文蛤肉的药理作用

报道了文蛤肉冷提取物的部分药作用。实验结果表明，文蛤肉能明显提高小鼠血清溶血素水平。促进了小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应，增加小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分率和吞噬指数，提高老年小鼠血清ＴＳＯＤ活力和降低老年小鼠血清ＭＤＡ含量，此外，尚能延长小鼠游泳时间。     

蚁皇口服液治疗慢性乙型肝炎的药效学研究

不同剂量的蚁皇口服液对正常小鼠的ＤＮＦＢ性ＤＴＨ的明显的调节作用，并能拮抗Ｃｙ所致的小鼠ＤＴＨ的增高或降低，使其趋向正常化，能显著抑制和提高小鼠ＰＦＣ的形成，提高脾淋巴细胞特异性抗体的合成和分泌，促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能和增加小鼠胸腺和脾脏重量。较大剂量、长时间给药时，对四氯化碳引起的肝损伤具有保护作用，可降低血清ＡＬＴ和ＡＳＴ的活性，减较肝细胞的脂肪变性和坏死；促进慢性肝损伤的白蛋白合成，     

健脾止泻颗粒对脾虚泄泻小鼠微生态及小肠和胸腺超微结构影响的实验研究

目的：探讨健脾止泻颗粒对脾虚泄泻小鼠微生态及对小肠和胸腺超微结构的作用。方法：用100％大黄水浸液复制小鼠脾虚泄泻模型，观察健脾止泻颗粒对小鼠微生态的影响，通过电镜观察对受损小肠黏膜和胸腺的修复作用。结果：健脾止泻颗粒对实验性脾虚泄泻小鼠的肠道菌群有调节作用，能使受损的小肠上皮细胞微绒毛结构明显改善，促进小鼠胸腺线粒体等细胞器的复制。结论：健脾止泻颗粒可通过调节肠道微生态平衡，改善小肠吸收细胞微绒毛的结构和促进线粒体的复制而发挥治疗作用。     

海藻硫酸多糖对正常及免疫低下鼠的免疫调节作用

海藻硫酸多糖可增强正常小鼠体内外淋巴细胞增殖反庆，促进小鼠体内淋巴细胞产生白介素２，巨噬细胞产生白介素１，对正常小鼠自然杀伤细胞活性和溶血素生成等较好的促进作用，对由环磷酰胺所致免疫低下小鼠的淋巴细胞增殖反庆，迟发型超敏反应及溶血素生成有较好的恢复作用。     

复方苦参注射液治疗银屑病的实验研究

目的：研究复方苦参注射液对银悄病的两种动物实验模型的作用。方法：采用小鼠阴道上皮细胞有丝分裂模型及小鼠尾部鳞片表皮模型，以甲氨碟呤为阳性对照，评价复方苦参注射液抑制细胞有丝分裂和促进颗粒层形成的作用。结果：复方苦参注射液能非常显著地抑制小鼠阴道上皮细胞有丝分裂（P＜0.01)，并能非常显著地促进小鼠尾部鳞片表皮的颗粒层形成（P＜0.01)，而且两种作用均较甲氨碟呤为强。结论：复方苦参注射液对小鼠银屑病模型具有较好的药理作用，其治疗银屑病的机理可能与抑制表皮细胞增生过快和促进表皮形成颗粒层有关。     

螺旋藻多糖（PSP）对免疫功能的影响

小鼠ｉｐＰＳＰ１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ连续７ｄ可明显增加脾重，能显著促进腹腔Ｍ吞噬功能，单抗Ｍ系统清除血液碳粒的速率及血清溶血素的形成，并能显著的抗Ｃｙ所致小鼠胸腺与脾脏萎缩，腹腔Ｍ吞噬功能降低，血清溶血素所成减少及脾抗体形成细胞功能的抑制作用，ＰＳＰ还可显著促进ＣｏｎＡ诱导的体外小鼠淋巴细胞转化，最适剂量为１０μｇ／ｍｌ～１６０μｇ／ｍｌ，另外ｉｐＰＳＰ１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，连续１２ｄ，可明显促进小鼠Ｋ细胞     

