剑脐入路内镜全腹膜外腹膜前修补术在上腹中线腹壁疝中的应用

目的内镜完全腹膜外Sublay(totally extraperitoneal Sublay,TES)修补是近年治疗腹壁疝的新进展,腹膜前层面修补有助于进一步减轻腹壁创伤。笔者描述了剑脐入路内镜下全腹膜外途径的腹膜前修补上腹中线腹壁疝的初步尝试。 方法回顾2019年10月至2020年4月采用该项手术的9例患者,记录与分析患者资料、疝与手术情况、术后情况与短期随访结果。 结果9例患者均完成修补,手术时间(128±54)min,术后恢复快,无患者因并发症再次入院。无术中、术后严重并发症发生,仅1例术后发生血清肿。短期随访期间(2～6个月)无术区感染、疼痛、穿刺孔疝与复发等。 结论腹膜前修补有助于进一步降低TES修补对腹壁的创伤;与耻骨上入路比较,剑脐入路能更方便进行中、上腹小型腹壁疝的腹膜前修补。     

内镜下全腹膜外Sublay修补在腹壁疝中的应用

目的评价腹壁疝内镜下全腹膜外Sublay(TES)手术的效果并总结经验。方法回顾性总结国内10所医院自2016年3月至2019年7月115例腹壁疝内镜下TES手术的患者资料。分析患者情况、疝的特点、手术经过和结果。结果115例计划实施TES的患者中,因严重腹膜破损中转为IPOM修补患者1例,其余均成功手术。可以缝合缺损患者108例(94.74%),需要永久补片固定患者15例(13.16%)。放置引流患者76例(66.67%),中位手术时间为144 min,术中无严重并发症发生。随访时间3~45个月,总并发症发生率为20例(17.54%),其中出现血清肿患者5例(4.38%)。绝大多数患者术后仅出现轻微疼痛,未出现慢性疼痛。结论在腹壁疝的治疗中,对熟悉腹壁解剖的外科医师而言,TES是一种有效、安全的修复手段。在熟悉手术的基础上适应症可逐步拓展。     

补片上置修补术治疗腹壁切口疝18例体会

目的探讨补片上置修补术治疗腹壁切口疝的效果。方法对18例腹壁切口疝患者采取补片上置修补术治疗,回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果 18例患者均成功完成手术。手术时间90~120 min,术后住院时间9~12 d。未发生切口感染及补片排异反应等并发症,均痊愈出院。随访1~3 a,无复发病例,患者无不适感觉,疗效满意。结论加强围手术期处理,采用补片上置修补术治疗腹壁切口疝,操作简单易掌握、费用低廉、近期并发症少、远期复发率低,效果肯定,是治疗腹壁切口疝的合理术式。     

单孔Port技术在腹壁疝全腹膜外Sublay修补术中的应用

目的评价单孔Port技术应用于腹壁疝全腹膜外Sublay（TES）修补的可行性并总结手术经验。 方法回顾性分析2019年5至7月，上海交通大学附属第一人民医院5例结合单孔Port的腹壁疝TES修补术患者的临床资料。所有患者经专家门诊随访，对术中和术后情况的数据进行搜集、整理和统计分析，并评价本组腹壁疝患者手术时间、观察术后引流量和并发症发生情况。 结果所有腹壁疝患者均顺利完成手术，手术时间120～300（184.00±73.92）min，引流量少，无近期并发症，术后第1天疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）（1.00±0.63）分，第14天VAS（1.20±1.17）分。 结论利用Port减孔和单孔手术可以进行腹壁疝TES修补术。单孔Port技术与TES结合，可以给腹壁疝患者更多微创选择。     

腹腔镜下无张力疝修补术治疗腹壁切口疝的临床疗效观察

目的观察腹腔镜下无张力疝修补术治疗腹壁切口疝的效果。方法对26例术后切口疝患者应用腹腔镜行无张力疝修补术。回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果 26例均顺利完成手术,手术时间55~97 min,术后住院时间4~10 d。术后腹壁血清肿2例,未发生切口感染等其他并发症。患者均获随访6~12个月,无复发病例。结论腹腔镜下无张力疝修补术治疗腹壁切口疝,复发率低、并发症少,术后恢复快。     

