25例胰腺胰管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤MRI和ERCP比较研究

目的研究胰腺胰管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤的临床特点,MRI影像表现并和ERCP比较。方法自1998年至2001年25例(主胰管型6例,分枝型19例)手术证明的胰管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤患者。手术前所有患者均接受了MRI和ERCP检查,回顾分析了临床特点,MRI和ERCP影像学表现。结果MRI上主胰管型表现为弥漫/节段扩张的主胰管,5例伴有壁结节;分枝型表现为葡萄串状或单发的囊状肿瘤,14例内有壁结节,增强后壁结节明显强化。MRCP可清楚地显示19例分枝型IPMT和主胰管之间的交通。MRI和ERCP对肿瘤的显示率分别是100%,52%。结论与ERCP相比,MRI是一种非侵袭性的有效地诊断胰管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤的方法。MRCP(磁共振胆胰管成像)对分枝型肿瘤的诊断有重要意义。     

胰管刷检联合超声内镜对胰腺癌早期的诊断价值

目的：探讨胰管刷检联合超声内镜对胰腺癌早期诊断的价值。方法应用内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）下胰管刷检及超声内镜引导下细针穿刺（EUS-FNA）胰腺活检,对18例患者分别取细胞行HE染色。结果刷检细胞学检查敏感性72%,特异性100%;细针穿刺活检细胞学检查敏感性78%,特异性100%;胰管刷检联合细针穿刺活检细胞学检查敏感性88%,特异性100%,与单独胰刷检或细针穿刺活检相比差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 ERCP下胰管刷检联合EUS-FNA胰腺活检可提高胰腺癌的早期诊断率。     

MRI多种成像技术在胰腺癌诊断中的价值

目的研究MRI多种成像技术在胰腺癌诊断中的价值.方法收集经手术病理证实的胰腺癌患者26例,采用的MRI技术分别为FLASH T1WI、TSE T2WI、T1WI FS、T2WI FS、Gd-DTPA动态增强扫描和MRCP,分析其MRI表现.结果26例胰腺癌中,在T1WI FS上呈低信号者24例,等信号者2例;T2WI FS上22例呈明显高信号,4例表现为等信号;Gd-DTPA动态增强扫描动脉期25例表现为无强化或强化不明显;MRCP 18例胰头癌均显示胆总管或胰管梗阻性扩张.结论T1WI FS、T2WI FS、Gd-DTPA动态增强扫描和MRCP成像技术对胰腺癌的定位、定性准确率较高,是诊断胰腺癌的理想方法.     

MRCP在胆胰系统病变的临床应用

磁共振胆胰管造影（Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography,MRCP）是国内外近几年快速发展起来的一种非介入性的胆胰管成像新技术^[1],是一种无创伤性和无需造影剂的胆胰管成像技术^[2]。本文通过53例胆胰管疾病的患者进行了常规MRI及MRCP检查,并与临床手术结果及术后病理进行对比分析,探讨MRI及MRCP在胆胰管病变患者的临床应用价值。     

普美显动态增强MRI在肝癌早期影像诊断中的应用

目的探讨肝癌早期影像学诊断中采用普美显动态增强磁共振(MRI)的应用效果。方法选取我院就诊的肝部疾病患者69例,均行常规MRI检查和普美显动态增强扫描,以病理检查结果为金标准,对比诊断结果及价值。结果经病理检查确诊,69例肝部疾病患者中肝癌30例、肝硬化39例。普美显动态增强MRI检查肝癌的准确性(84.06%)明显高于MRI平扫检查(53.62%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);普美显动态增强MRI检查的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均高于MRI平扫检查,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肝癌早期诊断中普美显动态增强MRI检查具有较高的诊断价值,有效提高临床诊断效果,为治疗方案的确定提供依据。     

MRI联合MRCP检查对肝门部胆管癌患者定性诊断准确率的影响

目的:探讨磁共振成像(magnetic resonance Imaging,MRI)联合磁共振胰胆管成像(magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatograp,MRCP)检查在肝门部胆管癌(HCCA)患者定性诊断中应用价值。方法:选取我院2014年2月—2017年12月收治的HCCA患者60例,均行MRI、MRCP检查,统计定性及分型诊断准确率,并分析MRI、MRCP表现。结果:MRI联合MRCP检查定性诊断准确率为98.33%(59/60),高于单一MRI检查83.33%(50/60)(P0.05);MRI联合MRCP检查分型诊断准确率为100.00%(60/60),高于单一MRI检查86.67%(52/60)(P0.05);MRI检查发现43例存在肝门区结节或有不规则肿块,T2WI呈略高信号,与邻近组织界限模糊;MRCP检查发现有中重度扩张、"软藤样"改变,其中43例扩张胆管于肝门位置断裂。结论:给予HCCA患者MRCP联合MRI检查,定性诊断准确率高,病变部位分型诊断准确率高,具有较高定性诊断价值。     

