心率变异预测急性心肌梗死预后的价值

为探讨急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）预后与心率变异（ＨＲＶ）的关系及ＨＲＶ与左室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ）、心室晚电位（ＶＬＰ）联合应用对心律失常事件的预测价值，对８４例ＡＭＩ后两周的患者进行ＨＲＶ时域及频域分析和ＶＬＰ检测，并进行长期随访。平均随访１６．７５±７．７４（４～２９）个月（１２例失访）。结果表明：①发生严重心律失常事件的ＡＭＩ患者（１５例）的ＨＲＶ较无严重心律失常事件者（５７例）明显下降〔ＳＤ：３．８７９±０．３５５ｌｎ（ｍｓ）ｖｓ４．０７７±０．２８１ｌｎ（ｍｓ），Ｓｔ．Ｇｅｏｒｇｅｓ指数：３．６７７±０．５６９ｖｓ３．９２９±０．３５８，ＬＦ：４．３９９±１．１７９ｌｎ（ｍｓ２／Ｈｚ）ｖｓ５．０４１±０．９１２ｌｎ（ｍｓ２／Ｈｚ），Ｐ均＜０．０５〕。②ＨＲＶ对严重心律失常事件预测的敏感性为４６．７％，高于ＬＶＥＦ（３３．３％）及ＶＬＰ（２６．７％）；阳性预测值为３０．４％，与ＬＶＥＦ（３１．２％）及ＶＬＰ（３０．８％）相近。③ＨＲＶ分别与ＬＶＥＦ、ＶＬＰ合用，可明显提高阳性预测值（依次为６０％和５０％）。提示ＡＭＩ后心律失常事件的发生及心脏性猝死与ＨＲＶ有密切关系。     

冠心病心室晚电位与冠状动脉病变的关系

为观察心室晚电位（ＶＬＰ）、心律失常事件（ＡＥ）与冠状动脉病变的关系，对１４５例冠心病患者（心绞痛５５例、陈旧性心肌梗死９０例）进行信号平均心电图的定性分析和２４小时Ｈｏｌｔｅｒ监测，并同期进行冠状动脉造影，并长期随访观察。１１９例（失访２６例）随访１４．１±７．１（４～３６）个月，发生ＡＥ７例。ＶＬＰ阳性者ＡＥ发生率２５％（４／１６），明显高于ＶＬＰ阴性者ＡＥ的发生率２．９％（３／１０３），Ｐ＜０．００１；ＶＬＰ、ＡＥ与冠状动脉病变血管的支数和狭窄程度之间均无明显关系（Ｐ均＞０．０５）。结果提示ＶＬＰ与ＡＥ密切相关，但ＶＬＰ、ＡＥ与冠状动脉病变的范围和程度无明显关系。     

老年冠心病患者心室晚电位与多普勒超声左室舒张功能测定的相关分析

对４８例老年冠心病患者及２０例健康老年人作心室晚电位（ＶＬＰ）和彩色多普勒超声左心室舒张功能测定。结果显示：冠心病组ＶＬＰ阳性率比健康组显著升高（分别为３３．３％及０％，Ｐ＜０．０１），左心室舒张功能较健康组明显降低；ＶＬＰ阳性组与阴性组比较，前者左室舒张功能降低更明显；左室舒张功能参数（Ａ／Ｅ比率）与ＶＬＰ各指标（ＱＲＳ时限、Ｄ（４０）、Ｖ（４０））之间有直线相关关系。     

老年冠心病患者心室晚电位与多普勒超声左室舒张功能测定…

对４８例老年冠心病患者及２０例健康老年人作心室晚电位（ＶＬＰ）和彩色多普勒超声左心室舒张功能测定。结果显示：冠心病组ＶＬＰ阳性率比健康组显著升高（分别为３３．３％及０％，Ｐ＜０．０１），左心室舒张功能较健康组明显降低；ＶＬＰ阳性组与阴性组比较，前者左室舒张功能降低更明显；左室舒张功能参数（Ａ／Ｅ比率）与ＶＬＰ各指标（ＱＲＳ时限、Ｄ４０、Ｖ４０）之间有直线相关关系。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术对冠心病患者心室晚电位的影响

为观察经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）对心室晚电位（ＶＬＰ）的影响，对３８例冠心病患者ＰＴＣＡ前、后的信号平均心电图（ＳＡ－ＥＣＧ）进行定性、定量分析和随访观察。时域分析发现，３例ＶＬＰ阳性中的１例ＰＴＣＡ术后ＶＬＰ消失，有５．７％（２／３５）ＶＬＰ阴性患者术后ＶＬＰ转为阳性；频谱时间标测发现，４例ＶＬＰ阳性中的２例术后ＶＬＰ消失，有１１．８％（４／３４）ＶＬＰ阴性患者术后ＶＬＰ转为阳性；全组患者中，ＰＴＣＡ前、后ＳＡ－ＥＣＧ参数的变化无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。术后随访１０．９±２．５（４～１４）个月，未发生心律失常事件。提示ＰＴＣＡ可使ＶＬＰ阳性的部分患者转阴；使很少部分患者ＶＬＰ阴性转为阳性，提示再灌注可能改善冠心病患者的预后     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术对冠心病患者心室晚电位的 …

