Lamivudine and Famciclovir resistant hepatitis B virus associated with fatal hepatic failure.

BACKGROUND: Lamivudine (LMV) is the only nucleoside analogue approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). LMV, as with other nucleoside analogues including Famciclovir (FCV), suppresses the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) by targeting the viral polymerase. However, prolonged antiviral therapy results in the emergence of drug resistance HBV which can contribute to virological breakthroughs and recurrent hepatitis flares. OBJECTIVES: A 38-year-old hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive Chinese female infected with genotype B HBV commenced treatment with FCV and LMV combination therapy but was later maintained on LMV monotherapy. The patient remained HBeAg positive throughout treatment. Virological breakthrough occurred with the emergence of drug resistant HBV. This coincided with worsening liver function and the patient died of subacute fulminant hepatitis. This study evaluated the virological factors that contributed to the clinical decline of the patient. STUDY DESIGN: Biochemical analysis and full-length HBV genomic sequencing were performed on serial serum samples collected from the patient before and during antiviral therapy. RESULTS: Virological analysis revealed that the pre-treatment dominant HBV quasispecies in the patient had a number of non-consensus genotype B mutations which were located in the basal core promoter (BCP), polymerase, X, core and S genes. Subsequent to the instigation of antiviral therapy, the dominant drug resistant HBV which caused virological breakthrough and was associated with hepatic failure displayed a series of unique mutations particularly in the BCP (A1762T and G1764A) and in the polymerase (rtL180M, rtM204V, rtA222T and rtL336V), core (cP5T, cS26A, cV85I and cP135A), surface (sI195M and sM213I) and X (xK95Q, xN118T, xK130M and xV131I) proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring for the accumulation of unique mutations within the genome of drug resistant HBV mutants isolated during long term antiviral therapy appears warranted in the clinical management of patients with CHB.     

Multidrug‐resistant hepatitis B virus resulting from sequential monotherapy with lamivudine,adefovir, and entecavir: Clonal evolution during lamivudine plus adefovir therapy

Whether multidrug‐resistant (MDR) hepatitis B virus (HBV) harbors mutations co‐located in the same HBV clones that confer reduced sensitivity to antiviral therapy remains uncertain. This study investigated the evolution of MDR HBV strains developed from sequential monotherapy with lamivudine (LAM), adefovir (ADV), and entecavir (ETV) during LAM plus ADV salvage therapy. Sera were obtained from six patients who had developed sequential resistance to LAM, ADV, and ETV before and during LAM plus ADV therapy. The HBV genomes from each patient were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. Among 6 sets of 20 clones obtained before salvage therapy, all clones harbored the rtM204V mutation, and ETV‐resistant mutations were detected with the rtM204V in 108 clones. The rtA181 mutation was not detected at baseline, but emerged in five patients during therapy. Among 9 sets of 20 clones obtained during salvage therapy, 39 clones harbored rtA181T/V ± rtN236T mutations, which were detected in the absence of rtM204 and ETV‐resistant mutations in 37 clones (94.9%). Only two clones (5.1%) harbored both rtA181T/V and ETV‐resistant mutations. The rtA181T/V mutation emerged after reversion from ETV‐resistant mutants to wild‐type HBV. Five patients achieved a partial virologic response to LAM plus ADV therapy. In conclusion, the majority of MDR mutations existed in different genomes. Suboptimal response to LAM plus ADV therapy may not result from the co‐localization of MDR HBV mutations in the same genome, but instead the low antiviral potency of these drugs. Thus, more potent antiviral drug combinations may be an effective salvage therapy for patients infected with MDR HBV. J. Med. Virol. 85:55–64, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Restoration of replication phenotype of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants by compensatory changes in the "fingers" subdomain of the viral polymerase selected as a consequence of mutations in the overlapping S gene

