睡眠行为与子宫肌瘤关系

目的 探讨中老年女性睡眠行为与子宫肌瘤(UL)的关系.方法 采取以医院为基础的回顾性研究,病例为经临床诊断为UL,术后经病理证实为UL患者;对照为未患UL及其他妇科疾病的患者,病例组和对照组各385例;采用自行设计的调查表对研究对象进行调查,同时使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)询问研究对象的睡眠行为;采用多因素logistic回归模型对研究对象睡眠行为与UL的比值比(OR)及其相应的95％ CI进行估计.结果 病例组睡眠质量、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、PSQI总得分均明显高于对照组(P＜0.001);单因素分析结果显示,睡眠质量、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍及PSQI总分与UL的发生有关;为进一步控制多种潜在性混杂因素的影响,进行多因素logistic分析结果显示,评分＞2分者睡眠质量(OR=2.030,95％CI=1.261 ～3.181,P ＜0.001)、睡眠效率(OR=2.437,95％CI=1.465～4.056,P＜0.001)、睡眠障碍(OR=1.564,95％ CI=1.002～1.862,P=0.023)发生UL危险性均高于评分＜1分者;PSQI总分升高与UL呈正相关,总分5～10和＞10分者发生UL的危险性均高于总分＜5分者(OR=1.833,95％ CI=1.308～2.497,P=0.002; OR=1.923,95％ CI=1.515～2.687,P =0.019),并且随着评分的增加,发生UL的危险性也增加(P＜0.05).结论 睡眠可能会对UL造成影响,因此绝经前女性应提高睡眠对UL影响的意识,保持身心愉快,定期进行妇科检查,及时发现问题,预防UL的发生.     

尿道下裂危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨尿道下裂病因。方法 采用以医院为基础的1:2配比的病例对照研究方法,以统一的调查表及调查方式对107倒尿道下裂及214例对照进行面对面问卷调查,应用SAS 6.12软件对所有调查因素进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析。结果 胎儿尿道下裂的发生与母亲孕前自然流产史(OR=3.87,95％CI:1.60～9.39)、孕期发生先兆流产(OR=3.57,95％CI:1.31～9.64)、孕早期感冒伴发热(OR=7.63,95％CI:2.50～23.24)、孕中期用抗感染和/或解热止痛药(OR=16.46,95％CI;3.46～78.21)、父亲职业性接触农药(OR=3.70,95％CI:1.49～9.16)及胎儿低出生体重(OR=12.62,95％CI:2.97～53.67)呈正相关,与母亲孕早期增加蛋白质类营养(OR=0.33,95％CI:O.15～0.74)呈负相关。结论 母亲孕前自然流产史、孕期发生先兆流产、孕早期感冒伴发热、孕中期用抗感染和/或解热止痛药、父亲职业性接触农药、胎儿低出生体重等可能增加胎儿发生尿道下裂的危险,而母亲孕早期增加蛋白质类营养可能降低胎儿发生尿道下裂的危险。     

徐州市中学生体力活动与肥胖及心理健康关系

目的 了解江苏省徐州市中学生体力活动及肥胖和心理健康现状,探讨体力活动、肥胖、心理健康三者的相互关系.方法 采取整群随机抽样方法,获取徐州市区10所中学共5 730名中学生有效问卷和人体测量数据,使用儿童抑郁量表(CDI)、儿童焦虑相关情绪筛查量表(SCARED)和自行设计调查问卷进行调查,使用x2检验和多因素logistic回归模型对数据进行分析.结果 徐州市区中学生肥胖发生率为12.3％,抑郁症状发生率为17.5％,焦虑症状发生率为27.7％,参加中等强度体力活动、大强度体力活动及体力活动缺乏的比例分别为13.6％、32.2％和63.2％;调整人口统计学和视频时间、肥胖变量后,体力活动缺乏增加抑郁症状(OR=1.18,95％ CI=1.02 ～ 1.37)和焦虑症状(OR=1.15,95％ CI=1.01 ～ 1.30)的发生风险;初中学生中体力活动缺乏增加肥胖和抑郁症状发生的联系(OR=1.50,95％ CI=1.11～2.04).结论 徐州市中学生体力活动缺乏、肥胖与心理健康关系密切相关,初中学生体力活动不足增加了肥胖和抑郁症状之间的联系.     

