新活素治疗顽固性心力衰竭临床疗效观察

目的观察新活素对顽固性心力衰竭的临床治疗疗效。方法入选2009年4月~2013年6月在陕西省宝鸡市第六人民医院入院治疗的顽固性心力衰竭患者72例,根据患者入组顺序分为观察组(n=36)和对照组(n=36),观察比较两组患者用药前及用药后72 h血压、血清氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)水平、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心率、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)变化以及药物的不良反应。结果观察组用药72 h后改善顽固性心力衰竭的有效率明显高于对照组(86.1%vs.52.8%,P0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗后两组心率均明显下降,观察组[(84.7±4.3)次/min vs.(80.8±2.7)次/min,P0.05];对照组[(85.5±3.0)次/min vs.(80.6±1.8)次/min]。治疗后观察组[(2843.4±611.3)ng/L vs.(1675.5±446.8)ng/L,P0.05]与对照组[(2782.0±688.3)ng/L vs.(1955.1±404.4)ng/L]NT-pro BNP水平均明显下降(P0.05),观察组下降大于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后观察组[(37.6±7.9)%vs.(49.8±7.9)%]与对照组[(36.9±10.2)%vs.(45.0±9.0)%]LVEF均明显增加(P0.05),且观察组LEVF升高大于对照组(P0.05)。两组在低血压发生率上无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论新活素治疗顽固性心力衰竭具有较好的疗效,能明显改善患者的血流动力学参数,且无明显不良反应。     

连续护理模式在心脏搭桥术患者中的应用效果及术后康复的影响

目的研究连续护理模式在心脏搭桥术患者中的应用效果及术后康复的影响。方法选取2017年1月至2018年9月于阜阳市人民医院心外科行心脏搭桥术患者60例。按照简单随机数表法分为观察组(n=32)和对照组(n=28),对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组采用连续护理模式干预。观察两组术后康复指标(首次排气时间、首次排便时间、住院时间),SAS、SDS评分,生活质量,并发症发生率。结果治疗后,观察组首次排气时间、首次排便时间、住院时间均显著低于对照组[(23.06±4.10)h vs.(40.52±6.39)h,(49.23±4.07)h vs.(71.30±9.51)h,(8.60±0.72)h vs.(13.64±1.60)h,P0.05];SAS、SDS评分均显著低于对照组[(40.32±3.19)分vs.(45.76±4.63)分,(42.64±3.08)分vs.(48.13±4.21)分,P0.05];躯体功能、心理功能、生活习惯、社会功能评分均显著低于对照组[(87.63±5.34)分vs.(79.42±4.15)分,(92.41±3.64)分vs.(79.19±2.50)分,(93.09±11.43)分vs.(86.32±9.46)分,(91.38±4.73)分vs.(76.90±2.69)分,P0.05];并发症总发生率显著低于对照组[15.63%(5/32) vs. 53.57%(15/28),P0.05]。结论连续护理模式在心脏搭桥术患者中的临床应用效果显著,可改善患者的不良情绪,引导正确认知,提高治疗依从性,降低术后并发症,有利于早期康复锻炼,可提高治疗疗效。     

孟鲁司特钠治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病122例临床疗效观察

目的 探讨孟鲁司特钠治疗COPD的临床疗效.方法 将122例COPD患者随机分为对照组和观察组,各61例.对照组采用抗感染、氧疗、祛痰、支气管舒张剂等常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用孟鲁司特钠10 mg,每晚睡前服用,疗程为4周.测定和分析治疗前和治疗4周后患者的肺功能、血气分析指标.ELISA法检测血清细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、IL-8及基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)的水平,并对治疗4周后2组临床疗效进行比较.结果 治疗前2组患者的肺功能(FEV1％pred、FEV1/FVC、MVV％ pred),血气分析(PaO2、PaCO2)及血清细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-8,MMP-9)的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗4周后,FEV1％pred[(80.3±15.8)％ vs (71.3±18.5)％],FEV1/FVC[(86.2±9.8)％ vs (67.3±16.6)％],MVV％pred[(49.3±13.9)％ vs(42.1±12.3)％]和PaO2[(83.3±4.9) mmHg vs (76.1±4.5) mmHg]观察组明显高于对照组.PaCO2[(53.3±6.23) mmHg vs (61.3±5.32) mmHg],血清细胞因子TNF-α[(25.2±6.3) ng/L vs (33.1±8.5) ng/L],IL-8[(53.6±11.5) ng/L vs (66.5±13.1) ng/L]及MMP-9[(38.9±12.3) ng/L vs (46.6±13.2) ng/L]观察组的含量明显低于对照.观察组的总有效率(96.72％)明显高于对照组的总有效率(86.89％),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05).结论 孟鲁司特钠能有效减轻COPD患者的炎症症状,改善肺功能,疗效显著,值得在临床上推广.     