腹腔镜腹壁切口疝补片修补术的应用体会

目的：探讨腹腔镜腹壁切口疝补片修补术的临床应用价值及安全性。方法：2005年8月至2006年10月我院为8例腹壁切口疝患者使用自膨胀式聚丙烯-膨化聚四氟乙烯双面复合型补片行腹腔镜腹壁切口疝修补术，其中2例联合行胆囊切除术。结果：8例手术均获成功，手术时间55～150min，平均85min，无手术死亡病例及并发症发生，患者术后8～24h后下床活动，1—2d排气，术后疼痛轻，2—3d后完全缓解，3—7d（平均4d）患者顺利康复出院。随访12～24个月无复发。结论：腹腔镜腹壁切口疝修补术安全可靠，具有创伤小、术后康复快、并发症少、不增加手术穿刺孔、可完成联合手术等优点，临床应用前景广阔。     

腹腔镜下经腹腔腹壁切口疝修补术16例体会

目的探讨腹腔镜经腹腔腹膜前网片修补术治疗腹壁切口疝的特点及疗效。方法回顾分析2005年11月至2008年8月16例患者腹壁切口疝采用腹腔镜手术治疗的临床资料。结果14例手术均在腹腔镜下完成，两例因粘连中转手术，手术时间65～85min，平均73min；术后2～48h患者下床活动，住院4—6d，无并发症发生，术后随访2～24个月，1例复发（6．25％）。结论腹腔镜治疗腹壁切口疝是安全可行的疝修补方法，遵循疝修补无张力的原则，具有患者痛苦轻、康复快等特点，是治疗腹壁切口疝的有效手段。     

Sublay法无张力修补术治疗腹壁切口疝(附21例报告)

目的探讨Sublay法腹壁切口疝无张力修补术的手术方法和疗效。方法回顾性总结和分析2003年至2009年我院Sublay法无张力修补术治疗21例腹壁切口疝的临床资料。结果21例患者均痊愈出院,无严重并发症出现,无死亡病例。21例患者均获随访,随访时间5～60个月,平均23个月。5例(24%)有术后慢性疼痛,3例(14%)有腹壁异物感,1例(5%)术后22个月后复发,其余患者随访至今未出现复发,但有3例(14%)出现手术修补区域的局部膨出。结论Sublay法腹壁切口疝无张力修补术对腹腔内脏器影响小,术后恢复快,复发率低,是最为牢固的修补方法之一。     

腹腔镜修补多发性腹壁切口疝

目的 探讨腹腔镜修补多发腹壁切口疝的手术方法和应用价值。方法 2008年2月首都医科大学宣武医院普外科收治1例腹部三次手术后共造成腹部四处切口疝的复杂病例,切口疝长径分别为12、9、6及3cm。采用疝修补缝合钉固定腹腔内大面积复合补片,行腹腔镜修补术。结果 腹腔镜一次修补4个腹壁切口疝手术成功,无肠管损伤等并发症,术后随访6个月无腹壁切口疝复发。结论 腹腔镜多发腹壁切口疝修补术安全、有效。在开腹手术中暴露多个缺损的难点,在腹腔镜手术中难度大大降低。腹腔镜多发腹壁切口疝修补术不但具有微创优势,而且更能发挥其技术优势。     

切口疝的杂交修补技术

目的 探讨杂交手术在切口疝修补术中的优缺点和手术技巧。方法 对2011年5月至2013年10月绍兴市人民医院进行的11例切口疝杂交修补术临床资料进行回顾分析。结果 11例切口疝杂交修补术全部成功。杂交手术原因：腹腔镜下粘连分离出现肠破裂1例,8例因粘连严重,分离困难而中转;2例因疝囊巨大,需要整形转为杂交手术。手术时间平均（170±42）min,术中出血量平均（46±30）m1;患者术后24、48和72h疼痛视觉评估评分为（5．9±1．8）分、（5．1±2．O）分和（3．4±1．3）分。术后住院3—9d,平均（5．3±1．8）d。11例患者均获随访,随访（14±8）个月,术后浆液肿1例,无切口疝复发,无血肿、感染、肠漏及术后腹壁慢性疼痛等并发症发生。结论 合理运用杂交修补手术能缩短手术时间,减少并发症,是安全可行的。     

Laparoscopic ventral and incisional hernia repair: An 11-year experience

Incisional hernias develop in 2%–20% of laparotomy incisions, necessitating approximately 90,000 ventral hernia repairs per year. Although a common general surgical problem, a "best" method for repair has yet to be identified, as evidenced by documented recurrence rates of 25%–52% with primary open repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic ventral and incisional herniorrhaphy. From February 1991 through November 2002, a total of 384 patients were treated by laparoscopic technique for primary and recurrent umbilical hernias, ventral incisional hernias, and spigelian hernias. The technique was essentially the same for each procedure and involved lysis of adhesions, reduction of hernia contents, closure of the defect, and 3–5 cm circumferential mesh coverage of all hernias. Of the 384 patients in our study group, there were 212 females and 172 males with a mean age of 58.3 years (range 27–100 years). Ninety-six percent of the hernia repairs were completed laparoscopically. Mean operating time was 68 min (range 14–405 min), and estimated average blood loss was 25 mL (range 10–200 mL). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.9 days and ranged from same-day discharge to 36 days. The overall postoperative complication rate was 10.1%. There have been 11 recurrences (2.9%) during a mean follow-up time of 47.1 months (range 1–141 months). Laparoscopic ventral and incisional hernia repair, based on the Rives-Stoppa technique, is a safe, feasible, and effective alternative to open techniques. More long-term follow-up is still required to further evaluate the true effectiveness of this operation.     