The introduction of lamivudine (LMV) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection has been an important advance in the management of this disease. However, the long-term efficacy of LMV may become limited by the emergence of antiviral-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants. The two most common LMV-resistant mutants produce changes in the viral polymerase protein (rt) of rtM204I and rtL180M/M204V (previously rtM550I and rtL526M/M550V). A number of studies have demonstrated that these HBV mutants appear to be replication impaired, both in vitro and in vivo. The detection and selection of compensatory mutations in the polymerase protein that restore the replication phenotype of these HBV mutants have been poorly described to date. The effects of mutations in the fingers subdomain of the viral polymerase protein arising as a consequence of vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIg) selected changes in the overlapping envelope gene (S), and a determinant of the hepatitis Bs antigen (HBsAg) were analyzed in vitro. The LMV-resistant HBV mutants rtM204I and rtL180M/M204V produced substantially weaker HBV DNA replicative intermediate signals by Southern blot analysis and less total intracellular HBV DNA by real-time PCR compared to wild-type virus. The viral polymerase protein of these mutants produced little detectable radiolabeled HBV DNA in an endogenous polymerase assay. In contrast, the HBV a determinant HBIg/vaccine escape mutants sP120T, sT123N, sG145R, and sD144E/G145R (that produce rtT128N, Q130P, rtW153Q, and rtG153E respectively) yielded as much virus as wild-type HBV while the sM133L (rtY141S) mutant was replication impaired. Two of these mutants, rtT128N and rtW153Q, when introduced into a replication-competent HBV vector containing the rtL180M/M204V polymerase mutation restored the replication phenotype of this LMV-resistant mutant. These viruses produced levels of intracellular HBV DNA as determined by Southern blot and real-time PCR that were comparable to those of wild-type HBV, indicating that the changes in the fingers subdomain were able to compensate for the reduced replication of the LMV-resistant mutations. Since these viruses carry mutations in the a determinant of HBsAg that may potentially decrease the ability of anti-HBs antibody to neutralize these viruses, these HBV mutants also have the potential to behave as vaccine escape mutants.     

Antiviral efficacy of combination therapy with entecavir and adefovir for entecavir/lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus with or without adefovir resistance

There is little clinical information on the management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) that is resistant to multiple drugs including entecavir (ETV). The present retrospective cohort study assessed the antiviral efficacy of ETV/adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) combination therapy for ETV-resistant HBV with prior lamivudine (LAM) resistance, and either with or without previous ADV resistance. The cumulative probability of achieving a virological response (undetectable serum HBV DNA) was compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Breslow method. Seventeen patients with ETV-resistant HBV who were treated with ETV/ADV combination therapy for at least 6 months at a tertiary care center, were included; seven had dual resistance to ETV and LAM [ADV-r(-) group] and 10 had triple resistance to ETV, LAM, and ADV [ADV-r(+) group]. The median follow-up period was 9 months (range, 6-23). A virological response was noted in seven patients after a median of 3 months (range, 3-12) of treatment; five in the ADV-r(-) group and two in the ADV-r(+) group. The cumulative probability of a virological response was significantly higher in the ADV-r(-) group than in the ADV-r(+) group (6 months cumulative probability, 57.1% vs. 11.1%). In conclusion, ETV/ADV combination therapy led to virological responses in five of seven patients with resistance to ETV and LAM, but a significantly poorer response in patients with prior ADV resistance than in those without prior ADV resistance. Therefore, ETV/ADV combination therapy could be a useful therapeutic option for ETV- and LAM-resistant HBV without prior ADV resistance.     

Hepatitis B surface antigen levels at 6 months after treatment can predict the efficacy of lamivudine-adefovir combination therapy in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B

Background/Aims

Quantitation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is an increasingly popular method to determine the treatment response in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The clinical value of HBsAg level measurement during rescue therapy for lamivudine (LMV)-resistant CHB patients have not been evaluated to date. Therefore, this study investigated the correlation between HBsAg level and treatment response in LMV-resistant CHB patients treated with adefovir (ADV) add-on therapy.

Methods

LMV-resistant CHB patients treated with LMV-ADV combination therapy for over 2 years were included. HBsAg levels were measured at 6 month intervals until 1 year, and annually thereafter. Treatment response was assessed by determining the virological response (VR, undetectable HBV DNA levels) during treatment.

Results

Fifty patients were included, of which 40 showed a VR. HBsAg levels were not different significantly at baseline (4.0 vs. 3.6 Log10 IU/mL, P=0.072). However, the HBsAg level decreased after 6 months of treatment in patients with a VR and became different significantly between the groups thereafter (3.9 vs. 3.3 at 6 months, P=0.002; 3.8 vs. 3.2 at 1 year, P=0.004; 3.9 vs. 3.2 at 2 years, P=0.008; 3.7 vs. 3.1 at 3 years, P =0.020).

Conclusions

The HBsAg level at 6 months after treatment can help predict treatment response.     

