博安霉素对人食管癌等抑瘤作用的实验研究

目的：研究博安霉素（boanmycin)在体内外对人食管癌细胞等的抑瘤作用。方法：采用MTT法检测博安霉素在人体外对5种人癌细胞的细胞毒作用。同时用裸鼠异种移植人食管癌细胞模型观察博安霉素对人食管癌的抑瘤作用。结果：博安霉素在体外对5种肿瘤细胞均有明显的细胞毒作用。博安霉素在10．0mg/kg和15．0mg/kg剂量下对裸鼠异种移植人食管癌HEC2的抑制率分别为85．2％，90．6％；在7．5mg/kg和15．0mg/kg剂量下对裸鼠异种移植人食管癌Eca-109的抑制率分别为81．2％，92．0％，结论：博安霉素在体内外对人食管癌细胞等具有显著的抑瘤作用。     

松塔球提取物的抑突变性研究

目的：了解松塔球提取物的抑突变作用。方法：不同剂量（50、250和500mg/kg）的松塔球碱性提取物溶液与环磷酰胺（50mg/kg）联用,连续4d腹腔注射昆明小鼠,取骨髓制片,计数含微核的骨骼嗜多染红细胞。结果：50mg/kg松塔球提取物溶液和环磷酰胺联用时与环磷酰胺组比较微核率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;松塔球提取物250和500mg/kg剂量与环磷酰胺联用组微核率明显低于环磷酰胺组（P〈0.05）,其微核抑制率分别为22.35%、65.35%。雌性和雄性小鼠组间微核率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：松塔球提取物可有效抑制环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠骨髓细胞微核的产生,并且存在明显的剂量-反应关系,具有抑突变性,提示松塔球提取物对肿瘤的防治可能具有积极的作用。     

银莲花素A对S180、H22和U14细胞小鼠移植瘤的抑制作用

背景与目的:有研究证明,从两头尖中分离得到的三萜皂甙银莲花素A在体外具有较好的抑瘤活性.本研究将观察银莲花素A在体内对小鼠移植瘤的抑制活性.方法:MTT法检测银莲花素A对人鼻咽癌KB细胞和人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞的抑制率.体内实验选取小鼠肉瘤S180细胞、小鼠肝癌H22细胞和小鼠宫颈癌U14细胞.观察银莲花素A注射给药对S180、H22和U14细胞小鼠移植瘤的抑瘤率,以及灌胃给药对小鼠肉瘤S180移植瘤的抑瘤率.测定银莲花素A的急性毒性.结果:银莲花素A在体外对KB细胞和SKOV3细胞的IC50分别为4.64 μg/mL和1.40 μg/mL.4.5 mg/kg银莲花素A腹腔注射对S180、H22和U14细胞小鼠移植瘤的抑瘤率分别为60.5%、36.2%和61.8%.200 mg/kg灌胃给药时抑瘤率为64.7%.灌胃给药和腹腔注射银莲花素A的LD50分别为1.1 g/kg和16.1 mg/kg.结论:银莲花素A在体内外均具有较好的抑瘤作用,体内可抑制小鼠移植瘤的生长,是一个有潜力的抗癌药物.     

银莲花素A对S180、H22和U14细胞小鼠移植瘤的抑制作用

背景与目的：有研究证明,从两头尖中分离得到的三萜皂甙银莲花素A在体外具有较好的抑瘤活性。本研究将观察银莲花素A在体内对小鼠移植瘤的抑制活性。方法：MTT法检测银莲花素A对人鼻咽癌KB细胞和人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞的抑制率。体内实验选取小鼠肉瘤S180细胞、小鼠肝癌H22细胞和小鼠宫颈癌U14细胞．观察银莲花素A注射给药对S180、H22和U14细胞小鼠移植瘤的抑瘤率,以及灌胃给药对小鼠肉瘤S180移植瘤的抑瘤率。测定银莲花素A的急性毒性。结果：银莲花素A在体外对KB细胞和SKOV3细胞的IC50分别为4．64ug／mL和1.40ug／mL。4．5mg／kg银莲花素A腹腔注射对S180、H22和U14细胞小鼠移植瘤的抑瘤率分别为60．5％、36.2％和61．8％。200mg／kg灌胃给药时抑瘤率为64．7％。灌胃给药和腹腔注射银莲花素A的LD50分别为1．1g／kg和16．1mg／kg。结论：银莲花素A在体内外均具有较好的抑瘤作用,体内可抑制小鼠移植瘤的生长,是一个有潜力的抗癌药物。     

