骨搬运技术治疗下肢大段骨缺损

目的探讨应用骨搬运治疗下肢大段骨缺损的临床疗效。方法应用骨搬运技术治疗12例下肢大段骨缺损患者(骨缺损5~10 cm)。在截骨术后7~14 d开始骨搬运,每天4~6次,每次1/6~1/4 mm。记录术后骨痂牵拉时间、骨愈合时间、支架固定时间及活动功能情况,进行疗效评定。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~36个月。骨搬运时间55~142 d;骨愈合时间5~13个月;外固定支架携带时间7~16个月。根据Paley et al方法评价骨搬运结果及功能,骨搬运结果:优10例,良2例;功能评价:优7例,良3,可2例。结论应用外固定架牵开进行骨搬运是治疗下肢大段骨缺损的有效方法。     

应用骨搬运术同期治疗合并难治性软组织缺损的胫骨大段骨缺损

目的探讨应用骨搬运术同期治疗胫骨大段骨缺损及合并的难治性皮肤软组织缺损疗效。方法2010年1月-2014年12月,收治胫骨大段骨缺损合并难治性皮肤软组织缺损患者35例。其中男21例,女14例;年龄18~47岁,平均29岁。均为交通事故伤导致GustiloⅢ型开放性胫骨骨折。骨折位于胫骨上1/3段1例,中1/3段19例,下1/3段15例。均于伤后4~10 h行单边外固定支架治疗,5~10 d后出现胫骨皮肤软组织坏死、感染并伴有脓性分泌物渗出。伤后至该次手术时间为21 d~5个月,平均2个月。皮肤软组织缺损范围6 cm×5 cm~10 cm×8 cm;清除坏死骨后骨缺损长度为6~11 cm,平均8 cm。安置Orthofix外固定支架持续骨延长,创面规律换药。结果 35例患者均获随访,随访时间12~22个月,平均16个月。患者骨缺损全部修复,骨愈合时间为9~20个月,平均15个月;均未见明显下肢力线偏移。截骨段延长6~11 cm,平均8 cm;停止延长治疗后外固定支架继续保留2~10个月,平均5个月。所有患者治疗期间均未出现血管、神经损伤,术后无骨髓炎、再骨折等并发症发生。患者皮肤软组织缺损均愈合,愈合时间1~3个月,平均1.3个月。其中5例外固定支架针道有不同程度感染,经换药后好转。拆除外固定支架后采用Johner-Wruhs标准评价疗效,获优26例、良5例、可4例,优良率为88.6%。结论对于合并难治性皮肤软组织缺损的胫骨大段骨缺损患者,如皮瓣修复困难,可选择骨搬运术,通过持续牵拉同期修复软组织及骨缺损。     

带血管蒂腓骨联合骨移植重建恶性肿瘤切除后的股骨干连续性

目的探讨平行重建钛缆固定和同心圆重建接骨板固定在恶性肿瘤切除后股骨连续性重建中的作用。方法回顾性分析2013年9月至2017年12月连续收治并获得随访的11例恶性肿瘤切除术后股骨干骨缺损、不愈合或骨折患者, 男10例、女1例;年龄(27.1±15.6)岁(范围7～49岁)。包括股骨干恶性肿瘤一期切除及骨缺损重建6例, 股骨恶性肿瘤大段异体骨移植术后接骨端不愈合或异体骨骨折4例, 大腿软组织肉瘤切除术后放疗致股骨骨折1例。采用带血管蒂游离腓骨联合大段异体骨或灭活骨移植进行重建:将腓骨放置于股骨和异体骨内侧, 以钛缆固定(平行重建组);或将腓骨放置于异体骨或灭活骨的髓腔中, 以接骨板和螺钉固定(同心圆重建组)。结果平行重建组5例, 接骨端或骨折端7个;腓骨移植长度(15.0±4.3)cm(范围10～20 cm);随访时间(33.2±15.6)个月(范围20～53个月)。同心圆重建组6例, 接骨端或骨折端10个;腓骨移植长度(15.5±2.3)cm(范围12～18 cm);随访时间(45.8±15.3)个月(范围22～62个月)。两组随访时间的差异无统计学意义(t=1.36, P=0.208...     