蛋白质摄入量与良性前列腺增生相关性分析

目的检验膳食蛋白质、牛奶及奶类制品与良性前列腺增生(BPH)的关系。方法采用病例对照研究方法,病例为2007-2009年施行BPH手术,年龄在55～90岁的360例男性;对照为与病例年龄相同的360例患其他疾病的男性,对研究对象进行问卷调查,同时用半定量化食物频率调查表(FFQ),调查研究对象膳食情况;采用多元Logistic回归模型检验研究因素与BPH关系的比值比(OR)及其相应的95%可信区间(CI)。结果病例组居住农村者高于对照组,分别为28.3%(102/360)和16.7%(60/360),2组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在调整了年龄及热能的摄入量后,总蛋白质的摄入量与BPH呈负相关(χ2=8.567,P=0.036);与摄入量最低四分位数对照组比较,病例组最高四分位数者的OR值明显降低(OR=0.615,95%CI=0.014～0.930);动物性蛋白质、牛奶及奶类制品的摄入量与BPH呈负相关关系(分别为χ2=10.572,P=0.014和OR=0.731,95%CI=0.545～0.981),但随着每日摄入量的增加,BPH发病的危险性并不呈一致性的降低,与摄入量最低四分位数的对照组比较,病例组最高四分位数者的OR值增加(分别为OR=0.638,95%CI=0.418～0.972和OR=0.636,95%CI=0.292～0.835)。结论膳食蛋白质,尤其是动物性蛋白质可使BPH的危险性降低,而摄入过多动物蛋白却使这种保护性作用降低。     

微粒体环氧化物水解酶基因多态性与煤工尘肺易感性

目的 探讨微粒体环氧化物水解酶(EPHX1)基因单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与煤工尘肺易感性的关系.方法 应用病例-对照的研究方法,以697例煤工尘肺患者为病例组,694例同单位、同工种、无尘肺的煤尘接触者为对照组;采用高千伏胸部x射线和体格检查确定病例和对照;采取外周静脉血,苯酚-氯仿萃取分离蛋白质,乙醇沉淀法提取DNA;根据中国人群HapMap database数据库查找SNP位点,采用ABI 7900实时PCR系统(Applied Biosystems,Foster City,CA,USA)对3个SNP位点进行基因型分型,用SDS等位基因分型软件来处理基因分型的结果.结果 3个SNP位点的基因型分布频率中,仅EPHX1 (rs2234922)病例组和对照组在共显性模型(OR=0.22,95％CI=0.06-0.79,P=0.020)、隐性模型(OR=0.23,95％CI=0.06-0.82,P=0.023)及相加模型(OR =0.75,95％CI=0.58-0.96,P=0.022)中的差异有统计学意义;对工龄和吸烟进行进一步的分层分析,发现不吸烟者携带EPHX1 (rs2234922)GG基因型发生煤工尘肺的危险性明显降低(OR=0.10,95％CI=0.01-0.83,P=0.033).结论 EPHX1 (rs2234922)位点GG基因型降低了尘肺的易感性,在尘肺的发生发展中可作为一个保护性因素.     

贵港市农村儿童杀虫剂中毒危险因素分析

目的 探索贵港市农村儿童杀虫剂中毒的危险因素.方法 采用1:4个体匹配病例对照研究,对贵港市农村2009年1-12月因杀虫剂中毒而急诊或住院的78例中毒儿童和312名对照儿童的家长或监护人进行问卷调查,调查表内容包括:一般情况以及家庭结构、监护情况、父母学历、家庭年均总收入、家庭和学校健康教育、儿童危险行为等21个可能与杀虫剂中毒相关的因素.对调查结果采用条件logistic回归模型进行统计分析.结果 贵港市农村儿童杀虫剂中毒的危险因素有3项,分别为随意放置工作服和喷洒器具( OR=3.529,95％CI:1.408 ～8.848)、儿童经常外出玩耍( OR=2.846,95％ CI:1.513 ～5.352)、祖辈为监护人(OR=2.187,95％CI:1.187 ～4.029);保护因素有5项,分别为监护频率高(OR=0.408,95％ CI:0.205 ～0.811)、知晓中毒预防知识(OR=0.412,95％ CI:0.224～0.758)、及时清洗工作服(OR=0.435,95％ CI:0.212 ～0.893)、学校设置健康教育课程(OR=0.448,95％ CI:0.232 ～0.867)、经常教育儿童不接触毒物(OR=0.462,95％ CI:0.227～0.939).结论 农村儿童杀虫剂中毒的发生与儿童自身危险行为、家庭因素、环境因素、健康教育等因素均有关.     