保肺消瘤胶囊制剂抗肺癌的药效学研究

背景与目的:研究保肺肖瘤胶囊的抗肺癌作用.材料与方法:应用体外细胞抑瘤模型及荷瘤裸鼠抑瘤模型研究该药的抗肿瘤作用.结果:通过荷瘤(肺腺癌)裸鼠的药效学研究表明,保肺消瘤胶囊在剂量80～320 mg/kg范围内,有较好的抑癌效果,其抑癌率达48%以上,其中160 mg/kg剂量的抑瘤效果接近于5-Fu的抑瘤效果.体外人肺腺癌细胞模型的观察结果,亦证实了保肺消瘤胶囊有较好的抑制癌细胞增长的效果,使细胞生长速度减缓,有丝分裂指数减低,并使细胞结构破坏.体外实验结果与动物模型的结果相一致.结论:体外及体内实验表明保肺消瘤胶囊具有较好的抑瘤作用.     

扶正抑瘤汤通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路抑制非小细胞肺癌增殖、凋亡及自噬

目的 探讨扶正抑瘤汤对非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移、凋亡、自噬以及PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路的影响。方法 采用不同浓度（12.5 mg/mL、25 mg/mL、50 mg/mL、100 mg/mL、200 mg/mL、400 mg/mL）扶正抑瘤汤体外培养非小细胞肺癌A549细胞, CCK-8法测定细胞增殖抑制率;Transwell小室侵袭实验检测细胞侵袭能力;划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测细胞自噬相关蛋白以及PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路相关蛋白的表达水平;透射电镜下观察自噬溶酶体形成情况。结果 200 mg/mL和400 mg/mL扶正抑瘤汤作用后A549细胞增殖抑制率增加（均P<0.05）。200 mg/mL扶正抑瘤汤作用后A549细胞侵袭和迁移能力降低（均P<0.05）;细胞凋亡率增加（P<0.05）;Beclin-1、LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ蛋白的表达水平升高（均P<0.05）,P62蛋白的表达水平降低（P<0.05）;A549细胞自噬溶酶体数量增加;p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt和p-mTOR/mTOR蛋白的表达降低（均P<0.05）。结论 扶正抑瘤汤可以抑制A549细胞增殖,并促进细胞凋亡和自噬,可能与PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路失活有关,是治疗非小细胞肺癌的潜在药物。     

