不同运动素质青少年体格发育水平比较

目的了解高运动素质和低运动素质青少年的身体发育特点,为制定相应的干预措施提供依据。方法凡速度、爆发力、肌耐力、耐力跑和身体柔韧性均高于同性别、同年龄组均值为高运动素质,均低于同性别、同年龄组均值为低运动素质。对7~18岁高运动素质和低运动素质青少年进行筛检,比较高运动素质和低运动素质组青少年的身体发育水平。结果高运动素质青少年检出率男生为10.76%,女生为12.59%;低运动素质检出率男生为10.48%,女生为6.40%。高运动素质青少年体重、胸围、BMI显著低于低运动素质组,肺活量/体重指数显著高于低运动素质组;低运动素质组肥胖和超重检出率显著高于高运动素质组。结论高运动素质和低运动素质青少年的身体发育水平存在明显差别,肥胖和超重是造成运动素质下降的重要原因。     

科学素质和人文素质——知识经济时代科技期刊编辑的“双翼”

知识经济时代,科学素质和人文素质是人才综合素质的根本和基础。面向2l世纪的科技期刊编辑,必须未雨稠缪,重视提高科学素质和人文素质,以此带动综合素质的提高,迎接知识经济的挑战。     

关于构建大学生健康素质体系的思考

本文通过探讨健康、素质与健康素质的关系,指出影响健康状态变化的决定因素是人的健康素质,从理论上提出健康素质概念及其体系的内容和特征,指出健康活动是形成和发展人健康素质的中介,大学健康教育需要全面发展大学生的健康素质,提高大学生的健康水平和生活质量。     

临床医学专业本科生综合素质评价体系研究

目的 探讨临床医学专业本科生综合素质评价体系.方法 根据医学本科生综合素质评价体系的设置原则、医学本科生培养计划和大学生手册等资料,应用层次分析法构建了临床医学专业本科生综合素质评价体系,该体系由思想道德素质、文化素质、身心素质和创新素质4个部分组成,并确定了每个部分具体的评价指标.结果 确定了临床医学专业本科生综合素质评价体系中4个部分的权重及每个部分所包含具体指标的权重,实证分析结果表明临床医学专业本科生综合素质评价体系能够判断不同学生综合素质的差别.结论 临床医学专业本科生综合素质评价体系具有科学性和实用性.     

青年职工素质提升工程的实践与效果

无锡市第四人民院团委针对青年职工素质方面暴露出的一些问题,着重从职业价值素质、业务技能素质、科研学术素质、文化内涵素质4个方面,在青年职工中开展了"青年素质提升工程",积极探索青年素质提升工程的方法和效果评价方法。     

提高科研人员信息素质 促进医院科研发展

针对医院科研人员整体信息素质相对偏低的现状,论述了信息素质的内涵和科研人员信息素质培养的重要性,并提出了科研人员信息素质培养的方式,为医院科研人员信息素质培养提供参考,促进医院科研的发展。     

提高护士人文素质 确保护理安全和质量

目的探讨护士人文素质在确保护理安全,提高护理质量中的作用。方法分析目前护士人文素质水平和现状,认识提高人文素质的重要性。结果人文素质是促进和谐护患关系建立的基础,是提高整体护理质量、保证护理安全的依据,是促进护士素质全面发展和提升的保证。结论加强护士人文素质培养,规范护理流程,注重操作环节,为营造和谐人文环境,促进护理安全和质量做出重要贡献。     

加强军校医学生信息素质教育的几点做法

21世纪是知识经济和信息化的社会,更是一个教育型社会。信息素质包括信息意识、信息能力和信息道德3个方面,既是一种能力素质,更是一种基础素质,是21世纪新人所必须具备的基本素养之一。信息素质是军校医学生适应军队信息化要求和军队医疗卫生事业发展的支撑点。本文在了解医学信息素质的内涵的基础上,探讨新时代培养军校医学生的信息素质的必要性和实施策略。     

现代医院医务人员素质谈

素质是指人的先天的解剖生理特点,主要是感觉器官和神经系统方面的特点,特别是大脑的本质特征。在先天的基础上,受后天的教育训练、生产实践、社会实践、科学文化实践、环境影响,并通过自身努力而逐步形成的活动能力、基本品质和素养。现代通常讲的素质,是指人们所从事的某个行业某项工作应具备的基本条件和内在特征。现代医院医务人员应具备的素质,主要有政治素质、管理素质、专业技术素质、思想道德素质、科学文化素质、健康与体能素质等。     

推拿功法对非体育专业大学生力量素质的影响

力量素质是指人的身体或某一部分肌肉工作时克服内外阻力的能力[1],基本决定人体运动速度素质的提高、耐力素质的增长、柔韧素质的发挥和灵敏素质的表现.大学生正处于快速发育和趋于成熟的阶段,身体的力量、速度、耐力、柔韧和灵敏等功能素质也都明显增强[2].但目前大学生的体质健康水平不容乐观[3],身体素质处于下降趋势.     

当前儿童家庭教育中存在的问题

作总结出中国当前儿童家庭教育中存在的６个问题：家长往往仅注重孩子的个体而轻视孩子的生活群体,注重孩子的“产出”而忽视合理有效的“投入”,注重孩子的行为而忽视自身的教育方法,注重孩子的体质而忽视其心理素质,注重孩子的学习而轻视他们的能力培养,注重孩子的智力而忽视非智力的培养。     

Preschoolers in America are Touched Less and are More Aggressive Than Preschoolers in France

Forty French and American preschool children were observed on playgrounds with their parents and peers. The American parents watched and touched their children less than the French parents. The American children played with their parents, talked with and touched their parents less and were more aggressive toward their parents. During peer interactions the American children also showed less touching their peers and more grabbing their peers' toys, more aggression toward their peers and more fussing.     