磁共振不同脉冲序列成像对慢性胰腺炎与胰腺癌的诊断价值

慢性胰腺炎及胰腺癌的诊断及鉴别诊断一直是临床工作中的难点,本文回顾了磁共振技术在慢性胰腺炎与胰腺癌鉴别诊断方面的应用进展,描述了不同磁共振脉冲序列中正常胰腺组织的信号特点,以及慢性胰腺炎和胰腺癌的不同表现,比较了ERCP、CT、MRCP、MRI检查诊断慢性胰腺炎及胰腺癌的优势与不足。     

磁共振不同脉冲序列成像对慢性胰腺炎

慢性胰腺炎及胰腺癌的诊断及鉴别诊断一直是临床工作中的难点,本文回顾了磁共振技术在慢性胰腺炎与胰腺癌鉴别诊断方面的应用进展,描述了不同磁共振脉冲序列中正常胰腺组织的信号特点,以及慢性胰腺炎和胰腺癌的不同表现,比较了ERCP、CT、MRCP、MRI检查诊断慢性胰腺炎及胰腺癌的优势与不足.     

多种MRI技术联合应用鉴别诊断胰腺癌与慢性胰腺炎

目的　评价联合应用多种MRI技术在鉴别诊断胰腺癌和慢性胰腺炎中的价值。方法　回顾分析 47例胰腺癌与 2 8例慢性胰腺炎的MRI表现。MRI技术包括 :平扫FSFLASHT1WI和TSET2 WI、MR胆胰管成像 (MRCP)及多时相动态增强扫描。测量肿块与正常胰腺信号值 ,计算对比噪声比 (CNR)。结果　平扫FSFLASHT1WI和TSET2 WI对胰头癌的敏感率为 5 9.4% ,对胰体癌为 86.7% ,对慢性胰腺炎为 78.6%。MRCP对胰头癌的敏感率为 90 .6% ,对胰体癌为 6.67% ,对慢性胰腺炎为 82 .1%。多时相动态增强扫描对胰头癌的敏感率为 78.1% ,对胰体癌为 93 .3 % ,对慢性胰腺炎为85 .7%。联合应用多种MRI技术对胰头癌的敏感率为 96.9% ,对胰体癌为 93 .3 % ,对慢性胰腺炎为 92 .9% (P <0 .0 1)。结论　多种MRI技术联合运用 ,是一项对胰腺癌和慢性胰腺炎进行鉴别诊断的准确有效的方法     

磁共振胆胰成像评估不明原因急性胰腺炎病因的价值

目的：评估磁共振胆胰成像（MRCP）在不明原因急性胰腺炎（AP）病因诊断中的价值。方法：选取2006年10月-2008年10月住院治疗的45例不明原因急性胰腺炎患者．进行MRCP检查。结果：在所有45例AP患者中,MRCP检查发现有异常者15例,占33％。病因有胆胰管汇合部异常、胰腺肿瘤、胰腺钙化、胰管结石和胰腺分裂等。结论：MRCP对不明原因AP患者病因诊断有一定价值。     

ERCP与MRCP对胆胰疾病诊断的比较研究

目的评价磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)与经内镜胰胆管造影(ERCP)对胰胆疾病的诊断价值。方法对85例胰胆管疾病患者均进行ERCP和MRCP检查,并经手术和病理证实。结果85例MRCP与ERCP均获成功,其中两者诊断一致53例,不一致32例(37.6%,32/85),诊断一致的胆总管结石36例,肿瘤9例,其他8例。不一致32例中,MRCP诊断为肿瘤、结石32例,而ERCP诊断为结石或未见异常。结论MRCP诊断胆总管扩张的敏感性、准确性较高,对扩张的病因诊断尚不够理想,对胆总管较小结石的诊断不如ERCP敏感及准确,而且不能治疗,因此MRCP不能替代ERCP。     

Mucinous cystadenomas and intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: In mucin-producing tumors of the pancreas, diagnosis using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is limited to cystic formations that communicate with the main pancreatic duct. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a new, sophisticated method which is currently under evaluation. The authors describe the usefulness of MRCP in diagnosis of mucin-producing tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six patients with mucin-producing tumors were investigated using MRCP and ERCP. Imaging was compared with surgery and histopathological examinations. RESULTS: Three patients were found to have mucinous cystadenomas (MC), two patients had intraductal papillary mucinous tumors (IPMT) and one patient had a cystadenocarcinoma. MRCP demonstrated the cystic formations in all patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed contrast-mediated enhancement of the cystic wall in patients with MC, and visualized the pancreatic ducts completely in patients with IPMT. ERCP failed to visualize the cystic lesion in one patient with MC of the pancreatic tail. Furthermore, ERCP showed evidence of IPMT in dilated main ducts with multiple filling defects but did not visualize the ducts completely. CONCLUSIONS: MRCP provides visualization of pancreatic ducts, extraductal variations, and cystic formations more completely than ERCP does. It avoids complications seen in ERCP. MRCP may replace ERCP in the evaluation of mucin-producing tumors of the pancreas.     

