马方综合征左房黏液瘤并先天性无子宫1例

患者,女,46岁,因心慌气促6个月,加重伴咳嗽、水肿1个月于2010-02-18入院。患者6个月前开始出现活动时心慌气促,逐渐加重,休息后可以缓解,未诊治。1个月前开始受凉后咳嗽咳痰,心慌气     

混合性结缔组织病合并重度肺动脉高压一例

患者,女性,37岁,因“反复气促、胸闷1年,加重半个月”于2004年12月9日收入院。患者于1年前无明显诱因下出现活动后气促、胸闷,休息后缓解。半个月前症状加重,平卧即出现气促、呼吸困难和口唇、四肢末端发绀,坐位可缓解,半个月来在当地医院按“心包炎”治疗无效。     

原发性淀粉样变误诊一例

患者女性,69岁,教师,因活动后气促伴双下肢水肿1年,加重半个月于2009年11月9日人我院.患者1年前无明显诱因出现活动后气促,休息后可缓解,无夜间阵发性呼吸困难,伴双下肢凹陷性水肿,并出现皮肤易破溃,轻微碰撞后出现皮下瘀斑.患者在入院前曾多次就诊于当地不同的三级甲等医院,2009年4月于当地医院查胸片示:两肺间质性改变,心脏横径增大.     

原发性淀粉样变误诊一例

患者女性,69岁,教师,因活动后气促伴双下肢水肿1年,加重半个月于2009年11月9日人我院.患者1年前无明显诱因出现活动后气促,休息后可缓解,无夜间阵发性呼吸困难,伴双下肢凹陷性水肿,并出现皮肤易破溃,轻微碰撞后出现皮下瘀斑.患者在入院前曾多次就诊于当地不同的三级甲等医院,2009年4月于当地医院查胸片示:两肺间质性改变,心脏横径增大.     

原发性淀粉样变误诊一例

患者女性,69岁,教师,因活动后气促伴双下肢水肿1年,加重半个月于2009年11月9日人我院.患者1年前无明显诱因出现活动后气促,休息后可缓解,无夜间阵发性呼吸困难,伴双下肢凹陷性水肿,并出现皮肤易破溃,轻微碰撞后出现皮下瘀斑.患者在入院前曾多次就诊于当地不同的三级甲等医院,2009年4月于当地医院查胸片示:两肺间质性改变,心脏横径增大.     

第5例:临床表现活动后气短、腹胀、下肢水肿

<正> 患者女性,17岁。因活动后气短、腹胀、下肢水肿5年,加重1个月余于2009年3月入院。患者于2004年前开始出现活动后胸闷、气促,活动耐力逐渐下降。之后逐渐出现腹胀、纳差和下肢水肿,尿量有所减少,就诊于当地医院,心电图示心房颤动,超声心动图示"双心房增大,右心房明显增大,三尖瓣重度反流,提示为心肌病变"。考虑存在心力衰竭,给予地高辛、呋塞米、依那普利等治疗后患者腹胀、水肿等症状可以缓解。但之后仍间断出现上述症状,间断服用利尿剂等药物可以缓解。2009年2月开始腹胀、下肢水肿加重,为明确病因和进一步治疗就诊于本院。起病前体健。患者至今未来月     

进行性肌营养不良致扩张型心肌病2例

1病例资料1.1病例1临床资料患者,男,18岁。因反复心悸,气促1个月余,加重1周,于2004-04-28入院。患者就诊前1个月无明显诱因出现上腹不适,未予处理,后出现心悸、气促,活动后加重,休息可缓解,就诊前1周心悸气促加重,不能平卧,当地医院拟诊"病毒性心肌炎",治疗效果不佳转广东省人民医院诊治。     

病例182:49岁女性急性肺水肿、低血压

正2017年第7期(截稿日期2017年6月1日)患者,女性,49岁,以"活动后胸闷气短5个月,加重半个月"为主诉入院。入院前5月,患者常在活动或情绪激动后出现胸闷气短、心悸、颈咽部发紧,伴头痛、双上肢抖动,休息20~30min后逐步缓解,曾多次在发作间歇前往当地医院就诊,检查血压"正常或偏低",疑诊"癫痫",病后一直无晕厥,因从未在发     

系统性淀粉样变病累及心脏一例

患者男性,53岁.因胸闷、气喘7个月,水肿5个月,加重3个月于2007年12月14日收治入院.患者7个月前活动时出现胸闷和气喘,休息后可缓解,随后出现腹胀及纳差,在当地卫生院以"胃病"治疗,疗效差.     

病例182:急性肺水肿、低血压1例

正患者,女性,49岁,以"活动后胸闷气短5个月,加重半个月"为主诉入大连医科大学附属大连市中心医院(我院)。入院前5个月,患者常在活动或情绪激动后出现胸闷气短、心悸、颈咽部发紧,伴头痛、双上肢抖动,休息20~30min后逐步缓解,曾多次在发作间歇前往当地医院就诊,检查血压"正常或偏低",疑诊"癫     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.