2017年3月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情概要

<正>2017年3月(2017年3月1日0时至3月31日24时),全国共报告法定传染病544 132例,死亡1 589例。其中,甲类传染病鼠疫、霍乱无发病、死亡报告。乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、白喉、脊髓灰质炎和人感染高致病性禽流感无发病、死亡报告,其余22种传染病共报告发病325 791例,死亡1 579例。报告发病数居前5位的病种依次为病毒性肝炎、肺结核、梅毒、淋病以及细菌性和阿米巴性痢疾,占乙类传染病报告病例总数的95%。     

2017年8月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情概要

2017年8月(2017年8月1日0时至8月31日24时),全国共报告法定传染病679 826例,死亡1 796例.其中,乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、白喉、脊髓灰质炎和人感染高致病性禽流感无发病、死亡报告,其余22种传染病共报告发病326 086例,死亡1 786例.报告发病数居前5位的病种依次为病毒性肝炎、肺结核、梅毒、细菌性和阿米巴性痢疾以及淋病,占乙类传染病报告病例总数的95％.     

2019年11月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

<正>2019年11月(2019年11月1日0时至11月30日24时),全国(不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)共报告法定传染病670 999例,死亡2 531例。其中,甲类传染病中鼠疫报告发病4例,无死亡报告,霍乱报告发病1例,无死亡报告。乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、白喉和人感染H7N9禽流感无发病、死亡报告,其余21种乙类传染病共报告发病292 854例,死亡2 522例。报告发病数居前5位的病种依次为病毒性肝炎、肺结核、梅毒、淋病和猩红热,占乙类传染病报告病例总数的93%。     

2022年2月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

2022年2月(2022年2月1日0时至2月28日24时),全国(不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)共报告法定传染病445 181例,死亡1 614例.其中,甲类传染病无发病、无死亡报告.乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、登革热、白喉和人感染H7N9禽流感无发病、死亡报告,其余22种乙类传染病共报告发病...     

2019年9月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

<正>2019年9月(2019年9月1日0时至9月30日24时),全国(不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)共报告法定传染病667 198例,死亡2 000例。其中,甲类传染病中报告鼠疫1例,死亡1例,霍乱无发病、死亡报告。乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、白喉和人感染H7N9禽流感无发病、死亡报告,其余21种乙类传染病共报告发病302 393例,死亡1 996例。报告发病数居前5位的病种依次为病毒性肝炎、肺结核、梅毒、淋病和痢疾,占乙类传染病报告病例总数的91%。     

2021年6月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

正2021年6月(2021年6月1日0时至6月30日24时),全国(不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)共报告法定传染病683 394例,死亡1 730例。其中,甲类传染病中霍乱报告3例,无死亡病例报告。乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、白喉、新生儿破伤风和人感染H7N9禽流感无发病、死亡报告,其余21种乙类传染病共报告发病288 172例,较上月(289 878例)下降0.6%,较2020年同期(288 382例)下降0.1%。报告发病数居前5位的病种依次为病毒性肝炎、肺结核、梅毒、淋病和布鲁氏菌病,占乙类传染病报告病例总数的93%。报告死亡1 727例,较上月(1 529人)上升13%(198人),较2020年同期(2 017例)下降14%。     

2021年5月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

正2021年5月(2021年5月1日0时至5月31日24时),全国(不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)共报告法定传染病699 466例,死亡1 531例。其中,甲类传染病无发病死亡报告。乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、白喉和人感染H7N9禽流感无发病、死亡报告,其余22种乙类传染病共报告发病289 878例,较上月(300 219例)下降3%,     

2021年8月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

正2021年8月(2021年8月1日0时至8月31日24时),全国(不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)共报告法定传染病482 071例,死亡2 077例。其中,甲类传染病中,鼠疫报告1例病例,无死亡报告。乙类传染病中,传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、流脑、白喉和人感染H7N9禽流感无发病、死亡报告,其余21种乙类传染病共报告发病274 917例,较上月(305 023例)下降10%,     

2023年3月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

<正>2023年3月（2023年3月1日0时至3月31日24时），除新型冠状病毒感染外，全国（不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区，下同）共报告法定传染病4 171 295例，死亡2 393例。其中，甲类传染病未报告发病死亡病例。乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、白喉、新生儿破伤风、人感染高致病性禽流感和人感染H7N9禽流感无发病、死亡报告，除新型冠状病毒感染外，其余20种乙类传染病共报告发病307 520例，     