人参皂苷Rb1促进小鼠口腔溃疡愈合的作用机制研究

目的:考察人参皂苷Rb1对小鼠口腔溃疡愈合的促进作用，探讨其通过抑制炎症和提高细胞增殖来促进溃疡愈合的机制。方法:建立小鼠口腔溃疡动物模型；利用分离得到的原代小鼠口腔黏膜成纤维细胞和体外培养的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7,建立脂多糖(LPS)诱导的炎症细胞模型。分别考察人参皂苷Rb1对小鼠口腔溃疡愈合的促进作用，使用ELISA法、Western bloting、RT-qPCR法等，检测小鼠血清和体外培养细胞中，与细胞增殖和炎症相关因子的含量，以及胶原蛋白的含量。结果:人参皂苷Rb1促进小鼠口腔溃疡愈合率最高达到85.7%,远超阴性对照(28.6%),优于阳性对照的西瓜霜(71.4%)。在小鼠血清中，人参皂苷Rb1降低了炎症因子IL-17的含量，提高了TGF-β1的含量。在体外培养的口腔黏膜成纤维细胞中，人参皂苷Rb1显著提高了TGF-β1、CTFG、IL-10、Col1a1和Col3a1的基因转录，同时提高了细胞增殖，降低了促炎因子(CXCL2、CXCL10和IL-6)的基因转录。其中对TLR2和TLR4转录的显著促进作用，说明人参皂苷Rb1促进了细胞对炎症刺激的应答。在小鼠巨噬细胞R...     

佳加消食口服液药理作用研究

目的 对佳加消食口服液的主要药理作用进行实验研究。方法 按常规的药理试验方法观察佳加消食口服液对健康小鼠体质量和小肠推进率的影响；对大黄所致脾虚小鼠体质量、游泳时间和低温存活时间的影响；对健康Wistar大鼠胃液量和胃蛋白酶活性的作用。结果 佳加消食口服液可增加健康小鼠体质量并显著促进小鼠小肠推进性运动；增加大黄造成脾虚小鼠体质量并延长其游泳时间和低温存活时间；增加Wistar大鼠胃液分泌总量，但对其胃蛋白酶活性的影响不显著。结论 佳加消食口服液具有促进生长发育、改善小肠动力、对抗人工脾虚、促进胃液分泌等作用，有利于食物的消化吸收，为本品治疗小儿厌食症提供药理学依据。     

可得力对小鼠免疫功能的作用

ig可得力能明显提高小鼠体内溶血素水平，升高淋巴细胞转化指数，促进迟发型超敏反应，桔抗环磷酰胺所致的白细胞减少。提示可得力能明显提高小鼠细胞免疫功能和体液免疫功能。     

清咽糖浆的药理作用研究

目的：观察清咽糖浆抑菌抗病毒，抗炎，对免疫的增强作用和镇痛的药理作用，为临床治疗急慢性咽炎提供实验依据。方法：采用液体试管法，病毒吸附法观察其抑菌，抗病毒作用，用乙酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增强，蛋清致大鼠足肿胀，羧甲基纤维素钠致小鼠白细胞聚集的方法观察其抗炎作用。采用小鼠尾静脉注射墨汁的方法观察其对小鼠单巨噬细胞蚕噬功能的影响，用乙酸致小鼠扭体次数的改变观察其镇痛作用。结果：清咽糖浆能抑制甲型，乙型溶血型链球菌，金黄色，白色葡萄球菌，肺炎双球菌的体外生长；1：10浓度对腺病毒3型，7型与流感病毒1型，3型有灭活作用。显著降低乙酸所致小鼠的毛细血管通透性，抑制大鼠的足肿胀，抑制大鼠羧甲基纤维素钠诱导的白细胞聚集；有促进小鼠单核巨噬细胞蚕噬功能的作用，显著减少小鼠乙酸扭体次数。结论：本品具抑菌抗病毒作用，有免疫促进和镇痛作用。     

