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1.
V. Bréjard A. Bonnet A. Pasquier J.-L. Pedinielli 《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2011
Aim of the study
The aim of the study was to analyze the relating contribution of personality dimensions referring to Cloninger's model and emotional awareness to depressive symptoms intensity, in a community sample of adolescents. Our purpose was also to investigate the mediating role of the emotional awareness on the personality-depression relationship.Method
A sample of 372 school students completed the following questionnaires: the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), the Level of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).Results
Correlationnal and multiple hierarchical regressions analysis confirmed the existence of direct links between each personality dimensions and depression, and the partial mediating effect of emotional awareness, but only for the novelty seeking and the harm avoidance dimensions.Conclusion
Our results confirm the relationships observed in previous research between emotion awareness and depression on one hand, and between personality and depression on the other hand. They highlight the major role played by personality and emotional processing in the vulnerability to present depressive symptoms. The importance of taking in account and assess the emotional processing in the adolescent's depression clinical support is discussed. 相似文献2.
M. Buttitta A. Rousseau P. Gronnier A. Guerrien 《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2014
Objective
The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between social anxiety and satisfaction of needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness in obese adolescents. Literature review reports that obese children and adolescents have higher social anxiety that their normal weight peers. But relations between obesity and social anxiety are not clear. We explore the relationship between social anxiety and satisfaction of needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness, three basic psychological needs advanced by Self-Determination Theory (SDT). SDT predicts that satisfaction of these needs should result in well-being and mental health. Thereby, a low satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness is associated with psychopathology. These psychological needs are not yet explored in obese adolescents. We expect that obese adolescents have higher social anxiety and lower satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness as compared to controls. Furthermore, high social anxiety could be associated with low satisfaction of these needs.Methods
The study sample consists of a clinical group of 17 obese adolescents and a control group of 67 normal weight adolescents. They completed self-report questionnaires. Social anxiety was assessed with the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE). Satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness was measured with the Perceived Autonomy in Life Domains Scale (PALDS), the Perception of Competence in Life Domains Scale (PCLDS) and the Interpersonal Relationship Quality Scale (EQRI).Results
Obese adolescents have significantly lower satisfaction of needs for autonomy and competence in leisure domain as compared to controls. Social anxiety is negatively correlated with satisfaction of needs for autonomy and competence in interpersonal relationships domain, general competence and relatedness with friends.Conclusions
Physical complications in obese adolescents could explain dissatisfaction of needs for autonomy and competence in leisure domain. This assumption could be explored in future research. Results should improve treatment of obese adolescents. Consistent with SDT, satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness is linked with social anxiety. Impairment of satisfaction of these needs could contribute to understanding the social anxiety in adolescents. 相似文献3.
Objective
From a data collection conducted among junior high-school students, we propose to assess global and physical self-esteem. Indeed, profound physical changes, psychological and social affect this phase of development of the person and the object of this article is to clarify what are the potential impacts of these changes on self-esteem as a function of age and gender.Methods
Five hundred and seventy-nine junior high-school students of the Midi-Pyrenees region, aged 11 to 17 years (M = 13.34, SD = 1.20) have informed the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (1965) and the physical self-inventory (Ninot, Delignières and Fortes, 2000).Results
The reliability of both tools is confirmed from our study sample. The results allow to update significant differences in global and physical self-esteem according to the age and gender of the adolescents.Conclusion
The discussion focuses on the interpretation of gender differences in the assessment of global self-esteem and physical interpretation of the differences in the development of the person. 相似文献4.