为观察经皮冠状动脉内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）对心室晚电位（ＶＬＰ）的影响，对３８例冠心病患者ＰＴＣＡ前，后的信号平均心电图（ＳＡ－ＥＣＧ）进行定位，定量分析和随访观察，时域分析发现，３例ＶＬＰ阳性中的１例ＰＴＣＡ术后ＶＬＰ消失，有５．７％（２／３５）ＶＬＰ阴性患者后ＶＬＰ转为阳性；频谱时间标测发现，４例ＶＬＰ阳性中的２例术后ＶＬＰ消失，有１１．８％（４／３４）ＶＬＰ阴性患者术后ＶＬＰ转为阳性；全组患者中     

信号平均心电图预测冠心病患者心律失常事件的前瞻性研究

目的：评价心室晚电位（ＶＬＰ）预测心律失常事件（ＡＥ）的价值。方法：对２６１例冠心病患者进行２４小时Ｈｏｌｔｅｒ和信号平均心电图（ＳＡ－ＥＣＧ）检测，其中ＡＭＩ患者于发病后２～４周行ＳＡ－ＥＣＧ检测。所有患者均进行临床随访。结果：２６１例冠心病患者中ＶＬＰ阳性率１４９％，随访１３６±６９（４～３６）月，发生ＡＥ１８例。ＶＬＰ阳性组ＡＥ发生率２９７％，明显高于ＶＬＰ阴性组ＡＥ发生率３６％（Ｐ＜００００１）。发生ＡＥ组ＶＬＰ阳性率６１１％，明显高于未发生ＡＥ组ＶＬＰ阳性率１２３％（Ｐ＜０００１）。ＶＬＰ时域分析预测冠心病患者发生ＡＥ的敏感性６１１％、特异性８７７％、阳性预测值２９７％、阴性预测值９６４％、准确性８５６％。结论：ＶＬＰ预测ＡＥ有较高的敏感性、特异性和准确性。ＶＬＰ有助于冠心病（尤其心肌梗死）患者的危险性分层。     

冠心病心室晚电位与左室功能的关系

目的：观察心室晚电位（ＶＬＰ）、心律失常事件（ＡＥ）与左室功能之间的关系。方法：１４５例冠心病患者均进行信号平均心电图（ＳＡ－ＥＣＧ）检测和２４小时ＨＯＬＴＥＲ监测，同期进行冠状动脉造影和左室造影及随访观察。结果：１１４５例冠心病患者（心绞痛５５例、陈旧性心肌梗死９０例），随访１４１±７１（４－３６）月，发生ＡＥ７例。２ＶＬＰ阳性组左室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ）显著降低（Ｐ＜００５）。３发生ＡＥ组ＬＶＥＦ显著降低（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：左室功能障碍者ＶＬＰ阳性率高、容易发生ＡＥ。     

支气管肺泡灌洗液癌胚抗原和糖链抗原50检测在肺癌诊断中的价值

本文对１８３例支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）的癌胚抗原（ＣＥＡ）和糖链抗原５０（ＣＡ５０）浓度进行了检测。结果显示：肺癌ＢＡＬＦ的ＣＥＡ和ＣＡ５０浓度均值分别为２２．０５±２２．３３μｇ／Ｌ和４１．５３±２９．５７ＫＵ／Ｌ，明显高于肺结核组和肺炎组，Ｐ值均＜０．００１。将ＢＡＬＦ的ＣＥＡ、ＣＡ５０的诊断界值定为≥１０μｇ／Ｌ和２０ＫＵ／Ｌ为阳性，则ＣＥＡ和ＣＡ５０同时阳性对肺癌的特异性为９０％，阳性准确率为９４％。提示ＢＡＬＦ的ＣＥＡ、ＣＡ５０同时检测，可为肺癌诊断提供重要线索。     

扩张型心肌病猝死高危因素分析

收治１２２例扩张型心肌病（ＤＣＭ），其中１２例住院期间发生猝死（猝死组），１１０例存活（存活组）。结果发现，持续性室速（ＳＶＴ）的猝死率为５２．９％，非持续性室速（ＮＳＶＴ）为８．１％；心室晚电位（ＶＬＰ）阳性者猝死率为３０％，阴性者为１１％；猝死组生前平均ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｄ）、右室流出道分别为９６．２２±２２．２３ｍｓ、３．５４±０．１８ｃｍ，存活组分别为５４．２０±１２．１１ｍｓ、２．８８±０．２８ｃｍ。提示ＳＶＴ、ＶＬＰ阳性、ＱＴｄ显著增加、右室流出道扩张为ＤＣＭ的猝死高危因素     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.