违纪大学生心理健康状况分析

调查评估违纪大学生的心理健康状况,为违纪大学生心理健康教育和心理危机干预工作提供客观依据。采用症状自评量表(SCL)-90对江苏师范大学244名违纪大学生进行问卷调查,分别对比不同性别、年级违纪大学生的心理健康差异,并与国内常模作对照。结果显示:违纪大学生在焦虑、恐怖、精神病性因子方面高于国内常模;除精神病性因子,男生总均分和其他各因子得分均高于女生;违纪大学生的心理健康总均分和各因子得分从高到低依次为:大一年级大于大二年级大于大三年级,且3个年级在人际关系敏感、焦虑因子上差异有统计学意义。结论:违纪大学生心理健康水平低于普通大学生,高校教育工作者应高度关注并采取相应措施提高其心理健康水平。     

大一新生中农村独生子女的心理健康状况调查

目的:调查大一新生中农村独生子女的心理健康状况。方法:研究采用中国大学生心理健康量表和中国大学生心理应激量表对陕西省12所高校953名大一农村独生子女新生进行了调查。结果:大一新生中农村独生子女重度心理问题检出人数占农村独生子女总人数的12.38%;农村独生子女在焦虑、抑郁、自卑、社交退缩、性心理障碍和依赖6个因子上的得分显著高于其他家庭所在地的独生子女(焦虑F=2.78,P0.01;抑郁F=18.01,P0.001;自卑F=19.72,P0.001;社交退缩F=22.49,P0.001;性心理障碍F=8.17,P0.001;依赖F=20.82,P0.001);来自农村的大一新生中,在焦虑和冲动维度上女生心理健康量表得分显著高于男生(焦虑t=-2.68,P0.01;冲动t=-2.20,P0.05),仅在性心理障碍维度上男生心理健康量表得分显著高于女生(t=2.20,P0.05);农村独生子女的心理健康状况与心理压力呈正相关,其中来自日常生活和社交的应激源对其心理健康影响更大。结论:农村大学新生独生子女心理健康水平明显低于大城市、中小城市、小城镇的独生子女,高校在开展大学生新生适应教育时应加强对该群体的关注,切实开展有针对性的心理健康教育活动。     

非独生大学新生心理健康状况

目的:比较分析非独生子女大学新生的心理健康状况。方法:利用大学生人格问卷(University Personality Inventory,UPI)对某大学2011级、2012级、2013级本科和研究生新生共12776人进行问卷调查。结果:非独生子女大学生UPI分数显著高于独生子女大学生(t=6.776,P0.001)。非独生子女大学生心理健康状况第一类(有较严重心理问题)比例显著高于独生子女大学生(δ*=4.3,P0.001)。进一步对非独生子女的心理健康进行研究,发现来自农村的非独生子女大学生UPI分数显著高于非农村生源的非独生学生(t=6.128,P0.001)。来自贫困家庭的非独生大学生UPI分数显著高于非贫困的非独生学生(t=5.526,P0.001)。汉族的非独生子女大学生UPI得分与非汉族的非独生学生没有差异(t=0.223,P=0.823)。以性别(男vs.女)、学历(本科生vs.研究生)、家庭排行(大子女vs.中间子女vs.小子女)为自变量,对非独生子女的UPI总分进行三因素方差分析,结果显示,性别和年级的交互作用显著(F(1,6032)=13.317,P0.001,η2=0.002),女本科生的得分显著高于女研究生(Δ=1.432,SE=0.412,P=0.001),男生无此差异。女本科生的得分显著高于男本科生(Δ=2.162,SE=0.378,P0.001),而女研究生与男研究生的差异并不显著。排行中间的女本科生UPI得分最高,既边缘显著地高于排行最大的得分(Δ=1.795,SE=0.779,P=0.064),又显著地高于排行最小的得分(Δ=2.161,SE=0.839,P=0.030)。排行中间的男研究生得分边缘显著地高于排行最小的男研究生的得分(Δ=1.942,SE=0.826,P=0.056)。结论:非独生大学新生的心理健康状况比独生子女差,在非独生大学新生中,来自农村的大学生心理健康水平比非农村生源的大学生低,贫困生的非独生子女大学生心理健康水平比非贫困的低;对于本科新生而言,女性非独生子女心理健康水平比男性的低;女性研究生非独生子女健康水平比女性本科生非独生子女的心理健康水平高。排行中间的女本科生心理健康水平比排行最大和最小的女本科生都低。排行中间的男研究生比排行最小的男研究生心理健康水平低。     

大学生炫耀性消费与自尊水平的相关研究

研究采用问卷调查法,使用中国"90后"大学生炫耀性消费调查问卷和Rosenberg自尊量表对石河子大学大一至大四年级进行了问卷调查。结果表明,大学生炫耀性消费与自尊水平呈负相关;大学生炫耀性消费在性别、年级、生源地、独生子女(是否)等人口学变量上差异有统计学意义。     

大学生新生心理健康状况调查与分析

目的 了解我校大学新生心理健康状况。方法 采用中国大学生心理健康量表（CSMHS）对我校2005级本科新生进行了心理健康普查。结果 我校2005级本科新生心理健康水平处在全国大学生的中等偏上水平。男女生心理健康水平基本一致，但女生的躯体化因子分显著高于男生（P〈0.01），男生的焦虑因子分显著高于女生（P〈0.01）。独生子女与非独生子女的心理健康状况存在一定的差异；不同专业、来自不同地区的学生其心理健康水平存在显著的差异。结论 2005级本科新生心理健康状况良好，但仍需针对现状和不同群体的不同心理健康状况采取有利措施完善其心理健康水平。     

护理专业大学生心理健康水平研究

目的 探讨护理专业大学生年级间的心理健康水平,为护理专业大学生的心理健康研究提供参考.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对护理专业大学生进行测量,并对数据使用SPSS进行分析.结果 ①护理专业大学生的SCL-90得分在多个项目上明显高于全国常模,特别是1997级与2001级护理专业大学生.②不同年级的护理专业大学生在躯体化、人际关系、偏执3个因子上存在差异.结论 护理专业大学生的心理健康水平明显低于全国常模,年级水平不存在显著差异.     