Association of intrahepatic cccDNA reduction with the improvement of liver histology in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving oral antiviral agents

Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is difficult to eradicate using current antiviral therapy. This study compares cccDNA reduction with relation to liver histology in nucleoside/nucleotide‐naïve chronic hepatitis B patients receiving oral antiviral monotherapy (n = 35), including entecavir (ETV, n = 13), adefovir dipivoxil (ADV, n = 22) or placebo (n = 14). Serum HBV DNA, intrahepatic total HBV DNA and cccDNA are quantified. Histological hepatic examination is performed at baseline and at 48 weeks of treatment. Treatment with ETV or ADV shows significant median reduction in serum HBV DNA (?6.21 and ?4.27 log₁₀ copies/mL) and intrahepatic total HBV DNA (?1.69 and ?1.23 log₁₀ copies/cell). Intrahepatic cccDNA levels are reduced slightly in the ETV and the ADV groups, but do not differ statistically from the placebo group (?0.17 vs. ?0.01 vs. 0.02 copies/cell). Only the level of intrahepatic cccDNA correlates with Knodell necroinflammation activity (r = 0.527, P < 0.001) and Ishak fibrosis severity (r = 0.348, P = 0.015) before treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicates that treatment‐induced cccDNA reduction is associated with improved necroinflammation (P = 0.041) and fibrosis (P = 0.026). In conclusion, baseline intrahepatic cccDNA loads correlate with histologic activity. Although one‐year ETV or ADV treatment is insufficient for cccDNA eradication, oral antiviral therapies may improve liver histology, probably by suppressing intrahepatic cccDNA. J. Med. Virol. 83:602–607, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

High efficacy of adefovir and entecavir combination therapy in patients with nucleoside-refractory hepatitis B

Background/Aims

Newly developed and potent antiviral agents suffer from the problem of drug resistance. Multidrug resistance is a major impediment in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In line with American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines, adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) add-on therapy is recommended in the case of lamivudine resistance, while tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is recommended for ADV or entecavir (ETV) resistance. TDF is currently not available in Korea. ADV+ETV combination therapy may be a viable alternative to TDF in patients with either ADV or ETV resistance. However, the efficacy of ADV+ETV combination therapy in patients with CHB and multidrug resistance is unclear. This study investigated the efficacy of ADV+ETV combination therapy in patients with multidrug resistance.

Methods

Twenty-five patients were enrolled and were administered ADV+ETV combination therapy for at least 6 months. Blood was drawn at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after commencing treatment, and the following blood parameters were analyzed: alanine transaminase, hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg), anti-hepatitis B e-antigen, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels. The initial virological response (IVR) was defined as an HBV DNA level of <4 log₁₀ copies/mL after 6 months of combination therapy.

Results

The IVR rate was 76%. The proportion of patients with a high viral load (≥5.0 log) dropped from 76% at baseline to only 5% after 6 months of treatment. The biochemical response rate during the first 6 months was 71%. HBeAg was lost in 2 patients (10%).

Conclusions

ADV+ETV combination therapy induced a good IVR in CHB patients who were refractory to more than 2 antiviral agents. This regimen may be a good alternative to TDF in Korea, where that drug is not available.     

Scoring system for risk stratification of viral reactivation during prophylactic antiviral treatment in Korean patients with hepatitis B undergoing anticancer chemotherapy: A multicenter study

Prophylactic antiviral therapy is recommended for hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐infected patients with malignancies who are undergoing systemic chemotherapy. In the current study, we aimed to develop a risk scoring system to guide the selection of prophylactic antiviral agents. In this retrospective analysis, we included consecutive chronic hepatitis B patients who received antiviral prophylaxis for chemotherapy of solid or hematologic malignancies at three large‐volume hospitals in Korea. The primary endpoint was HBV reactivation. The inverse probability treatment weighting method was used to minimize selection bias in terms of antiviral assignments. A total of 419 patients were enrolled: 129 patients received lamivudine (LAM), 216 received telbivudine (LdT), and 74 received entecavir (ETV), respectively. Of these, 36 patients developed on‐treatment HBV reactivation (LAM, 17; LdT, 18; ETV, 1). Multivariate analysis identified three independent predictors for reactivation: hepatitis B e‐antigen positivity, HBV DNA level, and type of malignancy. Accordingly, a risk scoring system was developed wherein one point was assigned for each of the risk factors. HBV reactivation occurred more frequently in the high‐risk group (score ≥ 2) than in the low‐risk group (hazards ratio, 14.17; P < 0.001). ETV exhibited superior prophylactic efficacy over LdT or LAM in the high‐risk group, whereas no significant difference was noted in the low‐risk group. The prognostic scoring system was useful for risk stratification of chemotherapy‐related HBV reactivation. High genetic barrier agents appear to be vital for high‐risk patients, whereas cost‐effectiveness may be more relevant for low‐risk patients.     