Pancreatic duct evaluation: accuracy of portal venous phase 64 MDCT

Background  Many patients presenting with nonspecific signs and symptoms often receive CT scans using general protocols, not optimized to evaluate for pancreatic pathology. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate portal venous phase 64 multi-row detector CT (MDCT) scans for detecting pancreatic duct strictures, stones, pancreas divisum, and communication between pancreatic ducts and cystic pancreatic lesions. Methods  Institutional review board approval with waived informed consent was obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study. We included all patients that underwent abdominal, portal venous phase, intravenous contrast-enhanced 64 MDCT scans between 6/7/05 and 5/01/07 and MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) or endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERCP) within 2 months of the CT. This yielded 93 patients (42 males, 51 females) with a mean age of 59 years. In addition to CT, 75 patients underwent MRCP and 37 patients underwent ERCP. Two radiologists independently evaluated the CT images, including multiplanar and minimum intensity pixel projection reformations, for pancreatic duct strictures, stones, pancreas divisum, or cystic pancreatic lesions. The latter were classified as communicating or not communicating with the pancreatic ducts. Findings on ERCP or MRCP were used to calculate diagnostic performance parameters. Results  On standard of reference examinations, 15 (16%) of the 93 patients had a pancreatic duct stricture. The sensitivity and the specificity for Observer 1 were 87% and 100%, respectively; for Observer 2, 100% and 100%, respectively. Six (6%) of the 93 patients had main pancreatic duct stones. The sensitivity and the specificity for Observer 1 were 83% and 100%, respectively; for Observer 2, 100% and 99%, respectively. Five (5%) patients had pancreas divisum; Observer 1 correctly identified four and Observer 2 correctly identified three cases. Eleven (12%) patients had cystic pancreatic lesions. Observer 1 correctly determined whether or not there was communication between the cystic pancreatic lesion and the pancreatic duct in ten cases; Observer 2 correctly made this determination in nine cases. Conclusion  Portal venous phase 64 MDCT images are moderately sensitive and highly specific for detecting pancreatic duct stricture, stones, and pancreas divisum and moderately accurate for detecting communication between pancreatic ducts and cystic pancreatic lesions.     

Nonenhanced magnetic resonance imaging of mild acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) is not always effective for demonstrating mild acute pancreatitis, and the intravenous administration of iodine contrast medium is harmful to the inflamed pancreas. The goal of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of nonenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the depiction of mild acute pancreatitis. METHODS: We performed T1-weighted imaging with a short echo time, T2-weighted imaging, and MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in 12 patients with mild acute pancreatitis. Nonenhanced CT and contrast-enhanced CT were always performed before the MR studies. RESULTS: T1- and T2-weighted MR images using a breath-hold or respiratory-triggered technique produced clearer images of the inflamed pancreas than did CT. Peripancreatic fat necrosis was shown by both methods. Although MRCP demonstrated no abnormalities of the pancreatic duct, it demonstrated stones in the gallbladder and common bile duct. CONCLUSIONS: Nonenhanced MR imaging was superior to CT for depiction and confirmation of mild acute pancreatitis.     

MRCP of congenital pancreaticobiliary malformation

Background Congenital pancreaticobiliary malformations are sometimes associated with acute or chronic pancreatitis and biliary carcinoma. Currently, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is one of the first choices for investigating and diagnosing pancreaticobiliary diseases noninvasively. We compared the accuracy of conventional MRCP and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in making the diagnosis of congenital pancreaticobiliary malformations. Methods In patients with pancreas divisum (n = 17), pancreaticobiliary maljunction (n = 12), choledochocele (n = 2), and annular pancreas (n = 1) who underwent ERCP and MRCP, the diagnostic accuracy and findings on MRCP were compared with those on ERCP. Results Of the 32 patients with congenital pancreaticobiliary malformations diagnosed on ERCP, 23 (72%) presented the same diagnosis on MRCP. Complete pancreas divisum was diagnosed in 73% on MRCP based on the finding of a dominant dorsal pancreatic duct crossing the lower bile duct and emptying into the duodenum without communicating with the ventral pancreatic duct. Pancreaticobiliary maljunction was diagnosed in 75% on MRCP based on the finding of an anomalous union between the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct and the existence of a long common channel. Conclusions Conventional MRCP is a useful, noninvasive tool for diagnosing congenital pancreaticobiliary malformations; and the diagnostic accuracy can be increased with three-dimensional MRCP or dynamic MRCP with secretin stimulation.     