骨搬移治疗胫骨骨髓炎伴大段骨缺损的疗效观察

目的观察骨搬移法治疗胫骨骨髓炎伴大段骨缺损的疗效。方法回顾2010年2月至2013年6月利用骨搬移技术治疗20例胫骨骨髓炎伴大段骨缺损患者。男15例,女5例;年龄16~62岁,平均33岁。20例患者断端切新后骨缺损长度为6~10 cm,平均8 cm。术后定期复查调整力线,鼓励患者完全负重。结果本组20例患者均获得16~40个月(平均22.0个月)随访。16例患者对合端直接愈合(平均12个月),其余4例患者对合端未能直接愈合。经重新切开植骨内固定最终愈合。骨延长长度为6~10 cm(平均8 cm)。外固定架指数为1.5~2个月/cm。根据Paley骨愈合评分标准评定,优14例,良5例,差1例,优良率95%。结论骨搬移技术是治疗胫骨骨髓炎伴大段骨缺损的一种安全有效的方法。     

大段同种异体骨移植二期重建修复股骨开放性骨折伴骨缺损

[目的]探讨应用大段同种异体骨移植二期重建修复股骨开放性骨折伴骨缺损的方法和临床疗效.[方法]分析2006年3月～2009年8月,收治的13例股骨开放性骨折伴骨缺损病例,男11例,女2例;年龄18～46岁.缺损最短8.0 cm,最长23 cm,首先抢救危及生命的损伤,清创、伤肢股骨外固定、闭合创面.二期大段同种异体股骨段修复骨缺损并骨折内固定.[结果] 13例均获随访6～36个月,平均16个月.骨折均愈合,无感染,无钢板离断,无异体骨骨折.按Kilmer股骨远端功能评定标准[1],本组优4例,良5例,一般3例,差1例,优良率69.2%.[结论]Ⅰ期清创,外固定;二期同种大段异体骨移植加内固定治疗股骨开放性骨折伴骨缺损的方式临床疗效满意.     

外固定支架骨转移技术治疗股骨干骨髓炎大段骨缺损

目的:探讨应用外固定支架骨转移技术治疗股骨干骨髓炎大段骨缺损的临床疗效及优势.方法:2008年8月至2013年12月收治股骨干骨髓炎合并有大段骨缺损病例16例,男11例,女5例;年龄13~62岁,平均42岁;病程2个月~4.5年,平均18个月;骨缺损长度4.5~15 cm,平均7.8 cm.全部病例应用外固定架骨转移技术治疗骨缺损,术后1周开始骨转移,每天1 mm,分4次进行.结果:全部病例均获得随访,时间10~36个月,平均22.5个月.16例中1例患者由于不配合治疗,致治疗失败,后采取截肢术.余15例骨髓炎均得到控制,其中12例骨转移达到Ⅰ期骨愈合,3例骨转移远端不能Ⅰ期愈合予以自体髂骨植骨后达到骨愈合,骨愈合时间5~13个月,平均7.9个月.13例患者双下肢长度基本一致,2例患者有1.5~2.0 cm肢体短缩畸形存在.外固定架拆除时间6~16个月,平均9.3个月.结论:应用外固定支架骨转移技术是治疗股骨干骨髓炎大段骨缺损的有效方法之一,可控制感染,消灭创面,均衡肢体长度.     

Ilizarov骨搬移技术修复胫骨创伤性骨髓炎大段骨缺损

目的探讨应用Ilizarov骨搬移技术治疗胫骨创伤性骨髓炎大段骨缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年6月至2014年9月在我科收治15例胫骨创伤性骨髓炎患者,其中男11例,女4例;年龄17~60岁,平均39.3岁。交通事故伤9例,重物压砸伤4例,高处坠落伤2例。根据Cierny-Mader解剖学分型:Ⅲ型6例,Ⅳ型9例。采用病灶骨段切除、Ilizarov骨搬移技术治疗,并记录骨段延长长度、外固定架时间、骨愈合及功能评价结果。结果 15例患者均获随访,随访时间18~40个月,末次随访时,骨缺损均得以重建。骨缺损长度6~13 cm,平均8.6 cm。外固定架固定时间为8.4~16.5个月,平均11.2个月。术后无一例出现深部感染、骨不连或关节僵直。根据改良ASAMI评定标准评定骨性结果:优12例,良1例,中1例,差1例,优良率为87.3%;功能结果:优10例,良2例,中3例,差0例,优良率为80.0%。结论应用Ilizarov骨搬移技术是治疗胫骨创伤性骨髓炎大段骨缺损的有效方法。     