Outcome after discontinuing antiviral agents during pregnancy in women infected with hepatitis B virus

BackgroundWomen who are taking antiviral agents and become pregnant have several options that include, continuing therapy, ceasing drugs, or switching to safer drugs. However, there are limited data on the outcome in pregnant women after withdrawal of antiviral agents.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the outcome of stopping antiviral agents in pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.Study designIn this single-center, retrospective cohort study, 12 pregnant patients who had received antiviral therapy for HBV and cease drugs after awareness of pregnancy between 2003 and 2010 were enrolled. We retrospectively studied virologic and biochemical flares during pregnancy and postpartum period.ResultsMedian age at pregnancy was 30.5 (range, 24–35) years, median duration of antiviral drug before pregnancy was 15.3 (range, 3.0–131.3) months, and median HBV DNA at withdrawal of therapy was 4.8 (range, 1.7–8.0) log₁₀ copies/mL. Eight out of twelve patients (66.7%) had a viral rebound after stopping antiviral drugs during pregnancy. Severe hepatitis flares, defined as a 5-fold increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), were observed in six patients (50%) during pregnancy. However, all of these patients spontaneously recovered without an event of hepatic decompensation. High pretreatment ALT was associated with severe hepatitis flares after cessation of therapy during pregnancy. Five patients with at least 1-year treatment before pregnancy maintained low hepatitis activity after delivery.ConclusionsPregnant women with high pretreatment ALT or those treated less than 1 year before pregnancy have high risk of severe hepatitis flares after cessation of antiviral agents.     

Delayed Reduction of Hepatitis B Viral Load and Dynamics of Adefovir-Resistant Variants during Adefovir plus Entecavir Combination Rescue Therapy

Objective: Entecavir (ETV) added to adefovir (ADV) is recommended in the consensus for management of patients with ADV resistance. However, little attention has been focused on the delayed reduction of HBV DNA and dynamics of ADV-resistant variants during ADV-ETV combination rescue therapy in the clinical setting. We characterized the dynamics of viral load and resistant variants in nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs)-naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients during antiviral treatment with ADV monotherapy followed by ADV-ETV combination therapy.Methods: A cohort of 55 CHB patients was enrolled in this study. Three NAs-naïve patients developed ADV-resistant variants during 24-33 months of ADV monotherapy, and then switched to ADV-ETV combination therapy. Thirty-five serial serum samples from these three patients were regularly collected during treatment. Ten mutants associated with commonly used antiviral drugs were detected by pyrosequencing.Results: HBV DNA decreased to the lowest level during ADV monotherapy at 6-18 months, with a decrease of 0.95-5.51 log₁₀ copies/mL, whereas rtA181V or rtN236T gradually increased with extended therapy. HBV DNA decreased to below the detectable level during ADV-ETV combination therapy at 21-24 months, with a decrease of 4.19-4.65 log₁₀ copies/mL. Resistant rtA181V and rtN236T were undetectable after 21-24 months of combination therapy. Moreover, no LAM-resistant rtM204I/V or ETV-resistant variants were detected during the 27-36 months of combination therapy.Conclusion: Although ADV-resistant variants were suppressed, viral load reduction was delayed during ADV-ETV combination rescue therapy in patients with ADV-resistant HBV. The quantification of resistant variants by pyrosequencing may facilitate monitoring of antiviral therapy.     

Switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate vs continuing treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B who maintain long-term virological response to entecavir therapy: A randomized trial

No controlled trial in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on long-term entecavir (ETV) treatment, comparing switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) with continuing the therapy, has been reported. Twenty-seven nucleos(t)ide-naïve patients with chronic HBV who underwent ETV therapy for ≥5 years and maintained virological response were included and randomized into two groups: one group continued ETV, and the other switched to TDF, in a 1:2 ratio. The primary endpoint was changed from baseline in serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level at week 48. The baseline characteristics were not different between nineteen patients in the TDF group and eight patients in the ETV group. Mean decreases in HBsAg level at week 48 were 0.023 and 0.042 log₁₀ IU/mL in the TDF and ETV groups, respectively (P = 0.94). The mean drops in hepatitis B core-related antigens were also not different between the TDF and ETV groups at week 48 (P = 0.80). HBV DNA was sustainedly <2.1 log ₁₀ copies/mL in all patients throughout the study period. In contrast, the mean aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in the TDF group than in the ETV group at weeks 12, 24, and 36, although being within the reference range. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was lower in the TDF group than in the ETV group at weeks 24 (P = 0.016) and 48 (P = 0.003). In conclusion, we could not find the effect on reducing HBsAg level by switching to TDF in chronic hepatitis B patients with maintained virological response to ETV for ≥5 years.     

恩替卡韦治疗慢性重型乙型肝炎的病例对照研究

目的 评估恩替卡韦(ETV)治疗慢性重型乙型肝炎的疗效及安全性.方法 选择78例HBV DNA阳性慢性重型乙型肝炎分为ETV治疗组、对照组各39例.ETV组采用与对照组相同的内科综合治疗,并予ETC抗病毒治疗.检测两组肝功能、PTA、HBV DNA载量变化,记录不良事件.于第12周比较两组治疗有效率,并对ETV组有效与无效病例的基线情况进行比较分析.结果 ETV组、对照组的基线特征相似.12周时ETV组治疗有效率56.41%,对照组33.33%(P=0.0405).重肝早期患者中,ETV组治疗有效率明显高于对照组(P=0.0275),而中、晚期无明显差异(P=0.4687).ETV治疗有效与无效病例的基线比较结果显示:两组间年龄、胆红素、HBV DNA载量以及病情分期、肝硬化比例差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而胆碱酯酶、甲胎蛋白水平及性别、腹水、HBeAg阳性比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).ETV治疗期间,无明显不良反应发生.结论 ETV在慢性重型乙型肝炎早期应用可以提高疗效,但对中期和晚期的疗效可能没有影响.其疗效可能与年龄、重肝分期、岛焖厮健BV DNA载量、是否合并肝硬化有关.ETV治疗慢性重型乙型肝炎有较好的安全性.     

Long-term outcomes of two rescue therapies in lamivudine-refractory patients with chronic hepatitis B: combined lamivudine and adefovir,and 1-mg entecavir

Background/Aims

Adefovir (ADV) and lamivudine (LAM) combination therapy (ADV+LAM) has been a useful option for patients with LAM-resistant (LAM-r) chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, the long-term outcomes of LAM+ADV and 1-mg entecavir (ETV) rescue therapies have still been limited. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term outcomes of these two rescue therapies.

Methods

Sixty patients with LAM-r CHB underwent rescue therapy with LAM+ADV (n=36) or 1-mg ETV (n=24). We determined the duration of rescue therapy, timing and type of mutation, undetectable serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by PCR (lower limitation of detection, < 140 copies/mL), biochemical response (alanine aminotransferase < 40 IU/mL), and the incidence of hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion and virologic breakthrough.

Results

Baseline characteristics did not differ between the two therapy groups. The duration of rescue therapy was 56 months (range, 14-100 months) in the ADV+LAM group and 42 months (range, 12-73 months) in the ETV group (P=0.036). The cumulative rates of HBV DNA undetectability and HBeAg seroconversion up to 6 years were 88.6% and 43.0%, respectively, in the ADV+LAM group, and 45.8% and 31.8% in the ETV group. The rate of virologic breakthrough and resistance was 14.4% in the ADV+LAM group and 71.9% in the ETV group (P=0.001).

Conclusions

Combination of LAM and ADV therapy for up to 6 years achieved modest rates of virological suppression and resistance. ETV is not an optimal therapy because the risk of viral breakthrough to ETV increases over time.     

