中药复方对卧床模拟失重引起"血淤"的对抗效果

目的观察中药对卧床模拟失重引起血淤证改善的效果。方法１０名被试者随机分为中药组和对照组。两组均头低位－６°卧床７ｄ,中药组卧床中服中药复方,对照组服安慰剂。结果中药组的血淤证较对照组有明显减轻,某些生理指标维持卧床前状态,即血压平稳;心功能（每搏量、心肌收缩力、每搏功指数等）、尿量,与卧床前比较基本保持不变,而对照组比中药组血淤证较重。结论提示中医药可能成为防治短期航天失重时对机体影响的的一种选择措施     

45d-6°头低位卧床对人体运动心肺功能的影响及红景天的防护作用

目的明确45 d-6°头低位卧床(head-down bed rest,HDBR)模拟失重效应对运动心肺功能的影响及红景天的防护作用。方法 16名健康成年男性志愿者,随机分为对照组(8人)和中药组(8人),中药组和对照组在45 d卧床期间,每天分别服用红益胶囊和安慰剂。在卧床实验前、中、后分别进行人体运动心肺功能和运动心电测量。结果与卧床前相比,1)卧床45 d对照组最大耗氧量显著降低(-18.26%;P0.01),中药组最大耗氧量无显著差异(-10.04%;P0.05)。2)对照组最大公斤耗氧量在卧床30 d、45 d和卧床后10 d均较卧床前显著下降(P0.01),而中药组下降均不明显(P0.05)。3)卧床期间对照组和中药组的最大心率均无显著变化,但在卧床后10 d,对照组最大心率明显下降(P0.05),中药组无明显改变(P0.05)。结论 45 d-6°头低位卧床引起人体运动心肺功能明显下降,中药红益胶囊可有效对抗头低位卧床模拟失重效应的人体运动心肺功能下降。     

卧床模拟失重生理效应辨证论治效果的初步观察

目的观察中药对短期卧床模拟失重引起被试者中医证型的论治效果。方法被试者随机分成中药组 (ME)和对照组 (CON)各 5人 ,两组均 - 6°头低位卧床 1 4d ,依据辨证的证侯主法立方 ,随证遣药进行论治。结果ME组无论是中医证机或是对应的生理生化指标 (血浆皮质醇、全血粘度、红细胞变形性、尿木糖排泄率等 )比CON组都能维持卧床前水平 (P <0 .0 5 )或轻度变化。结论卧床 1 4d模拟失重引起的肾阴虚、血瘀、脾气虚之证本药方都有一定调理效果 ,其中对肾阴虚、血瘀证效果更明显     

头低位卧床模拟失重对汉语语音特征的影响

目的探讨头低位卧床模拟失重作用下生成语音的语音特征的变化规律。方法被试者为 6名健康男性青年 ,头低位 - 6°模拟失重条件下记录语音特征及变化规律。结果与对照组相比 ,模拟失重作用下语音的时长有一定增加 ;平均能量明显降低 ,结果非常显著 ;基频有一定降低 ,并有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5)。结论模拟失重对人的语音特征产生一定影响 ,某些语音特征的影响具有显著性。     

人工重力联合运动锻炼对4d头低位卧床期间心血管功能的影响

目的利用头低位卧床模拟失重模型,观察人工重力联合运动锻炼对抗短期模拟失重致心血管功能失调的作用效果。方法 12名男性受试者随机平均分为两组:对照组和对抗组。对照组仅进行4 d头低位卧床,对抗组利用SAC-Ⅱ型短臂离心机在卧床期间每天进行1 h梯度(1~2 G)人工重力联合40 W运动锻炼。所有受试者卧床前后进行立位耐力、心脏泵血与收缩功能、最大工作负荷(PWC170)、腘静脉顺应性测试。结果与卧床前相比,对照组卧床后立位耐力、心脏泵血与收缩功能、PWC170显著降低(P0.05),腘静脉横截面积及顺应性显著升高(P0.05)。对抗组上述参数在卧床前后无明显变化。结论 4 d头低位卧床可导致心脏泵血和收缩功能降低,运动耐力下降以及下肢静脉顺应性明显升高。每天1h梯度(1~2 G)人工重力联合40 W运动锻炼能够有效维持头低位卧床期间心脏泵血和收缩功能、运动耐力以及静脉顺应性。     