Breastfeeding in Depressed Mother-Infant Dyads

Depressed versus non-depressed mothers were interviewed on their breastfeeding practices and perceptions of their infants' feeding behavior when their infants were eight-months-old. The depressed mothers less often breastfed, they stopped breastfeeding their infants significantly earlier in infancy and they scored lower on a breastfeeding confidence scale. Independent of maternal depression, mothers who breastfed rather than bottle fed their infants had higher confidence levels and rated their infants as less alert and less irritable during feedings.     

Breastfeeding in Depressed Mother-Infant Dyads

Depressed versus non-depressed mothers were interviewed on their breastfeeding practices and perceptions of their infants' feeding behavior when their infants were eight-months-old. The depressed mothers less often breastfed, they stopped breastfeeding their infants significantly earlier in infancy and they scored lower on a breastfeeding confidence scale. Independent of maternal depression, mothers who breastfed rather than bottle fed their infants had higher confidence levels and rated their infants as less alert and less irritable during feedings.     

Nutrition counseling in the promoting cancer prevention in primary care study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the influence of personal and practice-level factors on physicians' dietary counseling practices. METHODS: Primary care physicians (n = 130) were surveyed regarding the frequency that they "ask" patients about their diet, "assess" patients' reasons for and against dietary changes, "advise" patients to eat less fat and more fiber, "assist" patients in changing their diet, and "arrange" a follow-up contact to discuss their diet. In addition, physicians were asked their personal dietary practices, counseling confidence, practice demographics, and medical specialty. RESULTS: Physicians who (a) reported consistently avoiding dietary fat, (b) were more confident in their diet counseling abilities, and (c) were sole owners of their practice were more likely to counsel than physicians who were employees or part owners of the practice. For example, physicians who reported consistently avoiding dietary fat (50.7% of physicians) were 3.2 (95% CI: 1.3-7.9) times more likely to "ask" their patients about their diet and 3.5 (95% CI: 1.5-8.6) times likely to "advise" their patients to eat less fat and more fiber. CONCLUSIONS: Given the strong and consistent effects of a physician's dietary pattern on their counseling practices, future studies should examine the impact of modifying a physician's diet on their patients' dietary behavior.     

Confrontation in the climacteric.

Why is an increasing number of women dissatisfied with their doctors' help in their climacteric? Why do so many object to hormone replacement therapy (HRT)? Why do they generally feel it is not 'natural'? Though many object to getting old, want to continue flaunting their 'eternal youth', many more, women and men, embrace retirement, wish to rest and slow down. There is no mistaking these extremes, for while the first grasp at every possible treatment, the last are but seldom medically seen. It is the middle majority, their demands, censure, disapproval, even open confrontation with those who try to help them which is difficult to understand. This paper briefly reviews the manner in which Western climacteric women have, during two hundred, but mainly last fifty, years confronted their world: their protests at societal attitudes, their private marital conflicts, their demands of doctors and, finally, their present criticism of them. It also pays detailed attention to the key concept of 'natural' treatment. Finally it suggests that much of present climacteric confrontation is a displacement activity, born of concurrent conflicting desires for both youth and retirement, rather than aimed specifically at doctors.     

Physician attitudes and behavior in response to changes in Medicare reimbursement policies

BACKGROUND. Rapidly changing Medicare reimbursement policies since 1983 have affected every primary care physician. This study has attempted to quantify the attitudes and behaviors of Ohio primary care physicians toward these changes. METHODS. In Ohio, 1758 primary care physicians were surveyed by a mailed questionnaire about their attitudes toward recent changes in Medicare reimbursement policies and the resulting changes in their practices. RESULTS. More than 80% of respondents termed most Medicare policies as "objectionable" or "very objectionable." Fifty percent were limiting the number of Medicare patients in their practices. Family physicians and physicians who perceived their income to have decreased and their staff workload to have increased were also more likely to limit the number of Medicare patients in their practices. CONCLUSIONS. Ohio primary care physicians have a negative opinion of Medicare reimbursement policies and have limited their practices significantly as a result.     

Male engagement in women's microbicide use in Kenya: Navigating gender norms

The success of women's microbicide use for HIV/AIDS prevention may hinge on health programs' ability to engage men to support it. In this qualitative study in Kenya, most women did not or would not tell their partners prior to initiating use, and/or would use despite their objections. Men generally did not agree with this, yet male partners of trial participants who discovered that their partners were using microbicides without their knowledge did not seem concerned. Findings suggest that efforts to engage men in microbicide use should avoid “awakening” patriarchal gender norms, and support women to use microbicides without involving their partners.     

Implicit exchanges in family caregiving for frail elders in Taiwan

In this study, the authors use in-depth interviews with inductive analysis to develop a conceptual framework for exploring social exchanges and their implicit calculations for caregivers in Taiwan. They interviewed 12 caregivers, based on theory-based sampling and maximum variation. They found some components of implicit exchanges of the caregivers, and drew a framework to describe it. At the beginning of care, motivations were mostly from obligation accompanied by reciprocity or repaying motives. In the process of caregiving, some unique, implicit cultural implicit exchanges were found, such as karma, a demonstrative behavior to investment, equitable share of responsibility, and the pressure or rewards from public opinion. These implicit exchanges might be intermediary factors in helping caregivers cope with their burden or even in influencing their continuation of care. The findings are implicated to help family caregivers continue their care and not damage their quality of care.