软肝冲剂抗肝纤维化的临床研究

选择中度以上慢性肝炎和早期肝硬化患者120例，分为治疗组和对照组各60例。治疗组采用软肝冲剂治疗，对照组以干扰素治疗，疗程均为3个月，观察血清透明质酸（HA）、Ⅲ型前胶原肽（PⅢP）、Ⅳ型胶原（C-Ⅳ）、板层素（LN）等肝纤维化指标，以及肝功能和病毒复制指标。结果治疗组HA、C-Ⅳ、LN、ALT和γ-Glb明显下降，与对照组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05），HBeAg和HBVDNA阴转率略低于对照组。结果表明软肝冲剂治疗肝纤维化作用比较全面，且在一定程度上优于干扰素。     

蝎仙口服液治疗慢性肝病肝纤维化的临床研究

目的：观察自制中药蝎仙口服液对慢性肝病肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法：60例慢性肝病肝纤维化患者随机分为两组：治疗组30例给予蝎仙口服液口服，对照组30例则予安慰剂生理盐水口服，两组均常规使用肝太乐、肌苷、VitC、VitBco片口服；治疗前后检测患者血清透明质酸（HA）、层粘蛋白（LN）、Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）水平，观察主要症状和体征，肝功能指标及肝脏B超声像图情况。结果：治疗组治疗前后HA、LN和Ⅳ-C的水平比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。两组间在脾脏回缩、ALT、Alb、GGT及HA、LN和Ⅳ-C方面比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论：蝎仙口服液对慢性肝病肝纤维化患者有较好的抗肝纤维化作用。     

养容胶囊保肝及抗肝纤维化的临床作用

[目的]观察养容胶囊保肝及抗肝纤维化的临床作用.[方法]将133例慢性乙型肝炎及肝硬化患者随机分为2组,治疗组(67例)口服养容胶囊,对照组(66例)口服护肝片,疗程均为6个月.观察2组用药后临床疗效结果,肝功能[谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、血清总胆红素(TBil)、血清白蛋白(Alb)]、血清肝纤维化指标[透明质酸酶(HA)、层黏蛋白(LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C]等方面的变化.[结果]治疗组治疗后ALT、TBil、Alb及HA、LN、Ⅳ-C较治疗前明显改善(P＜0.05),临床疗效、临床症状改善与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论]养容胶囊对慢性乙型肝炎及肝硬化可能具有一定的保肝及抗纤维化作用.     

抗纤Ⅰ号胶囊抗肝纤维化的血清学和形态学实验研究

目的 观察抗纤Ⅰ号胶囊对实验性肝纤维化大鼠的作用及作用机理。方法 用四氯化碳制作大鼠肝纤维化模型，观察血清层粘连蛋白（LN），Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）、Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C），透明质酸（HA）、肝功能和肝组织病理变化。结果 治疗组LN、PCⅢ，Ⅳ-C，HA明显降低，白蛋白明显升高，与对照组比较有显著性差异；肝细胞变性，坯 煞费苦心，肝纤维化程度明显轻于对照组。结论 抗纤Ⅰ号胶囊抗肝纤维化作用肯定，其机理之一，可能是通过降低LN、PCⅢ，从而消除肝窦毛细血管化，调节肝脏微循环，达到抗肝损伤，恢复肝功能的作用。     

利肝克纤冲剂抗肝纤维化的临床研究

目的：观察中药利肝克纤冲剂在抗肝纤维化方面的疗效。方法：选取90例肝纤维化患者随机分为两组，治疗组60例，对照组30例，治疗6个月。观察治疗前后两组患者的症状、体征、肝功能、肝纤维化指标及B超影像学的变化，评价中药利肝克纤冲剂抗肝纤维化的疗效。结果：治疗组总有效率为86．67％，对照组总有效率为43．33％，两组比较，差异具有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论：利肝克纤冲剂可明显改善肝纤维化患者的症状、体征、肝功能、血清肝纤维化4项指标（HA、LN、PCⅢ及Ⅳ-c）及B超影像学表现，具有明显抗肝纤维化疗效。     