F. Pourre E. Aubert J. Andanson J.-P. Raynaud 《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2012
Background
The SociaBillyQuizz is a therapeutic game designed for social skills training groups with children and adolescents. Using an entertaining method, this media requests several dimensions: exposure, cognition, communication skills, imagination, emotional expression and sign decoding. In this preliminary study, the setting includes two groups of six adolescents, one with social anxiety disorder and the other with Asperger syndrome.Objective
To evaluate, in an exploratory study, the effects of a therapeutic device involving this game for these two clinically different groups of adolescents.Methods
During 26 of 1 hour weekly sessions, two adolescents groups participate to a program including the SociaBillyQuizz and cognitive behavioral therapies. The groups are moderated by two therapists. The SociaBillyQuizz is a board game for two to six players; its goal is to collect points by answering instructions from the different thematic cards. There are four thematic cards: action cards (players have to do something), brainstorming cards (players have to use their imagination and demonstrate cognitive flexibility), interview cards (players have to express themselves about what they think or feel) and mystery cards (unexpected instructions). According to the groups’ clinical characteristics, some aims are specifically highlighted. In the anxiety disorder group, the cognitive dimension is privileged and in the Asperger syndrome group, we emphasise the pretend, cognitive flexibility and theory of mind. The effects are measured by the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule and the Fear Avoidance Hierarchy (FAH) for the social anxiety disorder group and by the Faux Pas Recognition Test and the Social Responsiveness Scale (parent version) for the Asperger group.Results
These assessment tools indicate, for both groups, a significant increase of the scores corroborating the observed clinical effects. For eleven of the twelve adolescents, a clinical interview 6 months after the retest shows a continuity of therapeutic benefit.Discussion
These early results suggest that a social skills training device featuring the SociaBillyQuizz produces clinical improvements in these two groups of adolescents. In future researches, with control group and more complete follow-up, nature and effectiveness of its contribution should be specified.Conclusion
In this preliminary study, the SociaBillyQuizz appears to be an interesting therapeutic tool that can increase implication, motivation, participation and cohesiveness of the group. It also makes easier the cognitive-behavioural-strategies learning. 相似文献5.
Objective
Authors propose clinical research data about psychic functioning of adolescent siblings of children with autism. Literature review shows that the main purpose is about adolescent development with atypical environment.Methods
Clinical scales and personality tests give information about self-esteem, anxiety, self-image, narcissism, body image. Samples comparisons, clinical group of adolescent of siblings versus control group of typical adolescent. Statistic method and clinical analyses are given to discuss clinical data.Results
Self-image is perturbed but adaptative functioning is generally observed in the clinical group. A real psychic suffer exists for adolescents of siblings that can be described by means of three process screening self-image, nevertheless it does not clearly appear during childhood and adolescenthood. 相似文献6.
Introduction and objectives
Due to the high frequency and co-occurrence of vulnerabilities, mothers under 20 years are at higher risk of perinatal depression than adults mothers. We performed a review of the literature investigating the epidemiology of adolescents mothers’ depression, compared these data to adult mothers and listed associated factors, to develop a more preventive approach and specific follow-up.Methods
The review is based on Pubmed and Sciencedirect research combining “adolescent” or “teenage” and “depression” as keywords.Results
Seventeen international studies were included, evaluating both prenatal (6 studies) and postnatal (14 studies) depression with three different scales (CES-D, BDI, EPDS). Depression rate in adolescents mothers varies from 26 to 63% in the third trimester of pregnancy and from 26 to 61% in the first 3 months postpartum, with differences depending of studies designs, screening instruments and cut-offs. Depression rate declines with time, but still persists with a prevalence ranging from 21 to 32% at 4 to 5 years after delivery. Depression rate in adolescent mothers are globally twice higher than in adult mothers, both in prenatal and postnatal periods. Characteristics associated with adolescent mothers depression include sociodemographic factors (less education, low income), psychosocial factors (confidence, self-esteem), poor or inadequate social support and negative life events (violence exposure, history of abuse).Conclusion
Perinatal depression in adolescent mothers is very high and can contribute negatively to child-mother interaction. It should be a priority to screen depression early during pregnancy and to offer appropriate support services during the first years of motherhood. Moreover, it could be of high interest to assess maternofoetal attachment during pregnancy using validated instruments combined with depression scales. 相似文献7.