The debate on DDT

The paper reviews the early toxicologic and pharmacologic studies carried out by the author and his associates from 1943 to 1947, which were largely responsible for launching DDT as an agent for the control of typhus, malaria, yellow fever, and related vector-borne diseases. After reviewing recent studies conducted at the University of Miami, which dealt with organochlorine pesticides in human tissues, the tumorigenicity of aldrin, dieldrin and endrin (rat), six-generation mouse and three-generation dog reproduction studies, synergism of DDT and aldrin (dog), and the fate of DDT and aldrin during a period of severe starvation (rat), it is pointed out that it is primarily the overuse and misuse of DDT in pest control that have caused the pollution in our ecology. It is emphasized that the requirements for pest control differ the world over and that it must therefore be left to the national regulatory agencies to legislate the safe use of DDT and related pesticides. It is recommended that future human and animal studies with DDT and its derivatives give consideration to: (a) the balance and metabolism of the various hormones, (b) reproduction (estrus, libido, mammary development, milk production, (c) hepatic microsomal enzyme activities, (d) cancer prevention and cancer production, (e) excessive body weight changes induced by disease, unbalanced diet or starvation, and (f) the effects of DDT and its derivatives when absorbed in combination with other related and even unrelated compounds.Presented at the joint meeting of the Scandinavian and German Pharmacological Societies, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 20–23, 1971.     

Caffeine and diazepam: Separate and combined effects on mood,memory, and psychomotor performance

The effects of caffeine and diazepam on several mood, cognitive, learning, memory, and psychomotor tasks were investigated in a double-blind study of 108 young healthy adults who were randomly assigned to nine treatments; oral administration of caffeine (0, 3 and 6 mg/kg), diazepam (0, 0.15, and 0.30 mg/kg) and their combinations. Subjects completed a battery of tasks once before and twice after administration of the drugs. Caffeine alone showed no effects on cognitive, learning, and memory performance, but impaired fine motor coordination and increased anxiety and tenseness. Diazepam alone produced sedation, lowered other ratings of subjective moods, and impaired cognitive, learning, and memory performance. The two drugs did not antagonize the effects of each other, except in the symbol cancellation task.     

海星皂苷生物活性与制备研究进展

海洋是全球药物研发的重要宝库，提高海洋生物资源深度开发和高值化利用能力，是我国海洋强国战略的重要组成部分，也是促进海洋经济可持续发展及实施“蓝色药库”的关键途径之一。海星属典型的棘皮动物，进化地位和生物学特征独特，是国际公认的药用/保健用海洋生物。海星中含有皂苷、多糖、多肽、氨基酸、胶原蛋白、甾醇及生物碱等多种营养成分和活性物质，其中海星皂苷在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗衰老及降血脂等方面展现出良好的生物活性，在食品和药物研发领域具有巨大的发展潜力和广阔的应用前景。本文系统检索了近30年海星皂苷的研发现况，并且对近15年来海星皂苷的生物活性、提取分离及相关专利等方面取得的研究进展进行梳理，进而为其在营养保健和药物研发中的应用提供相关理论支持。     

医用纳米与基因药物口服化的探索

口服给药乃是疾病防治的主要手段之一,由于方便、有效、舒适、安全受到患者与医生的普遍欢迎。但是大分子药物在肠道的摄取和吸收仍然缺乏详尽的有效研究。最近十多年来，利用纳米技术开展大分子药物在肠道的摄取和吸收取得了可喜的进展。本文系统地阐述纳米颗粒、蛋白转导、纳米微粒在肠道的摄取位点、摄取细胞种类与吸收的关系。本文对口服给药基因治疗这一新颖的给药途径的探索予以重点介绍，并讨论了目前口服基因药物传递及基因表达的主要障碍和未来发展趋势。     

虎杖的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

对近10年来中外期刊有关虎杖Polygonum cuspidatum的研究成果进行了检索,对从虎杖中分离并鉴定的化学成分及药理活性研究进展进行总结。虎杖中主要含有蒽醌类、二苯乙烯类、黄酮类、香豆素类以及一些脂肪酸类化合物,具有多种药理作用,包括抗炎、抗病毒、抗菌、调血脂、抗血栓、改变血流变、扩张血管、保护心肌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤,改善阿尔茨海默病及预防艾滋病等。多年来对虎杖的研究成果证明了其应用前景和开发价值,为更好地利用该资源提供依据。     