混合式外固定架与带血管蒂游离腓骨移植治疗创伤性股骨大段骨缺损

目的探讨混合式外固定架与带血管蒂游离腓骨移植治疗创伤性股骨大段骨缺损的疗效。方法应用混合式外固定架与带血管蒂游离腓骨移植治疗创伤性股骨大段骨缺损7例。结果 7例术后随访10~56个月,移植腓骨均存活,并获得良好的骨性愈合,术后平均10个月可负重行走。结论混合式外固定架与带血管蒂游离腓骨移植是一种治疗创伤性股骨大段骨缺损的理想术式。     

单边外固定支架骨搬运治疗胫骨大段骨缺损的疗效分析

目的探讨单边外固定支架骨搬运治疗胫骨大段骨缺损的疗效。方法回顾性分析2017年2月至2022年1月赣州市人民医院创伤急救中心创伤骨科采用单边外固定支架骨搬运术治疗21例胫骨大段骨缺损患者资料。男14例, 女7例;年龄(46.3 ± 11.3)岁。骨缺损原因:外伤骨缺损5例, 外伤骨不连硬化骨切除9例, 骨感染切除6例, 骨肿瘤切除1例。骨缺损长度为(8.3 ± 1.7)cm。术后10～12 d开始搬运骨段, 搬运速度1 mm/d, 分4次完成, 每2周复查X线片, 随访记录骨愈合时间、外固定支架戴架时间(EFT)、外固定支架指数(EFI)、对接端处理情况和并发症情况, 末次随访时采用Paley评分评估疗效。结果所有患者术后均获随访, 随访时间为(13.5 ± 5.5)个月。本组患者的新生骨均矿化良好, 骨愈合时间为(9.6 ± 2.2)个月;EFT为(10.3 ± 4.0)个月;EFI为(1.3 ± 0.4)个月/cm。对接端均愈合, 行对接端清理者14例, 其中单纯外固定支架加压5例, 对接端植骨者9例。术后钉道感染6例, 胫骨力线偏移1例, 足下垂畸形5例, 马蹄内翻足畸形1例, ...     

Ilizarov骨迁移治疗胫骨大段骨缺损的临床疗效

目的探讨Ilizarov外固定骨牵移技术治疗胫骨节段性骨缺损的临床疗效。方法采用Ilizarov外固定骨迁移方法治疗21例胫骨大段骨缺损患者。结果手术时间70～95(75±4.2)min。21例均获随访,时间14～30(17.6±6.5)个月。骨牵移长度为6～10(7±4.2)cm。骨痂矿化时间为11～20(12.1±3.5)周,外固定支架固定时间为12～20(14.9±3.3)个月,其中2例出现马蹄足畸形,给予跟腱延长;1例出现骨不连,予断端清理髂骨植骨后愈合;2例出现钉道不同程度的感染,给予清创后愈合。疗效按Johner-Wruh标准进行评定:优10例,良7例,差4例。结论 Ilizarov外固定骨牵移治疗胫骨大段骨缺损疗效较满意。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of threecombinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperativenausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods. We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. NinetyASA I–II females, 18–65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesiafor major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperativeanalgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), wererandomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after inductionand droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mgplus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later(Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide eachgroup into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on theincidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects andtheir treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculatedfor each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conductedfrom the hospital point of view. Results. Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) thanGroup 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive.Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patientwithout PONV was €6.99 (95% CI, –1.26 to 36.57) forGroup 1 and €13.55 (95% CI, 0.89–132.90) for Group3. Conclusion. Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least aseffective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effectivethan dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 589–92