间歇性外斜视临床分析

间歇性外斜视临床分析山西省眼科医院申长礼，米琳，范永太原市人民医院贾佩珩间歇性外斜视是介于外隐斜和共同性外斜之间的一种斜视类型。其斜视角由于受融合机能的影响、经常发生改变，临床上较为常见，尤以儿童发病较高。目前关于间歇性外斜视是否需要手术及手术时机和...     

间歇性外斜视的临床研究进展

间歇性外斜视是一种常见眼病,临床以手术治疗为主。但是,针对间歇性外斜视的自然病程、病情严重程度的评估、手术时机的选择和目标眼位的确定以及治疗方法的选择等问题还存在争议。本文对间歇性外斜视的临床研究进展作一综述,希冀为间歇性外斜视的早期发现、科学诊断和规范治疗提供依据。     

53例间歇性外斜视手术治疗后的临床观察

５３例间歇性外斜视手术治疗后的临床观察李晓林范珊间歇性外斜视是介于外隐斜和外斜视之间的一种斜视。其特点为在精神不集中、疲劳或长时间近距离阅读后转变成显性外斜视。间歇性外斜的发生可使已形成的双眼视觉功能遭到破坏，导致产生一系列的视觉和知觉紊乱，发生视网...     

间歇性外斜视的研究进展

间歇性外斜视是介于外隐斜与恒定性外斜视之间的一种斜视.起病较早,发病年龄通常为1岁到4岁.与其他类型的斜视不同,间歇性外斜视的儿童在很长一段时期内仍可维持正常眼位及双眼视功能,因此如何选择合适的干预时机及治疗方式对临床医师是个挑战.本文旨在回顾近年来间歇性外斜视的最新研究进展,重点对间歇性外斜视的严重度分级、非手术治疗方式、手术时机及手术方式、过矫及欠矫处理等方面的研究进展进行简要介绍,为间歇性外斜视的治疗提出改善化建议.     

间歇性外斜视的手术治疗

间歇性外斜视是介于外隐斜与恒定性外斜视之间的一种斜视,是儿童最常见的外斜视。起病较早,发病年龄通常为6月龄～ 4岁。与其他类型的斜视不同,间歇性外斜视的儿童在很长一段时期内仍可维持正常眼位和双眼视功能,因此如何选择合适的干预时机及治疗方式对临床医师是个挑战,同时手术方式的选择及术后效果也存在不同的观点。本文旨在对间歇性外斜视的发病机制和临床特征、手术时机和手术方式的选择进行简要介绍,为间歇性外斜视的治疗提供参考。     

间歇性外斜视的成因、分类及手术选择

间歇性外斜视是儿童多发眼病,延误治疗时机常变为交替性或恒常性外斜视,从而丧失两眼单视机能。鉴于目前对间歇性外斜视成因、分类及其治疗,文献上意见不一,作者根据临床30例分析,提出一些见解,今报告如下。材料及方法1.材料取自斜视弱视门诊,经临床检查确诊为间歇性外斜视的病例,分析其性     

间歇性外斜视与立体视觉

目的探讨间歇性外斜视与立体视觉关系。方法对１３２例间歇性外斜视有立体视觉者的临床资料进行分析。结果（１）间歇性外斜视以近立体视保存,远立体视大部分丧失为特征。（２）保存的近立体视锐度低于正常人群。（３）立体视锐度与斜视度大小间无用关性．（４）间歇性外斜视有立体视的病人双眼视力大致正常。结论间歇性外斜视术前检查立体视觉对手术时机选择有指导意义。     

正确认识儿童间歇性外斜视的非手术处理

间歇性外斜视是临床最常见的斜视类型,手术是其主要的治疗方式。对于年龄较小、检查欠配合、外斜视控制良好或不愿手术的患者,可以采用随访观察或其他非手术治疗。然而,由于对间歇性外斜视的自然病程、手术时机以及不同非手术治疗方法的适用对象、有效性和可能风险缺乏深入理解,针对儿童间歇性外斜视的处理,尤其非手术治疗还存在诸多误区。本...     