Objective
The objective of this research is to identify the psychological processes underlying the phenomenon of school demobilization and highlight the protective factors of dropping out, with particular attention to the impact of self-esteem of adolescents.Methods
We proceeded to the award and the statistical validation of two scales (self-esteem and school mobilization) with a sample of 405 college students for the testing of our hypothesis, with linear regression analyzes.Results
The results support the hypothesis that self-esteem has an effect on school mobilization. More self-esteem is high, especially the so socio-emotional and academic self, more school mobilization is strong, suggesting that emotional control but also the assessment that the young because of his academic skills, would manage the process of competition and struggle for social recognition that college students are confronted by the expression of strong mobile on the school and knowledge.Conclusion
In conclusion, the results of this research suggest that self-esteem is a preventive dimension of demobilization school. They underline the importance of questioning earlier in adolescents, their school mobilization, conceived as a co-construction, by differentiating the dimensions of the report to the school's relation to knowledge and engagement in school work, taking into account their self-esteem. 相似文献8.
Background
Child welfare literature underlines a higher prevalence of health problems and psychiatric disabilities in fostered young people than in the general population. Questions remain about their social integration and health in the long term: Which risk factors continue to alter their pathway? Which protective factors have minimized a problematic psychosocial adaptation over time?Purpose
A follow-up study in the past was conducted on a SOS children's village on 123 young people who had been reared for more than 3 years and left care after the age of 14. A survey was mailed to these adults aged 23–50 years old, followed by face-to-face interviews. All relevant institutional files were analysed. Attrition rates were very low in this high-risk population. An overall score of social integration aggregates data regarding: occupational situation, family life, relationships, general psychosocial state. Health-related quality of life (Duke Profile) was analyzed by means of multiple dimensions including mental and social health, self-esteem, depression and disability. Multivariate analyses by logistic regression were used to examine the specific roles of decisive factors on social integration.Key findings
At a mean age of 36.5 years, two thirds were well integrated socio-economically, only one out of five had psychosocial problems. Three factors increased the risk of poor socioeconomic integration: accumulation of parental risk factors, having been placed with two or more siblings’ groups and persisting mental health problems when leaving care. The quality of life was significantly associated with a better perception of social and mental health and with self-esteem. It varied positively, taken into account with professional integration, relationships and supportive environment, and negatively according to past adversities: parental domestic violence, maltreatment, and persisting mental health problems. Except from disabilities and to a lesser degree sociability, globally, these former fostered population did not seem different from counterparts in terms of health measures, anxiety and depression.Implications
Results highlight the importance of continuity and stability in placement. For the professionals, it is necessary to give more attention to the question of rearing together several groups of siblings. Persisting mental health problems during placement and when leaving care would suggest a vital need for the staff to identify and to implement intensive, appropriate therapeutic care. 相似文献9.
L. Hernandez N. Oubrayrie-Roussel Y. Prêteur 《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2012
Objective
This paper emphasizes the variety of peer relationships and their impact on the psychological and social-emotional development of adolescents of their attachment to school. In greater detail, this study analyzes the impact of social status on school commitment/disengagement within suburban schools (socially disadvantaged areas). We define social status as the social position of a person in a group: popular, rejected, lonely profile, etc. We study it based on the integration of an adolescent to a peer group, on the acknowledgment than he gets back, on the quality of his relationships with the other members of the group and on the fact he is/is not able to curb the peer pressure.Methods and population
We asked 186 adolescents, pupils of a suburban school (58% of them are girls and 42% are boys). Most families live on low (or medium) incomes with a low educational attainment. A Decreasing Hierarchical Classification (DHC, Alceste, a method which consists of providing clusters by bringing them together according to their similarity) was used to identify five adolescents’ profiles: “followers/aggressive”, “popular”, “rejected”, “lonely” and “estimates”. This approach allowed us to set up typical adolescent profiles based on their social status and illustrated with their school disengagement.Results
It was revealed that adolescents with “extreme” relationships (profiles: famous, aggressive or rejected) are those experiencing more difficulties at school. Their relationships are based either on power, on research for conformity or on strong emotional dependence. This leads them to bad school behaviors (practicing other activities at school, inattention, or being passive during class) because of their values too far from school requirements. Adolescents who have balanced and satisfying relationships succeed better. The support and the security from peers make them more cognitively available during class. The adolescents who do not belong to any group are also good performers: this way, they avoid social pressure so that they can concentrate on school activities.Conclusion
After all, these results underlie that the social status of a adolescents in his group of peers can generate individual problems affecting his personality, his self-esteem, his sociability, his values and, as a consequence, his whole school journey. 相似文献10.