Full-length hepatitis B virus sequences from naïve patients with fluctuation of viral load during ADV monotherapy

The reasons for adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment failures appear diverse. Few studies have reported full-length hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome in patients with ADV treatment failures. The patients were from a phase III clinical trial that investigated the antiviral response to ADV in China. Seven patients had increase in HBV-DNA (>1 log₁₀ copies/ml above on-treatment nadir) at week 52. The serum HBV-DNA levels were above 10⁴copies/ml at week 92 in four of them. Sixteen full-length HBV genomes from the four patients at four time points were sequenced using cloning sequencing method. The frequency of substitutions at week 52 was higher than at weeks 28(16 wt) and 92(80). HBV-DNA reduction was correlated negatively with the frequency of substitutions at the three time points. No published ADV-resistant mutations were detected. The mutations, including substitutions in immunogenic epitopes and conserved sites of the polymerase gene, were frequent during ADV treatment. Amino acid deletions in X gene and basal core promoter/pre-core mutations appeared before or during ADV treatment. The substitutions in immunogenic epitopes (mainly of the surface gene) and conserved sites of the polymerase gene other than ADV-resistant mutations may have influenced antiviral efficacy in the study. More potent antiviral drugs may be important to rescue individual patients and for public health safety. It is needed to study how these substitutions influence HBV replication, disease progression, and antiviral treatment efficacy.     

阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎96周疗效观察

目的 观察阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者96周的临床疗效.方法 选取慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者80例,予阿德福韦酯(1mg/d)抗病毒治疗;服药12周时行HBV DNA检测,无早期应答者(病毒载量下降<2 log10拷贝/ml)予改用其他核苷类药物.疗程96周,观察血清转氨酶(ALT)复常率、HBV DNA阴转率、HBeAg消失率和HBeAg血清转换率.结果 61例有早期应答患者在治疗第96周时ALT复常率达85.25%(52/61),HBV DNA阴转率为95.08%(58/61),HBeAg消失率为51.52%(17/33),而HBeA8血清转换率为42.42%(14/33);治疗至96周时有2例发生病毒学反弹.19例于12周时因无早期应答而改用其他核苷类似物患者,96周时的ALT复常率为57.89%(11/19),HBV DNA阴转率为68.42%(13/19),HBeAg消失率及HBeAg血清转换率均为58.33%(7/12).结论 阿德福韦酯对慢性乙型肝炎患者能有效抑制HBV复制,长期服用有较好疗效;对无早期应答病例及早换药有助提高疗效.     

阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎96周疗效观察

目的 观察阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者96周的临床疗效.方法 选取慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者80例,予阿德福韦酯(1mg/d)抗病毒治疗;服药12周时行HBV DNA检测,无早期应答者(病毒载量下降<2 log10拷贝/ml)予改用其他核苷类药物.疗程96周,观察血清转氨酶(ALT)复常率、HBV DNA阴转率、HBeAg消失率和HBeAg血清转换率.结果 61例有早期应答患者在治疗第96周时ALT复常率达85.25%(52/61),HBV DNA阴转率为95.08%(58/61),HBeAg消失率为51.52%(17/33),而HBeA8血清转换率为42.42%(14/33);治疗至96周时有2例发生病毒学反弹.19例于12周时因无早期应答而改用其他核苷类似物患者,96周时的ALT复常率为57.89%(11/19),HBV DNA阴转率为68.42%(13/19),HBeAg消失率及HBeAg血清转换率均为58.33%(7/12).结论 阿德福韦酯对慢性乙型肝炎患者能有效抑制HBV复制,长期服用有较好疗效;对无早期应答病例及早换药有助提高疗效.     

Association of lamivudine‐resistant mutational patterns with the antiviral effect of adefovir in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Adefovir has a potent antiviral activity as a rescue treatment against lamivudine‐resistant strains. The aim of this study was to assess the patterns of lamivudine‐resistant mutations and their influence on the virologic response to adefovir rescue therapy in patients with lamivudine‐resistant chronic hepatitis B. Sixty‐seven patients with lamivudine‐resistant chronic hepatitis B were treated with adefovir monotherapy. Baseline blood samples were analyzed for lamivudine‐resistant mutations via restriction fragment mass polymorphism. Virologic responses, ALT normalization and loss of HBeAg were assessed. Serum HBV DNA levels were measured using real‐time PCR at baseline and 24 weeks of adefovir therapy. Of the 67 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 65 patients (97%) had lamivudine‐resistant mutations in the YMDD motif [27 (41%) rtM204I, 22 (34%) rtM204V, and 16 (25%) rtM204I/V]. In addition to the YMDD mutations, the rtL180M, rtL80I, and rtV173L mutations were also present in 78%, 43%, and 11% of patients, respectively. The rtM204V mutation always accompanied rtL180M, and rtL80I was always observed in conjunction with rtM204I. Decrease in mean serum HBV did not differ between patients carrying the rtM204I versus rtM204V mutant at week 24 (?3.3 vs. ?3.3 log₁₀ copies/ml, respectively; P = 0.303). The presence of the rtL180M, rtL80I, and rtV173L did not significantly affect viral load reduction during adefovir administration. These results demonstrate that the rtL80I mutant is co‐selected with rtM204I as a compensatory mutation in the same manner as rtL180M with rtM204V, and that adefovir shows similar antiviral efficacy against all of the evaluated patterns of lamivudine‐resistant HBV mutations. J. Med. Virol. 81:417–424, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