人工重力联合运动锻炼对4 d头低位卧床期问心血管功能的影响

目的 利用头低位卧床模拟失重模型,观察人工重力联合运动锻炼对抗短期模拟失重致心血管功能失调的作用效果.方法 12名男性受试者随机平均分为两组:对照组和对抗组.对照组仅进行4 d头低位卧床,对抗组利用SAC-Ⅱ型短臂离心机在卧床期间每天进行1 h梯度(1～2 G)人工重力联合40W运动锻炼.所有受试者卧床前后进行立位耐力、心脏泵血与收缩功能、最大工作负荷(PWC170)、胭静脉顺应性测试.结果 与卧床前相比,对照组卧床后立位耐力、心脏泵血与收缩功能、PWC170显著降低(P＜0.05),胭静脉横截面积及顺应性显著升高(P＜0.05).对抗组上述参数在卧床前后无明显变化.结论 4 d头低位卧床可导致心脏泵血和收缩功能降低,运动耐力下降以及下肢静脉顺应性明显升高.每天1 h梯度(1～2 G)人工重力联合40 W运动锻炼能够有效维持头低位卧床期间心脏泵血和收缩功能、运动耐力以及静脉顺应性.     

45d-6°头低位卧床对下肢肌萎缩的影响及中药红景天的作用

目的观察模拟失重效应对下肢肌萎缩的影响及中药红景天的干预作用。方法 16名成年男性健康志愿者随机分为对照组(8人)和用药组(8人),进行45 d-6°头低位卧床模拟长期失重效应实验。卧床期间,用药组和对照组每天分别服用红景天(红益胶囊)和安慰剂。卧床前、中、后动态测量小腿围径;并采用MRI技术,测试和分析卧床前、后大腿和小腿肌群最大横截面积和肌肉体积的变化。结果1)卧床期间用药组和对照组小腿围径进行性下降,在卧床30和45 d均显著下降(P0.01),但用药组下降幅度显著减少(P0.05);2)卧床45 d,用药组和对照组大腿和小腿肌肉最大横截面积均显著降低(P0.01),其中小腿比目鱼肌下降幅度最大。用药组肌肉最大横截面积的减少较对照组均有改善作用(P0.05);3)对照组大腿和小腿肌群肌肉体积在卧床45 d均显著下降(P0.01),以比目鱼肌体积下降最为明显,用药组下降幅度显著减少,且比目鱼肌对抗作用最为明显(P0.01)。结论 45 d-6°头低位卧床引起进行性加重的肌萎缩,中药红景天可部分对抗模拟长期失重效应诱导的下肢肌萎缩。     

低氧、气功对抗模拟失重后立位中心脏节律变化的观察

目的探讨新的对抗失重措施。方法１５名、年龄１９～２２岁的健康男性青年为被试者。头低位－６°卧床（－６°ＨＤＢＲ）模拟失重,持续２１ｄ。实验分对照组（单纯卧床）、低氧组（卧床＋低氧）和气功组（卧床＋气功）。低氧组卧床期间每人每天吸两次低氧,每次２０ｍｉｎ。气功组卧床中每天练功三次,每次４５ｍｉｎ。三组卧床前、后进行２０ｍｉｎ＋７５°的立位实验。结果三组被试者在卧床前立位中的心电图未发生明显变化,心律正常。卧床２１ｄ后立位实验中对照组２人出现房性和窦性心律紊乱;气功组２人出现结性心律紊乱。低氧组所有人均未发生心律紊乱。结论低氧对抗卧床后立位耐立降低效果较好。     