高血压、体质指数与良性前列腺增生关系

目的 探讨高血压、体质指数(BMI)与临床术后良性前列腺增生(BPH)的关系.方法 采用病例对照研究方法,病例为55～90岁临床诊断为BPH、施行手术治疗、术后病理证实为BPH的患者;对照为同期住院的非前列腺增生患者,年龄与病例相同;病例与对照各380例,以1:1匹配;采用自行设计的调查表对研究对象进行调查,内容包括一般情况、身体测量、生活方式、既往史以及BPH家族史等,采用Logistic回归模型计算OR值及其相应的95%C1.结果 调整年龄因素后,与收缩压正常者(＜140 mmHg),(1 mmHg=O.133 3 kPa)相比较,收缩压160-179mmHg者和收缩压≥180 mmHg者发生BPH的危险性明显增加(分别为OR=2.135,95%CI=1.139～4.001和OR=2.704,95%CI=1.475-4.958);高血压病程与BPH呈正相关(x2=8.876,P=0.031),病程≥20年组发生BPH的危险性明显增加(OR=4.984,95%a=2.006-12.203,P=0.001).与非高血压者比较,超重或肥胖者罹患高血压发生BPH的危险性明显地增高(OR=2.548,95%CI=1.397-4.648和OR=2.667,95%CI=1.038-13.212).结论 高血压是BPH发病的危险因素;长期罹患高血压、尤其是高收缩压状态能够促进BPH的发生和发展;超重和肥胖的男性高血压BPH的危险性明显增加.     

代谢综合征单一组分及多组分与ARC关系

目的 探讨中老年人群代谢综合征及其组分和各组分联合作用与年龄相关白内障(ARC)的关系.方法 采用1:1匹配病例对照研究方法,对2010年12月—2011年12月接受手术治疗的360例病例组ARC患者和与病例同期入住相同医院、未患与白内障有关眼病的360例对照组患者进行问卷调查并对结果进行分析.结果 病例组和对照组中糖尿病患者分别有104、55例,分别占28.89％和15.28％;高血压患者分别有131、96例,分别占36.39％和26.67％;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)降低的分别有115、85例,分别占31.94％、23.61％,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);调整多种潜在性混杂因素后,糖尿病、高血压、HDL-C下降、甘油三酯(TG)升高、向心性肥胖均可使ARC发生的危险性增加;有代谢综合征者发生ARC的危险性是无代谢综合征者的2.213倍(OR=2.213,95％ CI=1.012 ～4.837):具有≥3个代谢综合征组分的患者发生ARC的危险性明显升高(OR=2.667,95％ CI=1.166 ～6.097);随着代谢综合征组分数量增加,发生ARC的危险性逐渐增高,线性趋势检验有统计学意义(x2=10.326,P＜0.001).结论 代谢综合征及其组分可使中老年人群发生ARC的危险性增加.     

椎管内麻醉术后恶心呕吐的危险因素分析

目的 探讨椎管内麻醉术后恶心呕吐(PONV)发生的相关危险因素.方法 对841例接受椎管内麻醉患者术后进行随访.采用单因素分析和多元Logistic回归分析,筛选发生PONV的相关危险因素.结果 94例发生了PONV,占11.2％(94/841).单因素分析结果显示,PONV与性别、年龄、ASA分级及麻醉方式无关(P＞ 0.05),与手术科室(P=0.026)、体质指数(P=0.020)、教育程度(P＝0.000)、既往手术麻醉史(P=0.005)、PONV病史(P=0.000)、晕动病史(P=0.002)、吸烟(P=0.019)、术中应用曲马多(P=0.018)有相关性.在多因素分析中,手术科室(OR=4.039,95％ CI 1.331 ～ 12.259,P=0.048)、教育程度(OR=3.504,95％ CI 1.486～8.260,P=0.015)、PONV病史(OR＝5.113,95％ CI 1.790～14.606,P=0.002)、术中应用曲马多(OR=5.316,95％ CI1.091～25.908,P＝0.039)是PONV发生的独立危险因素.结论 椎管内麻醉PONY显著的相关危险因素包括手术科室、教育程度、PONV病史和术中应用曲马多.识别有PONV高风险的患者将有助于提供更及时的处理方案.     