附子不良反应与煎煮时间及剂量的关系

目的探讨附子临床应用中出现不良反应的影响因素。方法选取2013-01~2014-08该院收治的确诊为寒湿痹阻型痹证采用中医复方治疗的患者240例为研究对象,根据复方有无附子分为A组和B组各120例,A组给予未加附子复方治疗,B组给予附子复方治疗,观察两组的临床不良反应情况。结果 A组发生不良反应16例(13.33%),B组发生不良反应60例(50.00%),两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=32.28,P=0.000)。B组120例患者中,有不良反应组先煎时间与煎煮总时间(min)均明显短于无不良反应组[(36.5±4.23)vs(31.46±3.16),P=0.000;(89.75±1.52)vs(86.36±2.42),P=0.000];平均使用剂量(g)也明显高于无不良反应组[(24.15±6.26)vs(20.53±3.52),t=16.712,P=0.017]。结论附子的先煎时间、煎煮总时间及其使用剂量均是影响其临床不良反应的因素。     

尼莫地平联合依达拉奉治疗老年急性脑梗死的临床效果

目的分析尼莫地平联合依达拉奉对老年急性脑梗死的治疗效果。方法入选2017年4月至2018年10月重庆三峡中心医院神经内科老年急性脑梗死患者96例,随机数表法分为研究组和对照组,每组48例。对照组采用尼莫地平治疗,研究组采用尼莫地平联合依达拉奉治疗,对比2组患者临床疗效、美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、氧合血红蛋白(HbO_2)、还原血红蛋白(Hb)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_2)、总血红蛋白(HbT)指标以及氧化应激反应指标超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平和不良反应。应用SPSS 22.0统计软件对数据进行分析。组间比较采用t检验或χ~2检验。结果研究组总有效率高于对照组[95.83%(46/48)vs 75.00%(36/48)],差异有统计学意义(χ~2=12.080,P=0.001)。研究组治疗后相比对照组HbO_2[(4.16±0.57)%vs(3.26±0.46)%]、SpO_2[(66.32±5.51)%vs(59.64±4.93)%]和HbT[(4.48±0.86)vs(3.62±0.88)g/L]明显增高,Hb[(0.42±0.16)vs(0.56±0.22)g/L]、SOD[(42.65±6.88)vs(48.56±8.09)U/ml]、MDA[(2.28±0.58)vs(3.78±0.85)mmol/L]、hs-CRP[(8.12±2.04)vs(12.87±4.26)mg/L]和NIHSS评分[(13.13±5.74)vs(18.92±4.60)]降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组相比对照组不良反应发生率低,差异有统计学意义[16.67%(8/48)vs 39.58%(18/48),χ~2=6.235,P=0.013]。结论尼莫地平联合依达拉奉治疗老年急性脑梗死患者临床效果显著。     

双腔心脏起搏器对缓慢性心律失常患者心功能的影响

目的探讨缓慢性心律失常患者实施双腔心脏起搏器治疗的临床效果。方法选取2017年3月至2018年9月在辽宁省人民医院治疗的100例缓慢性心律失常患者为研究对象,将患者分为2组,即对照组与观察组。对照组行单腔心脏起搏器,观察组行双腔心脏起搏器,两组患者均进行常规护理措施,对比分析两组患者治疗的疗效及治疗前后患者心功能和血液指标的改善情况。结果观察组治疗后的疗效显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(98.0%vs. 84.0%,P0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者心排血量[(4.22±0.45)L/min vs.(3.45±0.45)L/min,P0.05]、左心室射血分数(59.89%±5.36%vs. 54.11%±4.56%,P0.05]、心脏指数[(2.55±0.26)L·min~(-1)·m~(-2)vs.(2.12±0.22)L·min~(-1)·m~(-2),P0.05]明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。观察组患者左心室舒张末期内径[(4.11±0.18)cm vs.(4.77±0.26)cm,P0.05]、左心房内径[(3.61±0.11)cm vs.(3.85±0.23)cm,P0.05]、左心室收缩末期内径[(2.45±0.11)cm vs.(3.02±0.55)cm,P0.05]明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。观察组患者全血黏度[(1.55±0.12)mPa/s vs.(1.89±0.22)mPa/s,P0.05]、血小板聚集率(32.15%±4.45%vs.40.26%±5.22%,P0.05)、血浆黏度[(6.45±0.45)mPa/s vs.(7.45±0.55)mPa/s,P0.05]明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论对缓慢性心律失常患者实施双腔心脏起搏器治疗,效果明显,临床应用价值较高,值得推广。     

