人发角蛋白和胶原的真皮类似物的研究

目的　以大鼠为动物模型 ,探讨由人发角蛋白和胶原组成的真皮类似物植入体内后真皮重建过程中的形态学变化。方法　将含人发的活性皮肤替代物植入大鼠皮下 ,于术后不同时间取出植入物及其周围组织 ,作组织学和免疫组化观察。结果　术后 4天 ,为急性炎症期 ,同时可见有约 1/2的内皮细胞以及成纤维细胞等 ;术后第 7天 ,植入物内可见大量的血管及其他迁入的细胞 ;第 3周人发开始降解 ,出现胶原纤维 ;6周后 ,人发碎裂降解 ,胶原纤维粗大 ,集结成束 ,与真皮胶原无明显区别。结论　组织学的结果显示人发可以作为真皮基质来修复皮肤缺损     

The enveloping of intercellular collagenous fibrils by reticular cell processes in postnatal development of rat lymph nodes.

In the lymph nodes of adult rats reticular fibers are known to be covered by the processes of reticular cells. This study aims to visualize the sequence of the envelopment of reticular fibers by reticular cells during development. Rat popliteal lymph nodes of one to twenty-three days after birth were examined by electron microscopy. At the earliest stages, collagenous protofibrils were found in the intercellular space between studded mesenchymal cells. The protofibrils clustered around the plasma membrane of immature reticular cells and then became arranged into microfibrils of 30-40 nm in diameter. Bundles of the fibrils which might be called reticular fibers were surrounded by processes of more than one reticular cell. Then the reticular fiber came to be enclosed by the cytoplasmic process of a single reticular cell. Finally at 16-23 days after birth, the reticular fiber was completely ensheathed by the thick cytoplasmic process of a single reticular cell closed with a junctional complex. Throughout these periods, basal lamina-like materials existed between the reticular fiber and cytoplasmic process. Clumps of fibrils were rarely in contact with leukocytes, including lymphocytes. Immature elastic fibers appeared among collagenous fibrils of the reticular fiber when the fiber came to be enclosed by processes of some reticular cells. It was shown that the enclosure of the reticular fiber by the reticular cell did not result from physical pressure due to the increase of the number of lymphocytes, but the reticular cell actively enclosed the reticular fiber.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

含人发角蛋白的真皮类似物植入大鼠皮下的形态学变化

目的：探讨由人发角蛋白(HHK)和胶原组成的真皮类似物植入体内后真皮重建过程中的形态学变化。方法：将含人发的活性皮肤替代物植入大鼠皮下，于术后不同时间取出植入物及其周围组织，作组织学和免疫组化观察。结果：术后4d，为急性炎症期，同时可见有约1／2的内皮细胞以及成纤维细胞等。术后第10d，植入物内可见大量的血管及其他迁入的细胞。第3w人发开始降解，出现胶原纤维。6w后，人发碎裂降解，胶原纤维粗大，集结成束，与真皮胶原无明显区别，同时移植块内也出现了弹性纤维。结论：组织学的结果显示人发可以作为真皮基质来修复皮肤缺损。     

子宫平滑肌肉瘤组织发生的电镜观察

选用光镜论断为子宫平滑肌肉瘤的相应电镜用样品三例。电镜样品常规制样。电镜观察到子宫平滑肌肉瘤由明、暗两种细胞群和少量胶原组成。明细胞占极大多数。暗细胞周围均有胶原纤维。依瘤细胞内所含肌丝数量的增加，发现瘤细胞有分化移行过程，肌丝的含量与其他细胞器的数量成反比。     

A histological evaluation for guided bone regeneration induced by a collagenous membrane