头低位卧床7d对立位心肺循环功能的影响

目的观察短期模拟失重对立位心肺循环功能的影响,为进一步研究失重时心血管功能下降机理积累资料。方法６名健康男性被试者,头低位６°卧床７ｄ。分别观察卧床前、后立位心肺循环功能的变化。心肺循环功能检测选用ＸＸＨ－２０００型小循环心功能检测仪。结果头低位卧床７ｄ致被试者立位耐力降低,卧床后右心室射血期（ｊ－ｚ）缩短,右心室排血效率降低（Ｑ－ｊ／ｊ－ｚ升高）,提示右心功能减退。心血管调节适应性反应减弱,右心功能储备降低。结论ｃ波高度（ｈｃ）、ｃ波高度与Ｚ波高度的比值（ｈｃ／ｈｚ）可作为评价立位耐力或预测立位晕厥的指标;小循环心功能检测法评价立位心肺循环功能的变化有一定的前景。     

30 d头低位卧床期间下肢运动锻炼对心脏功能的影响

目的 本实验利用头低位卧床模拟失重,通过观察和比较30 d卧床期间不同体育锻炼方式对心脏收缩泵血功能的影响,旨在进一步明确体育锻炼对失重后心脏功能变化的对抗效果.为制定我国载人航天时航天员失重对抗方案提供实验依据.方法 15名男性健康被试者,随机分为对照组、下肢肌力训练组和自行车功率计训练组3组,每组5人对照组仅-6°HDT卧床30 d,不进行任何处理,下肢肌力训练组和自行车功率计训练组在30 d卧床期间分别进行下肢肌力训练和自行车功率计训练.实验期间测量心脏收缩泵血功能的变化.结果 对照组左室射血时间在卧床第22、26天较21、床前显著降低(P<0.05),射血分数在第26天显著性降低(P<0.05),每搏量、心输出量在第1天显著降低(P<0.05).下肢肌力训练组左室射血时间在21、床期间较21、床前均显著降低(P<0.05),每搏量除第5、7天外均显著降低(P<0.05),心输出量在第l、30天显著降低(P<0.05).自行车功率计训练组心脏收缩功能指标在21、床期间均无明显变化,每搏量、心输出量在卧床第1天较卧床前显著降低(P<0.05).结论 30 d头低位21、床可引起心脏收缩泵血功能下降,下肢肌力训练和自行车功率计训练可在一定程度上改善心血管功能,其中自行车功率计训练的对抗效果更佳.     

振动锻炼和太空养心丸对60 d头低位卧床脑血流的影响

目的 通过观察和比较60 d头低位(HDT)卧床期间振动锻炼、中药太空养心丸对脑血流的影响,进一步明确不同对抗方式对失重不良影响的对抗效果. 方法 21名健康男性志愿者,随机分为对照组、振动组和中药组3组,每组7人.对照组仅-6°HDT卧床60 d,口服安慰剂;振动组和中药组在HDT卧床期间分别进行阻抗振动锻炼和口服太空养心丸.卧床前、卧床第30天、第60天测量右侧大脑中动脉的血流速度. 结果 对照组的收缩期血流速度(Vs)在卧床第30天较卧床前显著降低(t=3.44,P<0.05),并且在第60天进一步降低t=5.07,P<0.01);舒张期血流速度(Vd)、平均血流速度(Vm)在卧床第60天显著降低(t=2.61、7.20,P<0.05).振动组的Vs在卧床第30天显著降低(t=2.49,P<0.05),并且在卧床第60天进一步降低(t=3.49,P<0.01);中药组Vs、Vd和Vm有降低趋势,但未达显著水平. 结论 60d头低位卧床可引起大脑中动脉血流速度显著降低.卧床期间服用太空养心丸对改善脑血流有一定作用,而振动锻炼则对脑血流影响不大.     