关节松动术联合常规康复治疗对老年神经根型颈椎病的疗效观察

目的 观察关节松动术联合常规康复治疗对老年神经根型颈椎病(CSR)的临床疗效。方法 采用随机数字法将60例老年神经根型颈椎病患者分为观察组(n=30)和对照组(n=30)。对照组采用常规康复治疗，包括颈椎牵引和中医定向药透(TCMDP)治疗；观察组在对照组治疗方案上联合颈椎关节松动，10次临床治疗为1个疗程。2组患者在治疗前及治疗2个疗程后进行疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)和颈椎病临床评价量表(CASCS)评估。结果 2组治疗前后VAS评分：观察组治疗前(6.15±1.86)vs治疗后(1.32±0.35),(P<0.05);对照组治疗前(6.23±2.02)vs治疗后(2.56±0.37),(P<0.05);观察组治疗后VAS评分低于对照组[(1.32±0.35)vs(2.56±0.37),(P<0.05)]; 2组治疗前后的CASCS评分：观察组治疗前(59.12±10.22)vs治疗后(97.12±2.15),(P<0.05);对照组治疗前(60.86±10.87)vs治疗后(88.24±2.45),(P<0.05);观察组治疗后CASCS高于对照组[(...     

劳拉西泮治疗老年急性心肌梗死伴焦虑症患者的临床观察

目的探讨劳拉西泮治疗老年急性心肌梗死伴焦虑症的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择老年急性心肌梗死伴焦虑症患者128例,随机分为治疗组(常规加劳拉西泮)和对照组(常规加心理干预),每组各64例,治疗2周,治疗前后采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)进行测评,观察急性心肌梗死伴焦虑症缓解情况。结果治疗组心绞痛发作次数[(5.64±1.38)次vs(9.37±1.64)次]、持续时间[(8.36±3.27)s vs(12.46±2.85)s]、硝酸甘油用量[(2.78±0.35)mg vs(4.56±0.48)mg]较对照组明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组(84%vs 36%,P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后HAMA评分较治疗前及对照组治疗后明显降低,差异有统计学意义[(8.42±2.63)分vs(17.18±3.54)分和(15.37±3.48)分,P<0.05]。治疗组出现眩晕8例,对照组出现眩晕6例,治疗1²周后症状消失,治疗组出现乏力7例,对照组出现乏力5例,继续用药后症状消失。未见震颤等椎体外系表现。结论常规加劳拉西泮治疗老年急性心肌梗死伴焦虑症状疗效更好,改善预后,安全可靠。     

替米沙坦对冠心病合并糖尿病肾病患者临床疗效的影响

目的探究替米沙坦治疗冠心病合并糖尿病肾病患者的临床疗效,对血清肝细胞生长因子(HGF)及其过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)表达的影响。方法选取我院就诊的年龄60岁的冠心病合并糖尿病肾病患者114例,采用随机数表分为观察组和对照组,每组57例。2组行相同基础治疗,观察组给予替米沙坦,对照组给予依那普利。比较2组血清内皮素1、NO、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、肌酐、24h尿蛋白HGF、PPARγ表达及不良反应。结果与治疗前比较,治疗后2组血清内皮素1、IL-6、MMP-9、肌酐、24h尿蛋白、HGF及PPARγ表达水平明显降低,NO水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);治疗后观察组血清内皮素1[(62.65±1.20)ng/L vs (72.85±1.85)ng/L]、IL-6[(7.65±1.20)ng/L vs (10.21±2.15)ng/L]、MMP-9[(59.85±1.85)μg/L vs (62.01±1.97)μg/L]、肌酐[(170.2±32.2)μmol/L vs (207.7±41.2)μmol/L]、24h尿蛋白[(1.0±0.9)g vs (1.3±0.1)g]、HGF[(247.65±26.20)ng/L vs (310.75±45.15)ng/L]及PPARγ[(36.85±9.15)ng/L vs (42.01±9.97)ng/L]表达水平明显低于对照组(P0.01),NO水平明显高于对照组(P0.01)。治疗期间,观察组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P=0.014)。结论替米沙坦治疗冠心病合并糖尿病肾病较依那普利疗效更好,且能明显降低血清HGF及PPARγ表达水平。     