Laparoscopic repair of incisional and ventral hernia

The application of laparoscopic principles to ventral or incisional hernia repair has recently been shown to be a safe and effective alternative to open procedures. In this study we analyzed our recent experience with laparoscopic incisional-ventral hernia repair. The outcomes of 75 consecutive patients (January 2002 to July 2006) who underwent laparoscopic repair for incisional-ventral hernia were reviewed. Patient's demographics, hernia parameters, and intraoperative and postoperative data were collected. Of the 75 patients, 44 were females and 31 males. Mean age was 59.1 yrs (range 29-80 yrs). Mean BMI was 25.9 (range 19.4-36.7). Twenty-one patients had primary ventral hernias while 54 patients had an incisional hernia. Fifty-three patients had a single defect and 22 patients multiple defects. In 45 cases the incisional hernia was a primary hernia; in 4 cases it was a first recurrence; in 2 cases a 2nd recurrence; and in 3 cases a 3rd recurrence. The mean defect size was 52,7 cm2 (range 4-432). Laparoscopic hernia repair was successfully performed in 71 cases (94.7%). The mean mesh size was 211 cm2 (range 63-694). Mean operating time was 101 min (range 50-220 min). The mean hospital stay was 4.7 days. The postoperative morbidity rate was 14%. After a mean follow-up of 24.6 months (range 7-56) the recurrence rate was 7% (5/71). Laparoscopic repair of incisional-ventral hernias seems to be safe and effective. Medium-term outcomes were promising with a relatively low rate of conversion to open surgery, a low complication rate and a low risk of recurrence.     

Laparoscopic ePTFE mesh repair of incisional and ventral hernias

Incisional hernia is a relatively frequent complication of abdominal surgery. The use of mesh to repair incisional and ventral hernias results in lower recurrence rates compared with primary suture techniques. The laparoscopic approach may be associated with lower postoperative morbidity compared with open procedures. Long-term recurrence rates after laparoscopic ventral and incisional hernias are not well defined. A prospective study of the initial experience of a standardized technique of laparoscopic incisional and ventral hernia repair carried out in a tertiary referral hospital was undertaken between January 2003 and February 2007. Laparoscopic hernia repair was attempted in 71 patients and was successful in 68 (conversion rate 4%). The mean age of the patients identified was 63.1 years (39 men and 31 women). Multiple hernial defects were identified in 38 patients (56%), and the mean overall size of the fascial defects was 166 cm(2). The mean mesh size used was 403 cm(2). The mean operative time was 121 minutes. There were six (9%) major complications in this series, but there were no deaths. Hernia recurrence was noted in four patients (6%) at a mean follow up of 20 months. Our preliminary experience indicates that laparoscopic incisional and ventral hernia repair is technically feasible and has acceptable postoperative morbidity and low early recurrence rates.     

从原发性腹壁疝的含义和特点谈微创术式进展

腹壁疝和原发性腹壁疝有不同的含义，本文原发性腹壁疝是指非手术引起的位于腹前外侧壁和后腹壁的腹外疝（不含腹股沟疝和股疝）。原发性腹壁疝患者无手术切口，更愿意接受微创治疗，其腹壁组织完整，也有利于微创新技术的开展。原发性腹壁疝的疗效显著优于切口疝。目前，微创术式众多，在原发性腹壁疝中可最大程度体现各自的优势。腹腔镜腹腔内补片修补术（IPOM）和微创非腹腔内补片修补术（MINIM）理念不同，技术互补，共同目标是追求微创和腹壁功能重建。MINIM的主要术式是各类腔镜腹膜外修补术（EER），大多从原发性腹壁疝起步，逐步发展并扩大其适应证。另一类术式是腔镜辅助肌前修补术（onlay），在中线位原发性腹壁疝中发挥特有的作用。脐疝、腹直肌分离、原发性耻骨上疝、半月线疝和原发性腰疝等是较常见的原发性腹壁疝，本文逐一讨论，阐述其定义、特点及微创术式的进展。     