肝炎平对肝纤维化患者的临床治疗作用

目的探讨肝炎平对肝纤维化患者的临床治疗作用。方法对46例肝纤维化指标高的慢性肝病患者给予肝炎平治疗,观察治疗前和治疗3个月后患者临床症状、肝功能和血清透明质酸（HA）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCHI）、层粘连蛋白（LN）、Ⅳ型胶原（C-Ⅳ）的变化及有无不良反应。结果肝炎平治疗3个月后患者症状好转,肝功能指标、HA、PCm、LN、C-Ⅳ均较治疗前有明显改善（P〈0．05）,治疗过程中未出现明显不良反应。结论肝炎平具有良好的抗肝纤维化作用,副作用少,值得临床应用。     

强肝软坚丸治疗气虚血瘀型慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化临床观察

目的：观察强肝软坚九治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化（气虚血瘀型）的临床疗效。方法：将所选病例随机分为两组，其中治疗组80例，对照组40例，治疗组患者口服强肝软坚丸。对照组患者口服大黄座虫丸，两组疗程均为3个月，同时查患者血清肝纤维化指标（HA、LN、TIMP-1、PⅢP、CⅣ）、肝功能并做肝脏彩超检测。结果：两组治疗后在疗效、症状积分、总积分、AST和GGT方面比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05），HA、TIMP-1下降差异亦有显著性意义（P〈0．01），而两组患者在肝门静脉和脾厚方面比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论：强肝软坚丸能明显改善患者的症状、体征、肝功能及血清肝纤维化指标，疗效较对照组明显。     

前列腺素E1治疗慢性乙型肝炎108例疗效观察

目的：探讨治疗乙型肝炎（乙肝）及抗肝纤维化的有效方法。方法：采用前列腺素E1（PGE1）静脉滴注治疗慢性乙肝患者108例（治疗组），并与行综合治疗90例（对照组）疗效比较，观察两组治疗前后，后血清Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ），层粘蛋白（LN）、透明质酸（HA）、Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ－C）、肝功能等指标变化。结果：治疗组血清肝纤维化指标（PCⅢ、LN、HA、Ⅳ－C），丙氨酸转氨酶，天冬氨酸转氨酶，总清总胆红素均明显降低，与治疗前及对照组比较差异均有非常显著性意义（均P＜0．01），结论：PGE1具有较好的保肝和抗肝组织纤维化作用。     

当飞利肝宁胶囊治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化36例

[目的]探讨当飞利肝宁胶囊治疗慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)肝纤维化疗效.[方法]选择CHB患者68例,随机分为2组,2组均给予维生素类药物口服,治疗组服用当飞利肝宁胶囊,对照组服用护肝片,疗程均为26周.治疗前与治疗结束后观察肝功能及血清肝纤维化指标.[结果]治疗组治疗前后血清肝纤维化指标:透明质酸(HA)、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白(Ⅳ-C)、Ⅲ型前胶原蛋白(PCⅢ)、层黏连蛋白(LN)均有明显下降(P＜0.01).对照组治疗前后HA、PCⅢ有所下降,而Ⅳ-C、LN下降不明显.治疗组4项指标的下降值显著＞对照组(P＜0.05).治疗组肝功能复常率高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义.[结论]当飞利肝宁胶囊对CHB肝纤维化有一定改善作用,无明显不良反应.     

青蒿鳖甲汤与大黄Zhe虫丸抗肝纤维化疗效比较

目的：观察温病经典方剂青蒿鳖甲汤抗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的作用。寻找抗肝纤维化的有效方剂。方法：选择慢性乙肝炎肝纤维化患者143例，随机分为青蒿鳖甲汤治疗组75例和大黄Zhe虫丸对照组68例，进行疗程相同的对照治疗，观察项目为血清透明质酸（HA），Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ），层粘蛋白（LN），Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ－C）。结果：治疗组HA，PCⅢ，LN，Ⅳ－C均有明显下降，两组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。在中医辨证施治方面。治疗组对各证型的肝纤维化均有显著疗效（P＜0．01），而对照组较适合于气滞血瘀型的肝纤维化患者。结论：青蒿鳖甲汤联合辨证用药的抗纤维化作用比大黄Zhe虫丸疗效更好，是一种抗肝纤维化较好的治疗方法。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。