11.
Background
The authors have started a preliminary research to start the French validation of a new projective tool for children created by Coulacoglou (1996): The Fairy Tales test (FTT). Using tales to invite the child to tell a story is not rare in the field of child clinical psychology (Düss, 1949; Royer, 1978; de Tychey, 1993). FTT is a novel way of accessing the inner life of children through structured fantasy and storytelling. The FTT has the advantage of using stories that many children are familiar with (Little Red Riding Hood, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs). The FTT includes an interview guide (many questions ask about the thoughts and feelings of the characters) and is composed of seven sets of stimulus cards with three cards per set. The three pictures differ just enough to vary in emotional valence, usually by alteration in facial expressions and body postures of the characters.Methods
We have compared FFT responses of 80 children aged from 6 to 12 years and divided into two groups (clinical group composed of children with learning disabilities versus control group). The aim of that exploratory study was to study three psychological important variables of the FTT: anxiety, depression and self-esteem levels.Results
FTT indicators allow us to differenciate significatively (using Chi Square Method) the two groups’ distributions. Anxiety and depression levels are higher in the clinical group and self-esteem level was lower in the same group. These data suggest the interest to develop further FTT validation since the usefulness of that tool has been demonstrated in other countries such as Greece (Coulacoglou, 1996, 2008), Russia (Savina, 2008), China (Li and Zhang, 2008), India (Sanyal and Dasgupta, 2008) and Turkey (Ikiz-Ertem-Vehid-Düsgor, 2008).Conclusion
Our preliminary study shows us FTT discriminant power to differenciate a group of children with learning disabilities compared to a control group for three important dimensions of personality: anxiety, depression and self-esteem levels. Now it is necessary to undertake further validation on FTT in France with several goals: larger samples, more contrasted clinical groups and evaluation of the other FTT indicators not studied in the present article. 相似文献12.
Objective
The aim of this paper was to compare foster care and typical children's and adolescent's use of emotion regulation processes through coping. Developmental shifts in coping strategies were expected to change coping profiles during the transition from childhood to adolescence and enhance a less adaptive coping style in foster adolescents.Methods and population
One hundred and forty-two children and adolescents, from 7 to 16 years, participated to this study, 46 were in foster care and 96 were in typical families. Most families lived on medium incomes with a low to medium educational attainment. An Hierarchical Classification Ascendant (method consisting to build a partition of the population into homogeneous clusters [low within-variability] which are different one from another [high between-variability]) was used to identify three coping profiles in children and adolescents: “flexible”, “avoidant”, and “active”. This method allowed us to set up children and adolescent profiles as a function of their ages, their social status and their gender.Results
It was revealed that 30% of foster care children and adolescents used a “flexible” coping profile in the same proportion as in the control population. In both populations, there was an increase of the adaptive “flexible” coping profile with age. However, a placement in foster families after 6 years old increased adolescents’ vulnerability since between 12 and 16, they used less the “active” coping profile and more the “avoidant” coping style when faced with a stressor. The coping profiles of foster care girls differ significantly from those of girls in typical families with a greater proportion of “avoidant” coping profiles.Conclusion
These results suggest that the transition from childhood to adolescence alters emotion regulation in both populations. They are discussed within the framework of clinical intervention following the resilience perspective. 相似文献13.