2021年7月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

正2021年7月(2021年7月1日0时至7月31日24时),全国(不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)共报告法定传染病628 584例,死亡1 882例。其中,甲类传染病无发病、死亡病例报告。乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感和人感染H7N9禽流感无发病、死亡报告,其余23种乙类传染病共报告发病305 023例,较上月(288 172例)上升6%,较2020年同期(300 776例)上升1%。报告发病数居前5位的病种依次为病毒性肝炎、肺结核、梅毒、淋病和布鲁氏菌病,占乙类传染病报告病例总数的95%。报告死亡1 881例,较上月(1 727例)上升9%(154例),较2020年同期(1 927例)下降2%。     

Effect of 5-fluorouracil, mitoxantrone, methotrexate, and vincristine on the antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotiam, piperacillin, and netilmicin

Using the checkerboard agar dilution technique, antibacterial activity and in vitro interactions of 4 antineoplastic agents and 5 antimicrobial drugs were examined against 56 strains of 7 bacterial species. 5-fluorouracil was found to inhibit all strains of Staphylococcus aureus and of Staphylococcus epidermidis at a concentration of 0.8 micrograms/ml or less. 84% of all gram-negative strains were inhibited synergistically when 5-fluorouracil was combined with beta-lactam antibiotics. Methotrexate and cefotiam were antagonistic in 42% of all combinations, especially when tested against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.     

Susceptibilities of non-Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, D-ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and imipenem.

Agar dilution MICs of 10 agents against 410 non-Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods were determined. MICs at which 50 and 90% of the isolates were inhibited, respectively, were as follows (in micrograms per milliliter): sparfloxacin, 0.5 and 8.0; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 8.0; ciprofloxacin, 2.0 and 32.0; ofloxacin, 2.0 and 32.0; D-ofloxacin, 32.0 and > 64.0; ceftazidime, 8.0 and 64.0; piperacillin with or without tazobactam, 16.0 and > 64.0; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 0.5 and > 64.0; imipenem, 2.0 and > 64.0. With the exception of those for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia, and Alcaligenes faecalis-A. odorans, agar dilution MICs for all strains tested were within 1 dilution of inhibitory (bacteriostatic) levels as determined by time-kill methodology.     

Comparative ototoxicity of ribostamycin, dactimicin, dibekacin, kanamycin, amikacin, tobramycin, gentamicin, sisomicin and netilmicin in the inner ear of guinea pigs

Nine aminoglycoside antibiotics, ribostamycin (RSM), dactimicin (DAC), dibekacin (DKB), kanamycin (KM), amikacin (AMK), netilmicin (NTL), tobramycin (TOB), gentamicin (GM) and sisomicin (SISO) were administered intramuscularly to guinea pigs for 4 weeks, and ototoxicity and drug concentration in the inner ear fluid were determined. RSM and DAC showed the weakest ototoxicity against the cochlea and vestibular organs. AMK and KM were more toxic to cochlea than vestibular organs. DKB, TOM, GM and SISO were equally toxic to vestibular organs and cochlea. NTL was more toxic to vestibular organs than cochlea. As judged from the pinna reflex response and hair cell damage in the cochlea, the order of auditory toxicity was the following: SISO greater than GM greater than TOB greater than AMK greater than DKB greater than KM greater than NTL, DAC RSM, whereas the vestibular toxicity was in the following order: SISO greater than GM greater than DKB greater than TOB greater than NTL greater than AMK greater than KM greater than DAC, RSM. RSM, causing the weakest ototoxicity, showed a low drug concentration in the inner ear fluid, while GM, causing severe ototoxicity, showed the highest drug level under the same conditions.     

Reviews of books, videos, CDs, audiotapes, web sites, and more, written by emergency nurses

Zimmermann PG. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, 2002, 243 pp, ISBN 1-56053-529-6.     

In vitro activity of piperacillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, aztreonam, ceftazidime, azlocillin, cefoperazone, and thienamycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The in vitro susceptibility of 103 well-characterized strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to nine antimicrobial agents was assessed by means of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay and the microtiter minimal inhibitory concentration assay. The antimicrobials, from the most to the least active against P aeruginosa, were thienamycin greater than ceftazidime greater than piperacillin greater than azlocillin greater than cefoperazone greater than aztreonam greater than ticarcillin greater than ticarcillin-clavulanic acid greater than mezlocillin. The resistance patterns of the antimicrobial agents suggest that P aeruginosa resistant to a penicillin, cephalosporin, or aztreonam may be susceptible to thienamycin.