微小切口开放腹膜前手术在腹壁疝修补中的临床应用

目的探讨微小切口开放腹膜前（mini/less open sublay，MILOS）手术在腹壁疝修补中的临床应用和效果。 方法回顾性分析2016年11月至2018年6月，浙江大学医学院附属杭州市第一人民医院连续收治并接受MILOS手术修补的49例腹壁疝患者。 结果平均腹壁缺损宽度（5.27±2.95）cm，平均切口长度（4.89±2.13）cm。36例为切口疝，13例为脐疝（其中3例合并腹直肌分离症）。所有患者均采用MILOS手术完成修补，于肌后、腹膜前间隙放置补片，并放置密闭式负压引流管。平均手术时间（114.2±48.8）min，术中出血量（88.7±38.5）ml，住院时间（10.6±2.4） d。术后有2例（4.1%）浅表手术部位感染，1例（2.0%）Ⅲ型血清肿，均经非手术治疗后治愈。无肠梗阻、补片感染、肠瘘、慢性疼痛等并发症。随访期间未发现有复发、腹壁膨出病例。 结论MILOS手术是一种适应症较广的腹壁疝微创腹膜前修补方式，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Evolution and advances in laparoscopic ventral and incisional hernia repair

Primary ventral hernias and ventral incisional hernias have been a challenge for surgeons throughout the ages. In the current era, incisional hernias have increased in prevalence due to the very high number of laparotomies performed in the 20 th century. Even though minimally invasive surgery and hernia repair have evolved rapidly, general surgeons have yet to develop the ideal, standardized method that adequately decreases common postoperative complications, such as wound failure, hernia recurrence and pain. The evolution of laparoscopy and ventral hernia repair will be reviewed, from the rectoscopy of the 4th century to the advent of laparoscopy, from suture repair to the evolution of mesh reinforcement. The nuances of minimally invasive ventral and incisional hernia repair will be summarized, from preoperative considerations to variations in intraoperative practice. New techniques have become increasingly popular, such as primary defect closure, retrorectus mesh placement, and concomitant component separation. The advent of robotics has made some of these repairs more feasible, but only time and well-designed clinical studies will tell if this will be a durable modality for ventral and incisional hernia repair.     

Laparoscopic tension-free repair of anterior abdominal wall incisional and ventral hernias with an intraperitoneal Gore-Tex mesh: prospective study and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Recurrence rates after repair of incisional and ventral hernias range from 18% to 52%. Prosthetic open repair has decreased this rate, but the wide fascial dissection it requires increases the complication rate. Laparoscopic repair is a safe and effective alternative. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed including 86 patients (63 women and 23 men) with a mean age of 54 years (range 29-79 years) having incisional or ventral hernias who underwent laparoscopic repair in our institution between July 1994 and October 2001. The majority of the patients were obese with a mean body mass index of 31.7 kg/m2. The abdominal wall defect size ranged from 2 X 1 cm to 20 X 13 cm. In all cases, a Gore-Tex mesh (Dual Mesh, W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) was used in sizes ranging from 10 X 15 cm to 20 X 30 cm. RESULTS: Nineteen repairs were performed for recurrent hernias (12 incisional and 7 ventral). The mean operative time was 110.3 minutes (range 50-240 minutes). There was one open conversion (1.2%), one intraoperative complication (1.2%), and no deaths. There were no wound or mesh infections. Immediate postoperative complications occurred in 9 patients (10.6%) and late complications occurred in 16 patients (18.8%). The average hospital stay was 4.8 days (range 2-19 days). During a mean follow-up of 37 months (range 6-73 months), there were 6 hernia recurrences (7%). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernia and ventral hernia appears to be safe, especially with the use of Gore-Tex mesh, and is proving to be effective as it decreases pain, complications, hospital stay, and recurrences.     

ROBotic Utility for Surgical Treatment of hernias (ROBUST hernia project)

We describe the evolution in hernia repair approaches in our practice during the first 3 years of adopting robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery. For inguinal hernia repair, we began using the robotic platform for complex hernias, and the use of open repair decreased from 17% to 6%. For primary ventral hernias, open procedures decreased from 59% to 10% and for incisional ventral hernias, from 48% to 11%. Moreover, a large shift in mesh position for ventral hernias was seen, with an increase of the retromuscular position from 20% to 82% and a decrease of intraperitoneal mesh position from 48% to 10%.The robotic platform seems to hold a significant potential for complex inguinal hernias, in addition to ventral and incisional hernias which require component separation. A shorter hospital stay and less postoperative complications might make the adoption of the robotic platform for abdominal wall surgery a valuable proposition.