影响大学生主观幸福感的社会学分析

目的 探讨大学生的主观幸福感水平及某些社会学因素的影响.方法 采取整体随机取样法,用总体幸福感量表(GWB)调查340名大学生.结果 大学生的主观幸福感水平中等程度以上;性别、年级、专业、家庭住址、独生子女、学业成绩、家庭组成对其主观幸福感水平都没有达到显著性影响;而经济状况对其幸福感水平有非常显著性的影响(P＜0.01);进行多重比较表明:经济状况好的比经济较差的大学生的主观幸福感显著性高,大一比大三的主观幸福感显著性低.结论 经济状况差的大学生及大一学生主观幸福感水平易低,社会、学校等各方面要给予更多的关心与支持.     

河南省民办高校大学生心理健康状况调查分析

目的了解河南省民办高校大学生的心理健康状况,为民办高校开展心理健康教育工作提供参考。方法使用症状自评量表(SCL-90),以分层整群抽样的方法抽取河南省民办高校大学生2104人进行调查分析。结果 1与大学生常模相比,河南省民办高校大学生总体状况较好(P0.01);2男女生之间(t=2.17,P0.05)、独生子女与非独生子女之间(t=4.95,P0.01)及城乡生源之间(F=12.53,P0.01)均有显著差异。结论河南省民办高校大学生心理健康总体状况明显好于全国大学生的整体水平。     

大学生自信、自尊、自我效能与心理健康的相关研究

青少年的自尊以及自我效能不同程度地与其心理健康水平相关。近年来 ,国内研究与此有关的主要集中在中小学生中[1-4 ] 。本研究以大学生为研究对象 ,选取自信、自尊、自我效能以及心理健康四个心理学因素 ,探讨大学生群体的自信、自尊、自我效能与其心理健康水平的关系 ,为高校贯彻素质教育开展有效的心理健康教育提供理论依据和实践指导。1　对象、材料和方法1 .1　对象随机抽取甘肃庆阳师专 1998～ 1999学年师范专业二年级的四个班共 195人 (男 131人 ,女 64人 )为测查对象 ,剔除无效答卷 2 2份 ,余 173人 (男 114人 ,女59人 ) ,平均年龄…     

新建本科院校学生心理健康状况研究

使用症状自评量表(SCL)-90调查新建本科院校2 539名大学生的心理健康状况,得出以下结论:(1)学生总体心理健康水平偏低;(2)检出疑似心理问题844人次(33.24%);明显心理问题198人次(7.80%),主要问题为强迫症状、人际关系敏感、敌对、抑郁、偏执;(3)性别、是否独生子女、生源地差异无统计学意义;(4)专业、年级差异有统计学意义。对新建本科院校大学生心理健康教育工作提出建议。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Environmental risk factors and their role in the management of atopic dermatitis

Introduction: The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.

Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.

Expert commentary: The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.     

HLA genes in Amerindians from Mexico San Vicente Tancuayalab Teenek/Huastecos

Huastecos or Teenek Amerindians are presently living at North East Mexico (San Luis Potosi State). They have probably one of the most ancient culture of Mexico and Central America together with Mayas and Olmec groups with which also show close relationships. Proximity to Atlantic Ocean/Mexican Gulf originated that Spaniards had very early contact with them at about 1519 CE or before. In the present paper we have aimed to study HLA gene profile which may be useful for HLA and disease epidemiology and transplant programs in Teeneks. HLA-DRB1*04:07, -DRB1*14:06 and -DRB1*04:11 have been found in high frequency like in other Amerindian groups. High frequency typical Amerindians HLA extended haplotypes have been found, such as A*02-B*35-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; A*68-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 and A*02-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; also new haplotypes have been described, like A*02-B*52-DRB1*04:11-DQB1*03:02, A*68-B*35-DRB1*14:02-DQB1*03:01 and A*68-B*40-DRB1*16:02-DQB1*03:01. Genetic proximity is observed not only to linguistically close Mayans, but also to Mazatecans, Mixtecans and Zapotecans, who speak an altogether different languages; it shows once more that genes and languages do not correlate. This population was greatly diminished after European contact between 1500 and 1600 years CE; in fact, North and South America First Inhabitants population was brought from 80 down to 8 million people because of diseases (i.e.: measles, smallpox or influenza), slavery and war.     

État de l’art : nouveaux anticoagulants et transfusion

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are indicated for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. As any anticoagulant, they are associated with a bleeding risk. Management of DOAC-induced bleeding is challenging. Idarucizumab, antidote for dabigatran, is currently available and is part of the therapeutic strategy, whereas antidotes for anti-Xa agents are under development. Activated or non-activated prothrombin concentrates are proposed, although their efficacy to reverse DOAC is uncertain. We propose an update on DOAC-associated bleeding management, integrating the availability of idarucizumab and the critical place of DOAC concentration measurements.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.