间歇性外斜视眼位控制力评分综述

在间歇性外斜视患者的管理中,眼位控制力至关重要,它是评价手术时机的重要参考指标及监测和判断病情发展严重程度的必要指标之一。因此,眼位控制能力的量化成为间歇性外斜视评估中的重要环节。本文旨在对间歇性外斜视患者眼位控制力评估方法做一综述,帮助临床医生对间歇性外斜视患者制定合理的治疗方案。     

间歇性外斜视临床研究与进展

间歇性外斜视是临床常见的一种斜视类型,因其发病率高、发病机制不明、手术后复发率高,一直是临床研究的热点。我们就间歇性外斜视病因、双眼视觉、治疗及术后双眼视功能重建的研究进展作一综述。     

Electrophysiological determination of the refractive state of the eye of the opossum

The refractive state of the eye of the South American opossum Didelphis marsupialis aurita was investigated with electrophysiological techniques. Using adult specimens, trapped from the wild, averaged cortical evoked responses were recorded from the region of projection of the central visual field. Stimuli consisted of a phase reversal of a square wave grating generated on a CRO screen, with luminance of 2.4 cd/m2 and contrast 0.84. The refractive state of the eye was altered by means of trial lenses and the amplitude of the cortical responses thus obtained compared to those obtained with no lens (control values). Refraction "tuning curves" were determined for each animal. The average refractive state was found to be -2.27 D indicating that this species when raised in its habitat shows, at low ambient luminosity, some degree of myopia. Determination of the Contrast Sensitivity Function indicate that induced ametropias lead to a reduction of the cut-off value of the spatial frequency and a loss of contrast sensitivity.     

Morphological studies about the efficiency of laser beams upon the structures of the angle of the anterior chamber

Working at a power density above optical breakdown threshold, irradiation effects upon the angle of the anterior chamber of the Macaca speciosa monkey by a Nd glass Q-switched laser, have been analysed with scanning electron microscopy.Two different damage effects can be identified: openings of Schlemm's canal and the creation of a cyclodialysis, that is opening the uveoscleral outflow routes; the latter may be a more effective one than the former. Also a third mechanism, namely a structural alteration of the trabecular meshwork, at the molecular level by laser action, has been inferred. The physical effects leading to optically induced mechanical damage are discussed. Applicability of such effects upon the morphological findings described here, is limited and to a greater part speculative. A better definition of the physical parameters, required for optimal therapeutical damage effects in the treatment of the wide angle glaucoma may be obtained by trial and error methods, which are guided by the results of electron microscopical analyses of samples obtained from in vivo and in vitro experiments.Work supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Commission for the Promotion of Scientific Research, and the ASUAG.     

Numerical study of the influence of the shell structure of the crystalline lens on the refractive properties of the human eye

In this paper, the numerical model of the refractive properties of the human eye is given. A special account is given of the laminated structure of the crystalline lens. The crystalline lens is presented in the form of hundreds of shells with rotational symmetry, and with the refractive index constant within each shell. The shells have the form of two semi-ellipsoids joined along the equator. The refractive index increases from the cortical shell to the inner one, according to the exponential dependency. The cornea, approximated by two ellipsoidal surfaces, is added in front of the crystalline lens. A ray-tracing procedure is applied to study the refractive properties of such a system: refractive power, spherical aberration and energy distribution. The optical properties of the given model are analysed by changing some parameters such as refractive index profile and number of shells. Calculations show that the gradient of the refractive index inside the crystalline lens results in the generation of many focal planes in such an optical system.     

Determination of the location of the fovea on the fundus

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the distance between optic nerve head and fovea in healthy eyes determined by scanning laser ophthalmoscope may facilitate estimation of the location of the fovea relative to the optic disc in patients with macular disease. METHODS: The angular distance was measured, in horizontal and vertical directions, between the center of the optic nerve head and the fovea in 104 eyes of 104 healthy probands. For additional evaluation of intraindividual variation in 70 of these persons the contralateral eye was measured as well. RESULTS: The distance between the optic disc and the fovea differed vertically more than horizontally (-1.5 +/- 0.9 degrees [-3.65 to +0.65 degrees ] vs. 15.5 +/- 1.1 degrees [13.0-17.9 degrees ]). There was a mean angle between the fovea and the center of the optic disc versus the horizon of -5.6 +/- 3.3 degrees. The intraindividual difference between right and left eyes was markedly lower, with average angles being 0.2 +/- 1.3 degrees vertically and 0.0 +/- 1.1 degrees horizontally. CONCLUSIONS: The distance between the optic nerve head and the fovea does not allow for a meaningful determination of the location of the fovea in eyes in which morphologic changes have occurred. The angle of rotation of the fovea relatively to the center of the optic nerve head is relatively stable. Therefore, the size of a central scotoma can be determined by movement of the blind spot according to the change of the preferred retinal locus (PRL). In addition, the knowledge of the location of the fovea enables determination of the position in the contralateral eye of the same patient.     