中长期模拟失重对血液循环状态影响的中药防护

目的探讨中药对模拟失重导致的血循环状态紊乱的作用。方法６０只大鼠随机分为４组：对照组、悬吊对照组、丹黄钙组（悬吊期间给以丹参、黄芪和碳酸钙）、参川熟组（悬吊期间给以人参、川芎和熟地）,实验３０天后测量各组的红细胞变形性、异形红细胞比例、血粘度、纤维蛋白原含量、红细胞聚集指数。结果与对照组比,悬吊组高、中、低切血粘度、红细胞聚集指数、纤维蛋白原含量、异形红细胞比例均明显增高,红细胞变形性明显下降。两种中药组各指标与对照组相比均无明显差别。结论两种中药合剂对模拟失重导致的血液循环状态改变有明显的防护作用。     

Effect of lower body negative pressure against orthostatic intolerance induced by 21 days head-down tilt bed rest

BACKGROUND: Exposure to actual or simulated weightlessness is known to induce orthostatic intolerance in humans. Many different methods have been suggested to counteract orthostatic hypotension. The repetitive or prolonged application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) has shown beneficial effects to counter orthostatic intolerance, but devoting so much time to countermeasures is not compatible with space mission objectives or costs. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of brief LBNP sessions against orthostatic intolerance during a 21-d head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest. METHODS: There were 12 healthy male volunteers who were exposed to -6 degrees HDT bed rest for 21 d. Six subjects received -30 mm Hg LBNP sessions for 1 h x d(-1) from day 15 to day 21 of the HDT, and six others served as control. Orthostatic tolerance was assessed by means of standard tilt test. RESULTS: Before HDT, all the subjects in the two groups completed the tilt tests. After 21 d of HDT, five subjects of the control group and one subject of the LBNP group could not complete the tilt test due to presyncopal or syncopal symptoms. The mean upright time in the control group 13.0 +/- 4.0 min) was significantly shorter (p < 0.05) than that in the LBNP group (19.0 +/- 2.2 min). Body weight decreased significantly in the control group during HDT, while increasing significantly on day 21 of HDT in the LBNP group. Urine volume increased on days 15-21 of HDT in the control group, but remained unchanged throughout HDT in the LBNP group. A significant decrease in cardiac output and cardiac index, and a significant increase in total peripheral resistance, pre-ejection period, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, and prostaglandin 12 were observed during HDT in both groups. There were no significant differences in these parameters between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Brief daily LBNP sessions were effective in preventing orthostatic intolerance induced by 21 d HDT bed rest. However, it did not improve cardiac pump and systolic functions and did not preserve volume regulating hormones.     

Intracranial pressure dynamics assessed by noninvasive ultrasound during 30 days of bed rest

INTRODUCTION: Intracranial pressure (ICP) may be an important contributor to symptoms of space adaptation syndrome during the initial days of microgravity exposure. The temporary nature of these symptoms suggests that some physiologic adaptation or compensation occurs. Fluid shifts similar to those in microgravity can be simulated on Earth using head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest. This study was performed to calibrate a new noninvasive ICP instrument and to investigate ICP adaptation during 30 d of HDT bed rest. METHODS: A noninvasive ultrasound technique that measures small skull expansions with fluctuations in ICP was used to measure cranial oscillations before and near the end of 30-d HDT bed rest in eight healthy, male volunteers. Pulse phase-locked loop (PPLL) output voltage and arterial BP were continuously monitored and correlated. RESULTS: The amplitude of intracranial distance pulsation decreased during 30-d bed rest. Prior to bed rest, the PPLL amplitude was 25 +/- 9 mV and this amplitude was reduced by 60% to 9 +/- 4 mV (a value consistent with that of upright posture) at the end of HDT bed rest (p = 0.01). DISCUSSION: PPLL measurements of skull pulsations are acutely posture dependent, being significantly higher in supine and HDT as compared with upright posture. A cephalad fluid shift is probably the responsible mechanism. Our results indicate that there are adaptations to intracranial pooling of blood and tissue fluid during bed rest that reduce skull pulsation amplitudes to values similar to those obtained in normal upright posture. Detailed studies of the time course of cranial vessel and bone adaptations may provide insights into the potential adaptative mechanisms.     