双特异性溶瘤腺病毒和多柔比星对乳腺癌细胞增殖抑制作用的对比分析

目的:探讨多柔比星和双特异性溶瘤腺病毒（Ad-VT、Ad-T、Ad-VP3、Ad-Mock）对乳腺癌细胞和正常乳腺细胞增殖抑制作用的差异。方法：通过WST-1 实验比较多柔比星和Ad-VT、Ad-T、Ad-VP3、Ad-Mock对乳腺癌细胞增殖的抑制率,并比较两种药物对正常乳腺上皮细胞的存活率的影响。通过Annexin V流式术、Hoechst 法、JC-1 法检测研究溶瘤腺病毒和多柔比星对乳腺癌细胞和正常乳腺上皮细胞杀伤作用的影响,并比较其凋亡率差异。结果：4 种双特异性溶瘤腺病毒均能有效地抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖（P<0.05 或P<0.01）,且抑制效果为Ad-VT>Ad-T>Ad-VP3>Ad-MOCK,抑制作用与时间成正相关。多柔比星也能有效地抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖（P<0.05 或P<0.01）,且随着浓度和时间的增加,抑制效果明显增强;但多柔比星对正常的乳腺上皮细胞也有较强的抑制作用,在72 h、5 μg/ml 条件下抑制率达到80%,而溶瘤腺病毒Ad-VT在72 h 对MCF-10A的抑制率为20%。双特异性溶瘤腺病毒诱导乳腺癌凋亡能力随时间的增加逐渐增强（P<0.05 或P<0.01）,且致凋亡效率为Ad-VT>Ad-T>Ad-VP3>Ad-MOCK,而诱导正常乳腺细胞凋亡能力较弱。多柔比星诱导乳腺癌细胞和正常乳腺上皮细胞凋亡的能力基本相同（P<0.05 或P<0.01）,且都为0.05<0.5<5 μg/ml。结论：双特异性溶瘤腺病毒能有效地抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖,但对正常的乳腺细胞抑制作用较小,双特异性溶瘤腺病毒具有更好的安全性,为肿瘤的生物治疗提供了新的药物。     

灵芝精粉和孢子粉混合物抑制肿瘤细胞生长的实验研究

背景与目的：灵芝是一种具有滋补强身作用的传统中草药。研究表明灵芝对小鼠移植性肿瘤具有生长抑制作用,这种作用一般认为是通过机体免疫系统介导的。我们实验室近来发现灵芝主要成分灵芝精粉和孢子粉混合物（lucid garoderma and lucid garoderma spore,MLGLGS）能抑制拓扑异构酶ⅠⅡ活性,因此,本研究欲进一步观察MLGLGS在体内外对人肿瘤细胞生长的抑制作用。方法：运用MTT法、SRB法研究MLGLGS体外对小鼠白血病P388细胞和10种不同类型人肿瘤细胞株的生长抑制作用,并利用裸小鼠移植瘤模型研究MLGLGS体内对人肺腺癌LAX-83细胞和人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞的生长抑制作用。结果：MLGLGS对P388、U-937和HL-60细胞的IC50值都小于2mg/ml,对2株人胃癌和2株人肺癌细胞的IC50都小于4mg/ml。体内试验结果显示：当MLGLGS为1g/kg时,对人肺腺癌移植瘤的生长抑制率为49.47％;当MLGLGS为2g/kg时,对人胃腺癌移植瘤的生长抑制率为43.09％。结论：高浓度、高剂量MLGLGS有抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用。     

PD-1单抗联合顺铂或吉西他滨化疗对KRAS突变非小细胞肺癌A549 细胞移植瘤小鼠模型的治疗作用

目的：探讨程序性死亡受体-1(PD-1)单抗联合顺铂或吉西他滨在KRAS基因突变非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）A549细胞移植瘤小鼠模型治疗中的作用。方法：构建免疫系统-肿瘤双人源化A549细胞小鼠移植瘤模型,将60只小鼠按随机数字表法分成6组（10只/组）,分别为对照组（200μL/kg PBS）、PD-1单抗组（20 mg/kg PD-1单抗）、顺铂组（3 mg/kg顺铂）、PD-1单抗+顺铂组（20 mg/kg PD-1单抗+3 mg/kg顺铂）、吉西他滨组（30 mg/kg吉西他滨）和PD-1单抗+吉西他滨组（20 mg/kg PD-1单抗+30 mg/kg吉西他滨）。TUNEL和DAPI双染色法检测移植瘤组织中细胞凋亡水平,测量移植瘤体积和质量并计算肿瘤生长抑制率,免疫组化法检测移植瘤微血管密度（MVD）。结果：成功构建免疫系统-肿瘤双人源化NSCLC A549细胞小鼠移植瘤模型,PD-1单抗+顺铂组移植瘤的细胞凋亡率、肿瘤生长抑制率均最高,移植瘤体积、质量和MVD均最小,与其他5组小鼠比较差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论：顺铂与PD-1单抗具有协同活性,而吉西他...     