槲皮素的生物学活性研究进展

槲皮素具有广泛的生物学作用,有抗氧化及清除氧自由基作用、抗纤维化作用、抗肿瘤作用、能降低血压,保护心肌缺血再灌注损伤、抗病毒、镇痛及止泻等作用。     

Maturation of the electroretinogram of the neonatal rabbit

The development of the electroretinogram in the rabbit has been said to proceed with first the a-wave, then the b-wave and last the oscillatory potentials. The aim of our study was to reexamine this claim with special attention to the oscillatory potentials. Albino rabbits from the same litter were studied at weekly intervals for five weeks from the first week of life. A Grass photostimulator was used in light and dark adaptation and 50 amplified responses were averaged. Both 1–1000 Hz (electroretinogram) and 100–1000 Hz (oscillatory potential) band-widths were recorded simultaneously. The a-wave was the earliest signal to appear, at the second week of life. A rapid growth of the b-wave and oscillatory potentials was then noted between the second and third weeks, followed by a slower change. They evolved at the same rate, each with an increase in amplitude and decrease in peak time. The change in form of the b-wave was consistent with the sequential formation of each potential as the rabbit matured. The finding of simultaneous development of the b-wave and oscillatory potentials in the aging neonatal rabbit is contrary to previous reports.     

Characterization of the parasite-induced lesions in the posterior segment of the eye

Ocular lesions are frequently associated with different parasitic infections. The classes of infection include protozoa, nematodes, cestodes, and ectoparasites. Ocular parasitic infections can manifest in any part of the eye; the disease manifestations are frequently characterized as either posterior or anterior eye disease. Parasite-induced lesions may be due to damage directly caused by the parasite, indirect pathology caused by toxic products or the immune response initiated by infectious parasitism. This review characterized the parasite-induced lesions in the posterior segment of the eye. Prompt diagnosis and early treatment of these lesions can reduce ocular morbidity. The method of the literature search was conducted on PubMed, Elsevier Scopus database, and Google Scholar with no limitation on the year of publication databases. It was limited to English articles published for ocular lesions in clinical studies and was focused on parasitic infections of the eye.     

生活质量测定法在白内障摘除手术效果评价中的应用

生活质量作为全面体现患者各种行为能力的测定指标,涵盖了人体机能、心理和精神状态以及社会活动等多方面内容,近年来逐渐成为评价疾病治疗临床效果的常用指标。本文就与白内障视觉相关的生活质量测定方法和量表、白内障摘除手术后生活质量的结果及其影响因素、生活质量测定结果与其他视觉检查结果间的关系以及测定生活质量时应注意的问题等进行阐述。（中华眼科杂志,2005,41：858-860）     

On the relevance of the long-time follow-up of the cyclocryotherapy

In spite of the availability of cyclocryodestructive laser therapy there still appears to be an indication for cyclocryotherapy in different kinds of glaucoma. PURPOSE: Cyclocryotherapy very often appears to be the operation of choice in cases of progressive functional visual loss if a patient is not sufficiently helped with the maximum tolerated medical therapy. We investigated long-term IOP effects and possible complications in our group of patients undergoing cyclocryotherapy. PATIENTS: Cyclocryotherapy was performed on 109 eyes of 97 patients from 1988 to 1994. Cyclocryotherapy was performed as follows: 67 of 109 eyes were controlled for IOP for an average of 10 months (3-41 months). We applied cryotherapy six times 3-4 mm behind the limbus for an average duration of 50 to 60 s over half of the circumference. RESULTS: We achieved satisfactory IOP control (IOP K 22 mm Hg) in 40 eyes, however, with 30 additional operations. One eye developed phthisis bulbi, and 3 other eyes became blind because of complications in neovascular glaucomas. Neovascular glaucoma cases responded the least. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclocryotherapy produced a statistically significant IOP reduction in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma or secondary glaucoma. Close long-term follow-up appears advisable in order to check the eyes for possible increase in IOP or complications of surgery.     

Rehabilitation of the hemianopsia patient from the viewpoint of the ergotherapist

Hemianopsia, above all if it is associated with other neuropsychological deficits (neglect, disturbances of spatial orientation) is very disturbing for the patient in daily life. The patient has difficulty dressing, exhibits poor spatial orientation, has difficulty construing spatial relations or reading. Ergotherapy tries to combat all these disorders. There are various methods of treatment at the ergotherapist's disposal: activities of everyday life, such as self-help and household training, functional games, craft skills and neurotraining, which aims in particular at improving intellectual function. In a well-protected environment the patient learns to judge his or her capabilities correctly once again and to make the best of his or her strength or weaknesses in daily life.