Early hormonal effects of head-down tilt (-10 degrees) in humans

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 5-h weightlessness simulation (using supine bed rest or head-down tilt at -10 degrees = HDT) on plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (PA), and catecholamines (epinephrine-E, norepinephrine-NE, and dopamine-DA) and to compare the results with those obtained with horizontal bed rest (BR), which is often taken as a control situation for simulation studies. Ten healthy young volunteers submitted to the three following postural tests: 7 h sitting; 1 h sitting, 5 h supine, and 1 h sitting; 1 h sitting, 5 h HDT, and 1 h sitting. Our results show that a 5-h HDT or BR induced a significant progressive increase in plasma volume (14.5% for HDT and 7% for BR) and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (18% for HDT and 17% for BR), PRA (60% for HDT and 40% for BR), PA (63% for HDT and 60% for BR), and NE (20% for HDT and 25% for BR) compared to the sitting position. E decreased only in HDT, and DA was unchanged. We concluded that the main part of the cephalad shift is achieved by bed rest as reflected by changes in hematocrit and plasma protein concentration. The decrease in diastolic blood pressure, the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (in part explained by a decrease in NE) are similar in BR and HDT. We demonstrate that the use of a relevant body position as control is a major concern when investigating the hormonal effects of HDT. If recumbency is chosen as the control situation in HDT studies, it is not surprising to observe only few changes when HDT is applied.     

21d头低位卧床期间第一周和最后一周下体负压锻炼对立位耐力和心功能的影响

目的观察在 2 1d头低位卧床的第一周和最后一周进行下体负压锻炼对立位耐力和心功能的影响。方法 1 2名健康男性志愿者 ,随机分为对照组和LBNP组 ,每组 6人 ,均参加 - 6°头低位倾斜卧床实验。对照组在卧床期间不做任何处理 ,LBNP组在卧床第一周和最后一周 ,每天进行 1h、- 30mmHg的下体负压锻炼。卧床前和卧床第 1 0、2 1天在倾斜床上进行 3次立位耐力检查 ,卧床期间测量心脏泵血和收缩功能等指标。结果卧床前两组 1 2名被试者均顺利通过立位耐力检查。卧床第 1 0和 2 1天 ,对照组所有被试者均不能通过立位耐力检查 ,而下体负压组仅有 1人未通过 ,卧床第 2 1天下体负压组( 1 9.7± 0 .9min)平均耐受时间较对照组 ( 1 5 .0± 3.2min)显著延长 (P <0 .0 5 )。对照组每搏输出量(SV)及心输出量 (CO)在卧床第 3、1 0天较卧床前显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而LBNP组SV及CO在卧床期间均无显著性变化 ;两组的射血前期 (PEP) /左室射血时间 (LVET)在卧床第 3、1 4天均显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。两组间比较 ,LBNP组PEP/LVET在卧床第 3天较对照组显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,LVET在卧床第 3、7和 1 4天较对照组显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 2 1d头低位卧床可引起立位耐力、心脏泵血和收缩功能显著降低 ;在 2 1d头低位卧床的     

体位改变30min对眼内压和视觉能力影响研究

目的通过模拟微重力效应,更全面准确地探究对载人航天任务完成至关重要的航天员眼内压和视觉能力的变化情况。方法首先,选择眼内压、近视力、彩色对比敏感度和视觉追踪能力为测试指标,然后,采用-15°头低位卧姿(head-down bed rest,HDBR)30 min模拟微重力效应的影响,采集了18名志愿者在体位改变前、中、后4项指标的测量值,最后,通过单因素重复测量方差分析和配对t检验分析所有指标在体位改变前、中、后测量值的差异性。结果体位改变期间,眼内压立即显著升高11.72 mm Hg(71%),在30 min后升高幅度下降为10.06 mm Hg,近视力上升0.09,空间频率为0.2 c/d时的彩色对比敏感度分辨阈值升高0.4,视觉追踪正确率下降1.8%。结论在微重力效应下,眼内压会升高,整体视觉能力很可能会下降。     

模拟失重不同时期热量摄入及血脂的变化

目的探讨模拟失重对机体膳食摄入营养状况和血脂含量的影响. 方法 18名被试者头低位-6°卧床21 d,用膳食称量法观察其营养素摄入量变化,记录卧床第1、11和21天的血脂含量. 结果三大热能基本满足生理需要,热量摄入在第2周降低,第3周后基本恢复正常;血脂无明显统计学变化. 结论模拟失重对机体膳食摄入营养状况有短期影响,经过适应期后可恢复到正常范围,血脂不受影响.