柳州市2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变的相关危险因素研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者发生糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)的危险因素.方法 通过眼底检查,将l 510例社区2型糖尿病患者按眼底病变情况分为糖尿病视网膜病变组与对照组,比较病例组与对照组相关因素的差异性,并采用多因素分析发现其独立的危险因素.结果 糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白、收缩压、尿白蛋白在两组间的差异均有统计学意义(均有P ＜0.05);糖化血红蛋白水平处于7％～、8％～、≥9％的3组糖尿病患者相对于参照组(糖化血红蛋白水平＜6％)发生DR的危险性均高(OR=1.431,95％ CI:1.032 ～1.984;OR=1.804,95％ CI:1.170 ～2.782;OR=2.612,95％ CI:1.699 ～4.016);尿蛋白≥200 mg/L较参照组(＜30 mg/L)发生DR风险高(OR=1.912,95％ CI:1.219 ～ 2.999);病程15～年、≥20年发生DR的危险也较参照组(＜5年)高(OR=1.553,95％ CI:1.035～2.330;OR=2.038,95％ CI:1.182 ～ 3.514);收缩压≥150 mmHg发生DR风险(OR=1.749,95％ CI:1.202～2.544)高于参照组(＜120 mmHg);年龄、性别、血脂、舒张压等指标差异均无统计学意义(均有P＞0.05).结论 糖尿病病程长、高糖化血红蛋白、高血压、尿白蛋白升高可能是糖尿病视网膜病变发生的危险因素.     

Smoking and sickness absence among public health workers

BACKGROUND: As well as causing sickness and death, smoking has high socio-economic costs. The aim of this paper was to examine how closely smoking is associated with sickness absence among healthcare workers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cases and controls were paired by age, gender and occupation among primary healthcare workers in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Cases were selected from workers that had been absent from work due to sickness for 1 or more days in an entire year, regardless of the cause. Controls were those workers who were not absent due to sickness over the same period. Tobacco consumption was verified by telephone poll. Matched pairs analysis was performed. RESULTS: Among the 292 cases, 40% were smokers, compared with 31% of controls [odds ratio (OR)=1.51, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=1.06-2.14]. The association between smoking and sickness absence was stronger in those aged 30-45 years (OR=1.60, 95%CI=1.04-2.44) and among nurses (OR=2.08, 95%CI=1.05-4.14). When the cause of sickness absence was a respiratory disease, no association was found with smoking. However, an association was found with back pain (OR=5, 95%CI=1.45-17.27). Duration of tobacco consumption was higher in cases (a) when only current smokers were considered (P=0.002), and (b) when including the smoking duration of former smokers (P=0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is associated with a higher risk of sickness absence among healthcare workers, particularly due to back pain. This could be used as an incentive to persuade healthcare workers to stop smoking and re-inforce the non-smoking message given to their patients.     

Occupational risk factors for prostate cancer

BACKGROUND: Occupational risk factors for prostate cancer have been investigated with inconsistent findings. METHODS: This was a population-based case-control study of men in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. Cases (n = 760) were from the Ontario Cancer Registry, 50 to 84 years old, and diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1995 and 1998. Age-frequency matched controls (n = 1,632) were obtained from telephone listings. A questionnaire yielded information on occupational history and self-reported exposures to a list of occupational hazards. Exposures to these hazards were assessed by an occupational hygienist. RESULTS: An odds ratio estimate (OR) of 1.21 (95 percent confidence interval (% CI) 1.01, 1.46) was found for employment in trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations, possibly related to exposure to whole-body vibration (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.07, 1.78). For the highest quartile of lifetime cumulative workplace physical activity an OR of 1.33 (95% CI 1.02, 1.74) was found. No statistically significant associations were found for any other occupational category or exposure. CONCLUSIONS: This study does not provide strong evidence for significant occupational risk factors for prostate cancer. However, whole-body vibration exposures, as well as physical activity, may be worth pursuing in future occupational studies.     