脑心通联合美托洛尔对冠心病合并频发室性早搏的疗效观察

目的观察脑心通联合美托洛尔治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)合并频发性室性早搏(FPVC)的疗效。方法选自2011年1月至2014年4月冠心病合并FPVC患者168例,随机分为对照组(n=84)和观察组(n=84),两组均行常规治疗,对照组同时予酒石酸美托洛尔片(25 mg,2/日),观察组在对照组基础上加用脑心通胶囊(1.6 g,3/日),观察疗程4周。主要观察终点为患者结局以及FPVC改善情况,结局包括患者症状改善和心脏功能指标的变化,FPVC则通过动态心电图观察早搏次数的变化来评价;次要观察终点为心率变异性(HRV),包括正常N-N间期的标准差(SDNN)、相邻N-N间期差值均方根(RMSSD)、低频功率(LF)和高频功率(HF),同时记录患者不良反应。结果观察期结束后,观察组患者整体疗效更加明显(总体有效率:88.1%vs.75%,P0.05),左室射血分数提高更显著[(51.6±3.4)%vs.(47.4±4.2)%,P0.05)],早搏次数明显下降[(427±89)次/24 h vs.(525±114)次/24 h,P0.05)],HRV结果显示,观察组较对照组改善更为明显,包括SDNN[(133.5±28.4)ms vs.(112.2±17.2)ms],Rmssd[(37.4±9.0)ms vs.(26.8±5.8)ms)]、LF[(530.6±78.0)Hz vs.(445.3±88.0)Hz]、HF[(298.3±54.5)Hz vs.(241.4±36.4)Hz]均明显增加,组间有统计学差异(P均0.05),观察组与对照组不良反应均为轻度不良反应,且发生率无统计学差异(14.29%vs.10.71%,P=0.484)。结论与美托洛尔单独治疗相比,冠心病合并FPVC患者采用脑心通联合治疗后,治疗效果显著提高,心脏功能改善更加显著,同时能够更好纠正HRV下降,且患者耐受性良好,能够显著提高预后。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.     

Intake of energy drinks in association with alcoholic beverages in a cohort of students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina

BACKGROUND: Energy drinks (ED) are a widely used group of beverages known for their stimulant effects on central nervous system (CNS). The main components of ED are caffeine, taurine, carbohydrates, glucuronolactone, inositol, niacin, pantenol, and beta-complex vitamins. The studies evaluating the effects of ED describe improvements in attention and/or reaction times and indices of alertness. It has been also shown that combination of caffeine and glucose, fundamental constituents of ED, can ameliorate deficits in cognitive performance and subjective fatigue during extended periods of cognitive demand. Moreover, the associated ingestion of alcohol and ED has recently been observed to be becoming more and more widespread. METHODS: With the aim to know the habits and uses of students, we administered a questionnaire containing questions regarding ED drinking alone or in association with alcoholic beverages. Five hundred students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina were interviewed, and 450 filled the questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 56.9% of students declared using ED. A great part of users (48.4%) associate frequently ED and alcohol. In particular, 35.8% of ED + alcohol users have used ED + alcohol more than 3 times in the last month. Distinguishing the users into 2 groups (users of ED + alcohol and users of both ED and ED + alcohol), we observed in the second group a major use of cocktail containing a mix of ED and alcoholic beverages. This difference between the 2 groups is less represented about the ingestion of ED + alcohol in the night. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that association of ED + alcohol is very popular among students. This behavior can be dangerous. In fact, the combination of ED + alcoholic drinks can reduce adversive symptoms of alcohol intoxication including the depressant effects. As consequence, users of ED + alcoholic beverages might not feel the signs of alcohol intoxication, thus increasing the probability of accidents and/or favoring the possibility of development of alcohol dependence.