振幅整合脑电图在监测新生儿窒息中的应用

振幅整合脑电图(amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram, aEEG)是以监测脑皮层电活动来反映脑功能状况,对窒息新生儿及其预后的脑功能监测有很高的预测价值。为在窒息新生儿脑功能评价中应用的推广,本文阐述了aEEG的机制、获取方法、分析方法,使得评价更为直观。研究表明,aEEG对窒息新生儿的早期诊断具有优越性,为窒息新生儿的治疗争取宝贵的时间,值得临床推广。     

脑电图（EEG）对昏迷患者脑功能及预后评估的临床应用价值

目的分析脑电图（EEG）对昏迷患者脑功能及预后评估的临床应用价值。方法收集我院2012年12月—2013年12月期间诊治的昏迷患者80例作为研究对象,对所有患者实施床旁脑电图检查,并按照两种床旁脑电图检查标准对检查结果进行分级,回顾性分析患者的临床资料,观察患者的脑功能和预后情况。结果研究结果显示,Lavizzari和Synek两种脑电图分级标准与预后均有较好的相关性,前者的相关系数为0.638,后者为0.660,三种脑电图分级标准比较,Lavizzari脑电图分级标准的敏感性为77.5%,特异性为72.5%,准确性为77.5%,Synek脑电图分级标准的敏感性为90.0%,特异性为87.5%,准确性为87.5%,Synek脑电图分级标准的敏感性、特异性和准确性显著高于Lavizzari脑电图分级标准（P〈0.05）。结论脑电图（EEG）能够较好的评估昏迷患者脑功能及预,具有非常重要的临床应用价值,Synek标准的应用价值更高于Lavizzari标准,值得在临床应用上推广。     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童神经影像学研究进展

注意缺陷多动障碍(attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD)是儿童期一种常见的神经发育障碍，不同亚型患者在共病及其行为、情感和认知功能方面存在显著差异。以磁共振成像技术(MRI)、脑电图(EEG)为主的神经影像学技术能为ADHD儿童诊断和干预提供客观有效的信息。从大脑工作的整体性与分离性出发，结合EEG与MRI两类技术进行定性、定量研究，可发现不同亚型间ADHD儿童脑结构功能特点存在差异，对提高ADHD诊断率，改善治疗效果有一定意义。     

长程视频脑电图在小儿神经系统疾病中的应用进展

随着科技日新月异的改革和发展,脑电图的技术手段也日益提高。在临床工作中,尤其是小儿癫痫等神经系统疾病的诊疗过程中,长程视频脑电图(VEEG)对小儿癫痫的诊断,手术定位,服用抗癫痫药物后的疗效评估及判断病情的预后具有独特且重要的诊断价值[1],具有高灵敏性[2]。除此之外,长程VEEG对评估脑功能等神经领域作用显著[3]。通过学习和整理国内外相关文献和著作,将长程视频脑电图的原理和临床应用进展作以综述。     

三联用药治疗急性脑梗40例临床疗效比较分析

脉络宁具有有清热养阴、活血化瘀的功效;丹红注射液主要功效具有活血通络、祛瘀止痛之功效;胞二磷胆碱可改善头部外伤后或脑手术后意识障碍的意识状态及脑电图,促进脑卒中偏瘫病人的上肢运动功能的恢复,对促进大脑功能恢复、促进苏醒有一定作用。三者联合主治急性脑梗死,临床疗效确切,起效快,经济实用。     

移动电话微波辐射对脑电图的影响

目的探讨移动电话(MP)微波辐射对使用者脑功能状态的影响。方法本文通过MP使用者(95人)与非MP用户(60人)的比较,采用神经电生理的方法定量评价MP使用者脑电图的异常改变。结果MP使用者如果每日平均接触微波辐射剂量0.3～3W/(m2·h),脑电图异常总检出率12.6%,使用5年以上异常总检出率18.2%;脑电图改变特征表现α节律交叉较差,调节欠佳,有散在的低、中幅慢波即θ波和δ波。结论MP微波辐射在一定的条件下对使用者脑电活动产生影响。     

多导长程录像脑电监测对新生儿高胆红素血症预后的评估价值

目的 运用多导长程脑电图对足月高胆红素血症新生儿进行监测,研究足月新生儿高胆红素血症的脑电图,分析其对预后判断的价值。方法 选取足月新生儿(受孕龄为37~42周),其中42例无高胆红素血症的非神经系统疾病患儿和98例高胆红素血症患儿进行多导长程录像脑电监测,每个患儿于出生后第一周内进行脑电监测,并于出生后15天,出生后第一个月末,出生后第三个月分别进行3次随访,分别进行脑电图检查及生长发育评估。采用多样本比较秩和检验和多样本率的比较对血清总胆红素、脑电图结果以及后遗症发生率进行分析。结果 1)不同血清总胆红素水平等级的患者,其脑电图结果有显著差异;脑电图异常率同血清总胆红素水平的增高程度有一定关系。特别是正常组总胆红素水平与中、重度增高组,轻、中度增高组与重度增高组间脑电图结果差异显著。2)脑电图的结果对判断胆红素血症预后有一定意义,且随着脑电图异常程度的增加,预后愈加不容乐观,特别是重度异常脑电图的高胆红素血症患儿,其后遗症发生率明显高于脑电图正常和轻度异常者。结论 新生儿多导长程录像脑电监测结合血清总胆红素水平不仅可反映高胆红素血症患儿脑功能的受损程度,还可作为早期预后判断的一个重要手段,该方法简单、方便、经济,可作为新生儿高胆红素血症所致脑损伤的严重程度和预后评估的常规检查方法之一。     