Dietary fat and risk of renal cell carcinoma in the USA: a case-control study

An increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been linked with obesity. However, there is limited information about the contribution of dietary fat and fat-related food groups to RCC risk. A population-based case-control study of 406 cases and 2434 controls aged 40-85 years was conducted in Iowa (1986-89). For 323 cases and 1820 controls from the present study, information on dietary intake from foods high in fat nutrients and other lifestyle factors was obtained using a mailed questionnaire. Cancer risks were estimated by OR and 95 % CI, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, obesity, hypertension, physical activity, alcohol and vegetable intake and tea and coffee consumption. In all nutrient analyses, energy density estimates were used. Dietary nutrient intake of animal fat, saturated fat, oleic acid and cholesterol was associated with an elevated risk of RCC (OR = 1.9, 95 % CI 1.3, 2.9, P trend < 0.001; OR = 2.6, 95 % CI 1.6, 4.0, P trend < 0.001; OR = 1.9, 95 % CI 1.2, 2.9, P trend = 0.01; OR = 1.9, 95 % CI 1.3, 2.8, P trend = 0.006, respectively, for the top quartile compared with the bottom quartile of intake). Increased risks were also associated with high-fat spreads, red and cured meats and dairy products (OR = 2.0, 95 % CI 1.4, 3.0, P trend = 0.001; OR = 1.7, 95 % CI 1.0, 2.2, P trend = 0.01; OR = 1.8, 95 % CI 1.2, 2.7, P trend = 0.02; OR = 1.6, 95 % CI 1.1, 2.3, P trend = 0.02, respectively). In both the food groups and nutrients, there was a significant dose-response with increased intake. Our data also indicated that the association of RCC with high-fat spreads may be stronger among individuals with hypertension. These findings deserve further investigation in prospective studies.     

Case-control study of lifetime physical activity and breast cancer risk

A population-based case-control study of 1,233 incident breast cancer cases and 1,237 controls was conducted in Alberta, Canada, in 1995-1997 to examine the effect of lifetime physical activity patterns on breast cancer risk. No associations between physical activity and breast cancer were found for premenopausal women. For postmenopausal women in the highest quartile (> or =161 metabolic equivalent (MET)-hours/week per year) versus the lowest quartile (<104.8 MET-hours/week per year) of lifetime total physical activity, the adjusted odds ratio was 0.70 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52, 0.94). When the risks associated with each type of activity were examined for postmenopausal women, household and occupational activity conferred the largest risk reductions (odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.79 and OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.81, respectively, for highest vs. lowest quartiles of activity), while recreational activity was not associated with any risk reductions. For postmenopausal women, the authors found stronger risk reductions for those who were also nonsmokers (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.88), non-alcohol-drinkers (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.77), or nulliparous (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.70) when they compared the highest with the lowest quartile of lifetime total physical activity. This study provides evidence that lifetime total activity reduces risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.     

Intake and adipose tissue composition of fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction in a male Portuguese community sample

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation between intake and adipose tissue composition of fatty acids and acute myocardial infarction in Portuguese men. DESIGN: Case-control study. Diet was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. In 49 case and 49 control subjects, adipose tissue composition was assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Population-based; subjects were 297 consecutively admitted cases of first acute myocardial infarction in a tertiary care hospital who were aged>or=40 years. Three hundred ten community controls were selected by random-digit dialing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Odds ratio (OR). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED: Logistic regression, adjusting for age, education, family history of acute myocardial infarction, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, and energy intake. RESULTS: Total fat intake (OR 0.45, fourth quartile, P=0.02), lauric acid (OR 0.44, fourth quartile, P=0.02), palmitic acid (OR 0.58, fourth quartile, P=0.03), and oleic acid (OR 0.42, fourth quartile, P=0.03) were inversely associated with acute myocardial infarction. No significant effects were found for the remaining fatty acids. In the adipose tissue composition data, the adjusted risk estimates of acute myocardial infarction for the highest vs the lowest tertile were 0.16, 0.14, and 0.04 for lauric, oleic, and trans-fatty acids, respectively. A significant direct association was found for palmitic and linoleic acids (adjusted ORs for the highest tertile were 9.02 and 3.63, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Low intake of total fat and lauric acid from dairy products was associated with acute myocardial infarction. The association of polyunsaturated fatty acids with risk of acute myocardial infarction was nonsignificant after adjustment for energy intake and confounders. Recommendations on fatty acid intake should aim for both an upper and lower limit.     