HBeAg阴性乙型肝炎ACLF患者的临床特征及抗病毒治疗短期疗效

目的 观察HBeAg阴性乙型肝炎慢加急性肝衰竭患者的临床特征及应用恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗的短期疗效.方法 132例HBeAg阴性和51例HBeAg阳性乙型肝炎慢加急性肝衰竭患者,分为常规治疗组及抗病毒治疗组,抗病毒组在常规内科治疗基础上加用恩替卡韦0.5 mg/d治疗,比较两组患者临床特征、病死率及抗病毒治疗短期疗效差异.结果 与HBeAg阳性组比较,HBeAg阴性组年龄较大(P=0.001),血清HBV DNA定量较低(P=0.001).HBeXS阴性组与HBeAg阳性组肝衰竭分期构成比及常规治疗病死率比较无差异.应用恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗时HBeAg阴性组生存率为54.24%,高于常规治疗组(35.62%),P=0.032,低于HBeAg阳性抗病毒组(80.00%),P=0.004.HBeAg阴性组血清HBV DNA在(3～5)log10拷贝/ml时,抗病毒治疗组生存率为55.56%,高于常规治疗组(20.00%),P=0.011.结论 乙型肝炎慢加急性肝衰竭患者中,常规治疗下HBeAg阴性患者与HBeAg阳性患者的病死率无差异.采用恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗能提高HBeAg阴性患者的生存率.在HBV DNA低水平复制的HBeAg阴性患者中恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗能提高生存率.     

阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎96周疗效观察

目的 观察阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者96周的临床疗效.方法 选取慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者80例,予阿德福韦酯（1mg/d）抗病毒治疗;服药12周时行HBV DNA检测,无早期应答者（病毒载量下降〈2 log10拷贝/ml）予改用其他核苷类药物.疗程96周,观察血清转氨酶（ALT）复常率、HBV DNA阴转率、HBeAg消失率和HBeAg血清转换率.结果 61例有早期应答患者在治疗第96周时ALT复常率达85.25%（52/61）,HBV DNA阴转率为95.08%（58/61）,HBeAg消失率为51.52%（17/33）,而HBeA8血清转换率为42.42%（14/33）;治疗至96周时有2例发生病毒学反弹.19例于12周时因无早期应答而改用其他核苷类似物患者,96周时的ALT复常率为57.89%（11/19）,HBV DNA阴转率为68.42%（13/19）,HBeAg消失率及HBeAg血清转换率均为58.33%（7/12）.结论 阿德福韦酯对慢性乙型肝炎患者能有效抑制HBV复制,长期服用有较好疗效;对无早期应答病例及早换药有助提高疗效.     

抗病毒治疗对乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者短期生存率的影响

目的 探讨抗病毒治疗对乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者短期转归的影响.方法 348例乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者,分为常规治疗组及抗病毒治疗组,抗病毒组在常规内科治疗基础上加用抗病毒药物治疗(拉米夫定、恩替卡韦、替比夫定),比较两组患者临床特征、生存率及抗病毒治疗短期疗效差异.其中低病毒载量组173例(HBV DNA<105拷贝/ml)、高病毒载量组175例(HBV DNA≥105拷贝/ml).结果 多因素Cox回归分析表明抗病毒治疗是影响预后的有利因素.观察24周,抗病毒治疗的乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者生存率高于常规治疗者(X~2=32.865,P=0.000).在治疗4周存活患者中,抗病毒治疗组的血清总胆红素水平(Tbil)及HBV DNA降幅就高于常规治疗组,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗24周,低病毒载量及高病毒载量患者抗病毒治疗组的生存率均高于常规治疗组,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 抗病毒治疗可提高乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者的生存率,低病毒载量患者也需抗病毒治疗.