This study was designed to evaluate the histological changes during ossification and cellular events including osteogenic differentiation responding to collagenous bioresorbable membranes utilized for GBR. Standardized artificial bony defects were prepared at rat maxillae, and covered with a collagenous bioresorbable membrane. These animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after the GBR-operation. The paraffin sections were subject to tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OP) and osteocalcin (OC). In the first week of the experimental group, woven bone with ALP-positive osteoblasts occupied the lower half of the cavity. The collagenous membrane included numerous ALP-negative cells and OP-immunoreactive extracellular matrices. At 2 weeks, the ALP-, OP- and OC-immunoreactivity came to be recognizable in the region of collagenous membrane. Since ALP-negative soft tissue separated the collagenous membrane and the new bone originating from the cavity bottom, the collagenous membrane appeared to induce osteogenesis in situ. At 3 weeks, numerous collagen fibers of the membrane were embedded in the adjacent bone matrix. At 4 weeks, the membrane-associated and the cavity-derived bones had completely integrated, showing the same height of the periosteal ridge as the surrounding alveolar bones. The collagen fibers of a GBR-membrane appear to participate in osteogenic differentiation.     

Histometric study of age related changes in the thoracic aorta of Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Summary The authors have studied the quantitative variations of elastic and collagenous fibers, muscle cells and cellular population in the mesarteria of the middle portion of the thoracic aorta of Gallus gallus from 1 day to 36 months of age. A histometric method has been employed, using an integrating eyepiece I (Zeiss Oberkochen) for the countings.The results obtained show that the concentration of elastic fibers increases from the first to the 30th day of age, decreasing from this point until 36 months while that of the collagenous fibers increases during the first and second period. The muscular tissue increases its concentration from the 30th day to 36th month, while the cellular population decreases from the 15th to 30th day, then remaining, stable until 36 months. From the variations pointed out here for the different elements studied between 30 days and 36 months of age, only those of the eollagenous fibers were linear with age.     

Tenascin labelling in colorectal biopsies: a useful marker in the diagnosis of collagenous colitis

AIMS: This study was undertaken to clarify whether immunohistological detection of tenascin (TN), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is expressed during stromal remodelling, may allow a more precise diagnosis of collagenous colitis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied multiple colorectal biopsies specimens from 15 patients with clinically suspected collagenous colitis for TN expression by using a monoclonal antibody. Biopsies from further 15 patients without symptoms and signs of collagenous colitis served as controls. In seven of the 15 cases with clinically suspected collagenous colitis a prominent and selective subepithelial tenascin expression was identified. The TN expression pattern closely correlated with the conventional detection of a subepithelial collagen band diagnostic of collagenous colitis. The immunohistological labelling for TN allowed a quicker and more precise measurement of the thickness of the diagnostic collagen deposits than conventional staining. By this approach one further case could be reclassified as collagenous colitis. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that immunohistological detection of TN allows a more correct and easy diagnosis of collagenous colitis.     

Fiber arrangement of the rat splenic capsule with special reference to elastic fibers

The fiber arrangement of the rat splenic capsule was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) after selective removal by chemical maceration of capsule components, in conjunction with examination of thin sections using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). TEM findings were compared to those of the guinea-pig, mouse and dog. Serosal cells of the rat splenic capsule showed labyrinthic channels that consisted of expanded intercellular spaces and tunnel-like spaces or slits in the basal cytoplasm. The channels contained fascicles of collagenous fibrils, forming a loose net on an underlying elastic lamina of densely aggregated elastic fibers. The fibrous tunica was an intermingled layer of elastic and collagenous fibers and sparse interstitial cells. The fibrous components were arranged more densely in the external layer than in the internal layer of the capsule. The elastic lamina comprised the outermost layer of the fibrous tunica in the intertrabecular region, but was situated deep in the trabecular region. Outward branches of the lamina in the trabecular region were arranged in a spiral. Intrachannel fibrillar fascicles were continuous, via fenestrations in the elastic lamina, with thick fascicles of collagenous fibers. The elastic lamina may play a role in effective contraction of whole spleen. In the guinea-pig, mouse and dog, elastic fibers were fragmented and not arranged in laminae. Typical smooth muscle cells were abundant in the dog. The channel spaces in the serosal tunica are discussed from the viewpoint of extravascular lymphatic flow for circulation of the peritoneal serous fluid.