苦参碱联合高三尖杉酯碱抑制急性髓系白血病HL-60细胞增殖的研究

目的 探讨苦参碱(MAT)联合高三尖杉酯碱(HHT)对人急性髓系白血病(AML)HL-60细胞增殖的抑制作用,寻找经济有效的抗白血病中药.方法 应用CCK8法检测HHT、MAT单药对HL-60细胞的增殖抑制情况,以低于50％抑制浓度(IC50)的HHT与低于10％抑制浓度(IC10)的MAT联合用药,检测联合用药对HL-60细胞的增殖抑制情况.结果 HHT、MAT单独用药时,随着药物浓度增加,对HL-60细胞增殖抑制作用逐渐增强,与剂量呈依赖关系,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).HHT、MAT对HL-60细胞IC50分别为0.042、780 mg/L.MAT对HL-60细胞IC10是32 mg/L,与各相应浓度HHT单独用药比较,不同浓度(0.002 5、0.005 0、0.010 0、0.020 0、0.040 0 mg/L)HHT与MAT(25 mg/L)分别联合用药对HL-60细胞增殖的抑制率均升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 中药提取物HHT、MAT有抑制HL-60细胞增殖作用,联合用药能增强抑制作用.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Increased apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by ceramides in transferrin-modified liposomes

Lysosomes are a promising therapeutic target for induction apoptosis in cancer cells due to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) leading to leakage of hydrolytic enzymes, especially the cathepsins, into the cytoplasm. We hypothesized that with the modification of the ceramide-loaded liposomes with transferrin (Tf), we would achieve both tumor targeting and increased delivery of lysosome-destabilizing agents, such as ceramides to lysosomes, to initiate LMP-induced apoptosis. We prepared Tf-modified (TL) and plain (PL) liposomes and loaded with short (C6)- or long (C16) N-acyl chain ceramides. Uptake, intracellular localization of liposomes, stability of the lysosomal membrane and release of cathepsin D were investigated on Hela cells by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by binding of fluorescently-labeled Annexin V. Antitumor and pro-apoptotic effects of C6Cer-loaded Tf-liposomes were demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. TL were internalized specifically via the TfR-dependent endocytic pathway and localized within the endosome-lysosomal compartment. Ceramide-loaded Tf-liposomes significantly increased apoptosis compared with ceramide-free and ceramide-loaded non-modified liposomes. The treatment of cancer cells with TL led to increased LMP and cytoplasmic relocation of the intralysosomal cathepsin D. A strong antitumor and pro-apoptotic effect of C6Cer-loaded TL was also demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. The lysosomal accumulation of ceramides delivered by Tf-liposomes initiates the permeabilization of the lysosomal membranes required for the release of lysosomal cathepsins into the cytoplasm and initiation of the cancer cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Survey of changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China and to determine the need for encouraging the adherence to a sensible diet among such patients.Methods A total of 468 cancer patients were interviewed using a self-designed questionnaire focusing on changes in the intake of specific foods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results Most patients completely avoided roosters and carp(73.1%), condiments(51.9%), and meat of aquatic species(40.4%). All other types of the specific foods were completely avoided by different subpopulations of the patients.Conclusion In addition to focusing on disease treatment, medical professionals need to help cancer patients overcome barriers associated with the customs of avoiding specific foods encompassed by the term ”fawu” and provide them with dietary guidance in order to prevent negative nutritional effects.     