妥泰与脑电图改变的相关性研究

目的:研究妥泰对脑电图变化的影响。方法:应用药物定量脑电图,对癫痫患者和健康人口服妥泰前后的脑电图变化进行动态观察和定量分析。结果:妥泰对脑电图背景的影响,主要表现在慢波(σ-θ频段)功率升高,双枕总功率和全脑总功率升高(P<0.05)。在癫痫患者中,α、β频段功率也增高,而健康人中无明显变化。结论:妥泰对人类脑电活动有影响,且与其他抗癜痫药不同。     

15例意识障碍脑电图临床观察

[目的]研究意识障碍患者脑电图的临床动态变化。[方法]回顾分析了我院15例意识障碍患者的脑功能状态及愈后情况。[结果]意识障碍患者的愈后与脑电图频率的快慢周期的长短及波幅的高低有直接的关系。[结论]脑电图对意识障碍程度的判断非常重要,经采取积极的措施可降低死亡率。     

脑电图诊断慢性酒精中毒所致脑萎缩的临床分析

目的 研究慢性酒精中毒患者的动态脑电图改变并探讨动态脑电图的临床价值,为慢性酒精中毒的早期诊断提供依据.方法 对56例慢性酒精中毒患者进行动态脑电图检查,同时行同期头颅CT扫描进行对比.结果 56例慢性酒精中毒患者脑电图异常45例,异常率为80.4％,与采用CT扫描检查结果相比(异常29例,异常率为51.8％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).脑电图异常主要表现为非特异性的弥漫性改变.结论 动态脑电图检测对慢性酒精中毒患者脑功能损害的诊断有一定的临床价值.     

基于相位同步分析方法的抑郁症脑电信号的研究

介绍使用相位同步分析方法对抑郁症患者和正常对照组在闭眼和心算两种状态下的脑电信号进行研究。相对于传统的定量脑电信号分析方法,相位同步分析法只考察信号间的相位关系,而摒弃了信号间的幅度的影响,可以检测出信号间微弱的相互作用关系。研究表明,抑郁症组在闭眼和心算时全局相位同步指数显著低于正常组,其中左半球和半球之间相同步指数与正常组相比都存在显著性差异,而右半球相同步指数则无明显差异。     

Differences in brain function between relapsing and abstaining alcohol-dependent patients, evaluated by EEG mapping

AIMS: Early clinical electroencephalographers reported that low-voltage fast desynchronized patterns were frequently seen in chronic alcoholism, suggesting hyperarousal of the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of the present study was to investigate the brain function of drug-free, detoxified alcoholics, and compare this with that of normal controls, utilizing computerized quantitative EEG analysis and subsequent EEG mapping. Moreover, differences between patients relapsing or abstaining during 6 months of relapse prevention therapy, pharmacologically supported by either flupentixol decanoate 10 mg or placebo i.m. every 2 weeks, were determined. METHODS: 22 drug-free, detoxified patients (15 men, seven women) aged between 27 and 58 (mean 41.5 +/- 8.1) years, diagnosed as alcohol-dependent (ICD-10: F10.23) were included in the study. They were subdivided into abstainers (n = 11) and relapsers (n = 11), and matched with normal healthy controls according to age (mean 41.5 +/- 8.4 years) and sex. A 3-min vigilance-controlled EEG (V-EEG) was obtained and analysed off-line by multi-lead EEG power spectral analysis and subsequent mapping methods. RESULTS: The drug-free, detoxified, alcohol-dependent patients showed, as compared with controls, aberrant brain function characterized by a decrease in delta and slow alpha and an increase in beta activity as well as an acceleration of the total centroid. These findings were more pronounced in relapsing than in abstaining patients. After 6 months of treatment, abstaining patients showed an increase in slow activity, a decrease in fast alpha, an acceleration of the delta/theta centroid and a deceleration of the alpha centroid, reflecting a normalization of brain function. CONCLUSION: EEG maps of alcohol-dependent patients differ significantly from those of normal controls and patients suffering from other mental disorders and thus EEG mapping may be used for diagnostic purposes. Moreover, the quantitative EEG may also be of prognostic value as relapsing patients differ from abstaining ones, since they show a significantly more pronounced hyperarousal of the CNS.     