肠道菌群与健康、疾病和药物作用的影响

肠道菌群作为人体内一个复杂的微生态系统,在维持人体微生态的稳态中,肠道菌群在维持宿主生理功能具有上非常重要的作用,也对许多代谢性疾病、免疫性疾病以及肿瘤都有着密切的关系,且对于药物治疗合理安全有效具有重要意义。本文从正视存在人体的细菌的有益性和有害性、肠道菌群与健康和寿命、肠道菌群与疾病以及药物作用的影响等4方面分析和讨论。肠道菌群与不同类型药物的关系已经成为近些年的热点研究领域,本文分别讨论免疫治疗、化学药物、抗生素和中药的相关问题,希望为认识药物治疗过程、科学合理用药、认识药物作用机制、新药研究开发等研究有所参考。     

Dietary phytochemicals and their potential effects on obesity: A review

The incidence of obesity is rising at an alarming rate and is becoming a major public health concern with incalculable social costs. Indeed, obesity facilitates the development of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases in addition to chronic diseases such as stroke, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, some cancers, and inflammation-bases pathologies. In this review we summarize the progresses made in our understanding of obesity, including the role of inflammation process, the recently understood endocrine function of adipose tissue, as well as passive roles of processes of energy storage and adipogenesis related to fat cell lifecycle: differentiation, maturation, and apoptosis. In addition, the article discusses the anti-obesity potential of dietary phytochemicals and analyzes their mechanisms of action, e.g. induction of apoptosis and lipolysis and inhibition of inflammation.     

新疆高寒地区家畜、家禽胆汁与肠内容物中的弯曲菌带菌情况的调查分析

目的调查高寒地区家畜、家禽胆汁与肠内容物中弯曲菌的分布情况。方法对12种家畜、家禽胆汁与肠内容物中的弯曲菌进行分离、培养、鉴定,并观察7种家畜、家禽胆汁弯曲菌的存活时间。结果在1814份家畜、家禽胆汁中发现,猪、牛、马、羊、狗、猫、鸡、鹅、鸭、鹌鹑、鸽子、家兔的胆汁中弯曲菌带菌率分别为6.67%、4.17%、4.94%、3.64%、8.93%、19.05%、6.41%、2.78%、6.48%、24.39%、5.66%、0。体外实验证明,弯曲菌在胆汁中可存活4～7周。结论高寒地区家畜、家禽肠内容物的带菌率均高于同种家畜、家禽的胆汁带菌率,提示该区家畜、家禽是弯曲菌的重要传染源。     

Heavy metals in raw,fried and grilled Mediterranean finfish and shellfish

The effect of domestic pan-frying and grilling on Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn content of popular small Mediterranean finfish and shellfish was studied. The species selected -namely anchovy, bogue, hake, picarel, sardine, sand smelt, stripped mullet, Mediterranean mussel, shrimp and squid- are among the most commonly marketed and consumed in Greece and most of the Mediterranean countries. Both culinary practices examined resulted in increased metals concentrations compared to those of raw samples, the increment being inversely related to fish size and -in most cases- being more extended in pan-frying. The consumption of cooked seafood is expected to provide significant amounts of Fe and Zn followed, in decreasing order, by Cr, Cu and Ni. In addition, the estimation of (a) weekly intakes and (b) target hazard quotients for the toxic elements Cd, Hg and Pb revealed that the cooked fish and shellfish do not pose any health risk for the consumers.     

The concept of conditional pharmacology and toxicology

The concept of conditional pharmacology as initially elucidated by Dr Michael Whitehouse and his colleagues from their studies of drug-disease interactions has broad import in a rational drug discovery and development programme. The concept can be extended to toxicology and thus can be viewed as encompassing virtually all means and methods of discovering and enhancing the efficacy, while reducing the toxicity of drugs and biologics. The concept involves employing the physiological or metabolic activity, genetic and/or molecular structure of the host, of the disease process and/or of the parasite to activate and target the drug or biologic, as well as to regulate and delimit its activity. Thus, the concept not only applies to the treatment of inflammatory diseases, but also to the treatment of neoplastic and infectious diseases, to facilitating wound healing, and is in fact an underlying assumption, and expected consequence, of successful gene therapy. The concept applies to clinical studies as well, arguing for more pharmacokinetic and chrono-pharmacological studies in the early phases of clinical testing and the inclusion in later-stage clinical trials of more diverse populations, as regards age, gender and ethnicity, if the indication warrants. Facilitating and monitoring compliance, post-as well as pre-market approval, also are critical components of the fully implemented concept.