Introduction
Chronic disease carries the risk of emotional disorders among adolescents. It is important to observe early signs to implement treatment. One commonly used screening tool is Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), which has Polish adaptation for adults. Although there are publications presenting the validation of a scale for use in adolescents, in Poland this study has not yet been conducted. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of Anxiety and Depression Scale among Polish healthy and CF adolescents.Methods
Anxiety and Depression Scale was examined in 142 adolescents, including 65 patients with CF in Cystic Fibrosis Centre at the Institute of Mother and Child, as well as in 77 healthy students. Scale accuracy has been verified by comparing the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI and the Center for Epidemiological Study for Depression CES-D.Results
The relatively high HADS scale reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.83) and good stability in test-retest analysis (ρ = 0.75 for the depression subscale and ρ = 0.67 for the anxiety subscale) was reported. Correlations item–scale were statistically significant and ranged from r = 0.32 to r = 0.74. χ2 test showed a link between anxiety subscale HADS-A and the two subscales STAI (anxiety as a state and as a trait) and between subscale HADS-D and CES-D.Conclusions
Our study achieved satisfactory indicators of reliability, stability and validity of the test. The test could be useful in adolescents with cystic fibrosis, due to the limited number of questions concerning the somatic symptoms that may result from the underlying disease. 相似文献14.
G. Zárate-Guerrero E. Devouche M.C. Espinosa-Gómez G. Apter 《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2014
Background and aim
Early detection of postnatal depression and mother–infant interactive difficulties are major issues not only for the emotional and cognitive development of the infant, but also for the implementation of early prevention of interactive disorders. This study examined the characteristics of mother–infant interactions in a free play situation, when infants were 3 months old, in case of maternal postnatal depression, and in a control group. The quality of interactions was assessed using the Global Ratings of Mother–Infant Interactions by Fiori–Cowley and Murray (GRMII).Methods
The sample was composed of 90 mothers with their infants, including 39 mothers with postnatal depression and 51 without mood disorders. Affective disorder was assessed by the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Mothers and their 3-month-old infants were invited to play freely, in a room dedicated to parent–infant observation in the laboratory. Free play sequences were video recorded and a posteriori coded by two trained clinicians blind to maternal affective status, with the GRMII.Results and conclusion
Analyses show that for all items of the GRMII, non-depressed mothers and their infant obtained higher scores i.e. better scores than depressed mothers and their infant. However, significance was evidenced only for 8 items of the grid: 3 on the maternal sensitivity scale, 2 on signs of depression, and 3 on the interactive dimension. Results thus show that at 3 months postpartum, depression appeared to have already affected interaction with the infant. Main differences were observed in mother's active engagement, acceptation, sensitivity and ability to provide adjusted responses to her infant. Analysis of maternal intrusiveness and remoteness did not yield significant findings, but conversely maternal sensitivity was negatively impacted. The GRMII appeared as an easy-to-use and objective tool to detect specificities of early depressed mother–infant interactions, adapted to a clinical setting. Early detection of interactive distortion gives a window of opportunity for a clinical intervention focused not only on maternal depressive symptoms, but also on the dyad itself. 相似文献15.
16.
Background
Like the other African developing countries, in Senegal, disparities in health services between towns and the rest of the country are very important in, particularly, the main town. Only some populations have opportunities to get enough quality of care health services. A lot of children and adolescents endure chronic diseases or handicap without correct assistance. Only one modern unit gives the children and their family adequate mental health cares.Objectives
The authors try to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of the children coming from rural areas and consulting in child-psychiatry unit of Fann Hospital (Ker Xaleyi). They examine the origins of their mental handicap and make also the analysis of the main elements. At the end, some tracks of solutions are proposed.Methods
Retrospectives data are used by consulting files of the children who have consulted at the years from 2000 to 2006 in the child-psychiatry unit “Kër Xaleyi”. Starting from the whole, those concerning the areas outside the main town (Dakar) are particularly analyzed. Data are treated by the freeware Epi Info 6 which is a series of programs for use by public health professionals, general database and statistics applications. In this work, the frequencies are mostly calculated concerning gender, age, repartition by region, kinds of disorders and diseases related to handicap.Results
Only one quarter of the patients comes from rural areas. Some regions are poorly represented like Tambacounda and Kolda. Repartition about gender is not so different whatever the region or the trouble considered. Intellectual deficiency is more frequent as handicap. Concerning the sources of the mental handicap presented by many children, a majority is related to organic affections.Analyze/Discussion
The differences seem to be linked to geographic availability (more the region is far from main town, less the population is represented in the unit), traditional convictions (persons are more in contact with mystic and irrational considerations in rural areas unlike the metropolitan citizen who have more information and education) and the poverty level is a characteristic of our rural areas (health care services and the means of transport are more developed in the city). Malaria and purulent meningitis cause sequels, which are aggravated by deficiency of taking care and inefficiency of prevention.Conclusion
Despite real difficulties in rural areas, a reduction of the gap in health services between the main town and the other cities can be realized by a better prevention policy, a better exchange of ideas between actors and new consideration of sociocultural realities. 相似文献17.