MRCP形态学分析对胰头癌和胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊断价值

目的：探讨磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）形态学变化对胰头癌和胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析30例胰头癌与30例胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎患者的MRCP表现。结果：胰头癌组的MRCP特征包括：①胰管扩张25例,病灶处截断26例,远端胰管呈光滑均匀扩张21例;②胆管扩张25例,胰头处截断21例;③肝内胆管扩张24例。胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的MRCP特征包括：①胰管扩张18例,病灶处胰管贯通26例,远端胰管串珠样扩张17例;②胆管扩张12例,病灶处逐渐变细10例,正常18例;③肝内胆管扩张11例;④胰管结石14例,假囊肿9例。结论：MRCP表现的形态特征对胰头癌和胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊断有鉴别意义。     

双管征与四管征在磁共振胰胆管成像中的诊断价值

目的：探讨MRCP征象中双管征与四管征对十二指肠乳头癌与胰头癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法：用Marconi 1．5T磁共振成像仪对114例拟诊十二指肠乳头癌或胰头癌患者进行常规MRI及MRCP检查。结果：本组114例中十二指肠乳头癌48例，胰头癌66例，均经手术和／或病理证实。MRCP表现为肝内胆管扩张呈“软藤征”占82．5％（94／114）；82．6％（71／86）的十二指肠乳头癌或胰头癌显示“双管征”，42．4％（28／66）的胰头癌显示为“四管征”。结论：MRCP图像中“软藤征”、“双管征”是恶性梗阻性黄疸的常见征象；“四管征”为胰头癌的一个特异性征象。     

多层螺旋CT在恶性低位胆道梗阻疾病诊断中的应用研究

目的探讨多层螺旋CT成像鉴别不同组织来源的恶性低位胆道梗阻疾病的诊断价值。 方法回顾性分析新疆维吾尔自治区儿童医院2015年3月至2017年12月经手术或经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术活检证实的恶性低位胆道梗阻患者30例的临床资料。总结术前多层螺旋CT诊断的胆管癌、胰头癌和壶腹癌的影像学表现，并与病理活检结果进行对照，采用Kappa检验判断术前诊断与术后病理诊断的一致性。 结果30例患者多层螺旋CT均可清晰显示胆道系统扩张及远端梗阻部位胆管壁增厚、管腔狭窄。胆管癌表现为肝内胆管中、重度扩张，远端胆管呈"截断征"，梗阻部位可见软组织密度肿块沿胆管侧壁向管腔内生长；壶腹癌患者胆总管、胰管均扩张，呈典型"双管征"；胰头癌患者肿块密度不均，边界不清，强化不明显，呈相对低密度，胰体尾部常萎缩。多层螺旋CT诊断胆管癌准确性、敏感度、特异度分别为88.9%、88.9%、83.3%；诊断胰头癌准确性、敏感度、特异度分别为75.0%、85.7%、91.3%；诊断壶腹癌准确性、敏感度、特异度分别为75.0%、60.0%、96.0%。多层螺旋CT诊断与病理检查诊断结果经Kappa一致性检验分析，κ=0.70，P<0.01。 结论多层螺旋CT对于引起恶性梗阻性黄疸的壶腹区肿瘤术前诊断与病理诊断有较好一致性，能清晰显示胆道梗阻部位、程度、肿块以及与周围血管的关系，可作为临床诊断的常规影像学手段。     

Can MRCP replace ERCP for the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis?

Background  It is of utmost importance that autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) be differentiated from pancreatic cancer. Irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct is a characteristic finding in AIP; it is useful for differentiating AIP from pancreatic cancer stenosis. This study evaluated the usefulness of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) for the diagnosis of AIP and assessed whether MRCP could replace endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for diagnosing AIP. Methods  The MRCP and ERCP findings of 20 AIP patients were compared. Results  On MRCP, the narrowed portion of the main pancreatic duct was not visualized, while the noninvolved segments of the pancreatic duct were visualized. The degree of upstream dilatation of the proximal main pancreatic duct was milder in AIP than in pancreatic cancer patients. In the skipped type, only skipped narrowed lesions were not visualized. After steroid therapy for AIP, the nonvisualized main pancreatic duct became visualized. Conclusions  MRCP cannot replace ERCP for the diagnosis of AIP, since narrowing of the main pancreatic duct in AIP was not visualized on MRCP. MRCP findings of segmental or skipped nonvisualized main pancreatic duct accompanied by a less dilated upstream main pancreatic duct may suggest the presence of AIP. MRCP is useful for following AIP patients.