脑电图在癫痫诊断和治疗中的研究进展

癫痫主要是指大脑内部神经元突然兴奋放电而导致的患者出现暂时功能障碍。癫痫主要是在夜间发作,并且患者自身对于癫痫发作过程没有明显印象。医生主要依据患者家属以及患者癫痫发作时其他在场人员对患者的病情进行诊断,但是这种诊断方法准确性较低。近些年随着脑电图技术的不断成熟和完善,人们发现脑电图对于癫痫症状具有良好的诊断价值,原发性癫痫和继发性癫痫在发作时,脑电图图像上均具有明确的相应。因此近些年人们关于脑电图在癫痫诊断和治疗中的应用开展了大量的研究工作,取得了一些新认识和新进展,本文对这些进展进行综述,以期为临床癫痫诊断和治疗提供借鉴。     

A study of decoding human brain activities from simultaneous data of EEG and fMRI using MVPA

Neuroscientists have investigated the functionality of the brain in detail and achieved remarkable results but this area still need further research. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is considered as the most reliable and accurate technique to decode the human brain activity, on the other hand electroencephalography (EEG) is a portable and low cost solution in brain research. The purpose of this study is to find whether EEG can be used to decode the brain activity patterns like fMRI. In fMRI, data from a very specific brain region is enough to decode the brain activity patterns due to the quality of data. On the other hand, EEG can measure the rapid changes in neuronal activity patterns due to its higher temporal resolution i.e., in msec. These rapid changes mostly occur in different brain regions. In this study, multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) is used both for EEG and fMRI data analysis and the information is extracted from distributed activation patterns of the brain. The significant information among different classes is extracted using two sample t test in both data sets. Finally, the classification analysis is done using the support vector machine. A fair comparison of both data sets is done using the same analysis techniques, moreover simultaneously collected data of EEG and fMRI is used for this comparison. The final analysis is done with the data of eight participants; the average result of all conditions are found which is 65.7% for EEG data set and 64.1% for fMRI data set. It concludes that EEG is capable of doing brain decoding with the data from multiple brain regions. In other words, decoding accuracy with EEG MVPA is as good as fMRI MVPA and is above chance level.     

应用振幅整合脑电图监测脑损伤新生儿脑功能的效果观察

目的 分析振幅整合脑电图应用于脑损伤新生儿脑功能监测的效果,为新生儿脑损伤临床治疗提供科学依据。方法 选取2017年2月—2019年1月盐城市妇幼保健院60例足月宫内窘迫新生儿为观察组,选取同期健康足月儿60例为对照组。受检者均采用振幅整合脑电图进行监测。记录两组振幅整合脑电图异常、图形情况、正常睡眠觉醒周期状况、癫痫样放电;比较两组振幅整合脑电图背景活动的宽带与窄带电压值;比较异常振幅整合脑电图图形与影像学间的关系;评估异常振幅整合脑电图患儿神经行为状况及与神经性特异性蛋白间的关系。结果 观察组振幅整合脑电图异常率为8.33%,显著高于对照组的0.0%(χ²=5.217,P=0.022)。观察组正常睡眠觉醒周期发生率为90.0%,明显低于对照组100.0%(χ²=6.316,P=0.011)。对照组未出现癫痫样活动,观察组出现1例。5例振幅整合脑电图异常患儿中,3例头颅B超检查正常,1例MRI检查提示蛛网膜下腔出血;1例出现不连续正常电压伴不正常睡眠觉醒周期,同时伴癫痫样放电;3例患儿神经行为评估落后。观察组NSE、S-100明显高于对照组,且振幅整合脑电图异常者明显高于振幅整合脑电图正常患儿(F=8.751、6.325,P<0.01)。结论 振幅整合脑电图在脑损伤新生儿脑功能监测中具有较高应用价值,其可较好的判断患儿病情,对指导临床诊治具有重要价值。     

Electroencephalographic correlates of prenatal exposure to alcohol in infants and children: a review of findings and implications for neurocognitive development.

In this paper, we reviewed all existing studies using electroencephalography (EEG) in infants and children with known prenatal exposure to alcohol (PEA). The guiding purposes of the review were to determine if (1) EEG is a useful neuroimaging technique for investigating the brain correlates of PEA in infants and children, (2) there are indeed consistent EEG correlates of PEA in literature, and (3) these EEG correlates can be framed within a coherent picture of emerging implications for the study of PEA and its effects. The review confirms that EEG techniques have proven useful in indicating evidence of differential effects of patterns of PEA and timing in early fetal development and impairment of brain maturation in older children. In general, these techniques could be important in functional assessment of the brain of children affected by PEA, especially if used in conjunction with other neuroimaging techniques. The reviewed studies also suggest that although the impact on sensory and cognitive functions may involve extensive neural networks, there are EEG correlates of PEA which may in the future lead to the identification of neurophysiologic markers. A consistent aspect that emerges from the EEG data is that converging evidence from the study of different systems and processes suggests that PEA may almost invariably have consequences for later neurocognitive development.     

新生儿脑电图及其临床应用

脑电图能客观、直接地评估新生儿脑成熟度、反映脑功能状态,尤其对新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病及新生儿惊厥的诊断与预后的判断具有一定的价值.该文就新生儿脑电图正常及异常特征、缺血缺氧性脑病及新生儿惊厥的特点及临床意义作以综述.