Interest
The Dupré clinic of Sceaux is a “care and study” center, which has developed a multidimensional program including medical care, institutional psychotherapy and school studies for adolescents and young adults aged 16 to 25 suffering from severe psychiatric disorder, social impairment and/or school drop-out. To our knowledge, there are very few studies that have been conducted on the patient's clinical characteristics and the specific cares that can influence outcomes.Method
We studied a sample of 55 patients treated at the Dupré clinic between 2007 and 2012 (mean duration of hospitalization = 570 days; mean admission Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) score = 43.6). GAF scores at time of admission and at time of discharge, other relevant clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and the specific cares received during hospitalization were collected. Most of the patients had a diagnosis of psychotic disorder (28%), personality disorder (25%) or eating disorder (23%).Results
Sixty percent of these patients were considered as “good responders” (i.e., an increase in GAF scores ≥ 25%) and the others (40%) were considered as “poor responders”. Adolescents who participated in a specific care focusing on the professional integration were more likely to be good responder (75% versus 44% among adolescents who did not participate in this specific care, P = 0.023).Conclusion
Given the limitations of our study (small sample, observational study), the potential interests of specific cares focusing on the professional integration of adolescents in “care and study” center should be further studied. 相似文献18.
Background and study aim
Recent previous studies have highlighted the existence of burnout among high-school students. Burnout among high-school students has been described as a continuum between academic stress and severe burnout. Moreover, as for adults, burnout in school context is a three-dimensional concept that includes: exhausting concerning school demands, cynical attitudes towards school and sense of inadequacy as a student (Salmela-Aro et al., 2009). Previous research has shown that burnout can engender depression (Salmela-Aro et al., 2009), and that, depression in turn could lead to suicide ideas among adolescents (Garlow et al., 2008). Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the determinisms of burnout among French high-school students and to evaluate the mediator effect of depression between burnout and suicidal ideations.Method
Two hundred and fifty-six high-school students from 11th and 12th grades participated in this study. Among the participants, 135 were boys and 117 were girls, mean age was 16.9 years (SD = 0.88). The participants completed questionnaires about depression, suicidal ideations, burnout, academic stress, perceived pressure and perfectionism.Results
Regression analyzes were performed in order to determine the predictor variables of school burnout. The results indicates that burnout was predicted by academic stress, perceived pressure provided by parents and provided by peers; perfectionism however appears as a protective factor. In a second step mediation analyses using multiple regressions were performed. As expected, depression was a mediator between burnout and suicidal ideations. Since burnout was a significant predictor of depression and of suicide ideas, when depression and burnout are both associated, depression is the principal predictor (β = 0.64; t = 11, P < 0.0001) and burnout is no longer a significant predictor (β = –0.09; t = –1.6; P = 0.11). The Sobel post-hoc test confirmed these results (z = 8.4, P < 0.0001).Conclusion
Therefore it seems important to take into account academic stress and burnout for prevention of suicidality in adolescents. Psychotherapy interventions, focused on problem solving or improving feelings of self-efficacy, may be interesting to explore. 相似文献19.