Socioeconomic factors in cancer in Sweden

It is well known that certain cancers have shown clustering in socioeconomic groups, but limited data are available on recent results and time trends in such clustering. We determined standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for cancer, adjusted for age, period, region, parity and age at first childbirth among men and women in 6 socioeconomic groups based on the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Persons had to be identified with the same socioeconomic status in the census of years 1960 and 1970, or of years 1960, 1970 and 1980; the comparison group was all people according to the same censuses. Cancers were followed from years 1970 to 1998 or from 1980 to 1998. Both increased and decreased SIRs were found, and a consistent pattern emerged, although the overall SIRs for cancer did not differ much, the lowest being for farmers (0.85) and the highest for professional men (1.07) and women (1.11). At individual sites, manual workers were at risk of tobacco-, alcohol- and occupation- and human papilloma virus-related cancers and at a decreased risk at most other cancers. Manual workers and farmers showed an excess of stomach cancer; professionals had an excess of melanoma and squamous cell skin cancer. Male and female SIRs correlated highly for manual and blue-collar workers and for professionals. The overall population-attributable fraction for selected sites was 16.7% for men and 10.9% for women and it was highest, over 50%, for lung cancer in both genders.     

Advances in cancer epidemiology in Japan

Epidemiologists in Japan have been performing calculations to estimate nationwide cancer incidence rates as well as 5‐year survival rates using population‐based cancer registry data. There have been remarkable changes in cancer incidence and/or mortality in cancers of the lung, liver and stomach, which were thought to be attributed to the changing impact of exposure to cigarette smoking, chronic hepatitis C virus infection and Helicobacter pylori infection, respectively. In systematic reviews providing evidence in risk/protective factors for cancer sites using case–control and cohort studies of the Japanese population, there were associations between cancer sites (esophagus, stomach, colo‐rectum, liver, pancreas, lung and breast) and various lifestyle factors. In the past 10 years, a hospital‐based case–control study at Aichi Cancer Center provided valuable evidence of gene‐environment interaction on the development of cancer [i.e., the effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on esophageal cancer, ALDH2 polymorphism and smoking on lung cancer, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on pancreatic cancer]. The database with stored DNA was also used and identified seven loci containing significant but low‐penetrance polymorphisms associated with the development of breast cancer. These findings together with established risk factors are likely to be useful to predict personalized breast cancer risk in East Asian women. In 2005, the Japan Multi‐Institution Collaborative Cohort (J‐MICC) study was launched to elucidate gene‐environment interactions as well as to confirm preclinical diagnostic biomarkers of cancer. J‐MICC, which has recruited 92,000 healthy individuals by the end of 2012, will follow the individuals until 2025.     

整合素在急性白血病中的研究进展

急性白血病是一种早期造血干/祖细咆的恶性克隆性疾病.微小残留病和耐药被认为是其复发和难治的根源.近来,越来越多的证据显示白血病细胞通过与骨髓微环境中的基质细胞或细胞外基质相互作用促进其存活,并增强其对常规化疗药物的耐药.整合素是介导细胞与细胞外基质（细胞与非细胞成分）粘连的最主要黏附分子,在细胞增殖、存活等生物学过程中发挥关键作用,但作用机制尚不完全清楚.现就目前揭示的整合素及肿瘤微环境在急性白血病发生、发展中的作用进行综述.     

Foreign bodies in ENT in a teaching hospital in Eastern India

Objective

To evaluate the nature, common sites, modes of presentation of various foreign bodies (FB) in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT).

Materials and methods

Observational retrospective study carried out at Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan. The study period was between Jan 2006 to Jan 2007. The information obtained from the hospital record books.

Results

Four hundred and eighty-two patients presented in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, in the study period with FB in their ENT. Out of 482 pts, the commonest location of FB was to be in throat with 302 pts (62%) followed by ear with 119 pts (25%) and nose 61 pts (13%). Amongst the FB in throat the commonest was fish bone and the commonest site being tonsils. Artificial denture accounted for a significant number of 13 (4.3%). External auditory canal was the commonest site of FB lodgment in ear found in 118 patients (99.16%). Nasal FB were found in 61 patients; more common in pediatric age group (98.36%).

Conclusion

From this study we have found that FB lodgement is a very common complaint with which patients come to otolaryngologist. The commonest site of FB lodgement is in the throat. Most of the FB could be removed in emergency room (ER) with or without Local Anesthesia.