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, dietary calcium intake, and distal colorectal adenoma risk

Vitamin D has recently emerged as a potentially protective agent against colorectal neoplasia. We assessed the associations between dietary vitamin D, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], dietary calcium, and colorectal adenomas in a large screening sigmoidoscopy-based case-control study in Southern California. Because conversion of serum 25(OH)D to serum 1,25-vitamin D is highly regulated by serum calcium, we also assessed modification of the 25(OH)D-adenoma association by calcium intake. Cases were 473 subjects with a primary adenoma, and controls were 507 subjects who had no adenomas at sigmoidoscopy and no history of adenomas. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of intake, those in the highest quartile of dietary vitamin D had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49-1.41] and those in the highest quartile of dietary calcium had an OR of 0.82 (95% CI = 0.49-1.25). There was a suggestion that plasma 25(OH)D may be protective in this population (OR for highest vs. lowest quartile = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.51-1.09). A significant protective effect of 25(OH)D was clearly evident only in those with calcium intakes below (OR = 0.40 for highest vs. lowest quartile, 95% CI = 0.22-0.71, p for trend = 0.005) and above (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.69-1.99, p for trend = 0.94) the median calcium intake.     

Dietary fat intake and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between fat intake, serum lipids and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly. DESIGN: A hospital-based case-control study. SETTING: The study was conducted at a tertiary centre and referral hospital for the province of Jaén (Spain). SUBJECTS: Cases (n=167) were patients aged 65 years or more with a low-energy fracture selected from the population attended at the hospital. Controls (patients without antecedents of any fracture) were 1:1 matched to cases by sex and age (n=167). METHODS: Diet was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were also measured. RESULTS: Participants in the two upper quartiles of polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) intake showed an increased risk of fracture, with statistically significant differences with respect to the first quartile in the adjusted model (odds ratio (OR)=3.59; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-12.1 and OR=5.88; 95% CI=1.38-25.02); P=0.01 for the trend test). A higher ratio of monounsaturated fat (MUFA) to PUFA was associated with a reduced risk of fracture (OR=0.20; 95% CI=0.07-0.60 for the fourth quartile; P=0.002 for the trend test). The intake of omega-6 fatty acids was associated with an elevated risk of fracture (OR=3.41; 95% CI=1.05-11.15 for the fourth quartile; P=0.01 for the trend test). HDL-cholesterol levels were inversely associated with the risk of fracture (test for trend P=0.03 across quartiles). CONCLUSIONS: PUFA intake was associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly, whereas a high ratio of MUFA:PUFA was associated with decreased risk.     

学龄前儿童身体活动和视屏时间与超重肥胖的关联

  目的  分析学龄前儿童身体活动和视屏时间与超重肥胖的关联,为学龄前儿童超重肥胖的预防和控制提供依据。  方法  采用病例对照研究设计,选取北京市朝阳区某社区4所幼儿园109名超重肥胖儿童作为病例组,在同样的幼儿园内选择体重正常的117名儿童作为对照组,对照组与病例组的年龄和性别频数匹配。用单因素分析比较两组人口学、身体活动时间、视屏时间、睡眠、饮食等特征,采用Logistic回归在调整协变量的情况下分析学龄前儿童身体活动和视屏时间与超重肥胖的关联。  结果  在调整年龄、性别、平均每日睡眠时间、儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ)总评分、中国学龄前儿童平衡膳食指数(DBI-C)正端分等因素后,每日身体活动时间 < 3 h的儿童与身体活动时间≥3 h的儿童相比超重肥胖风险增加1.55倍(OR=2.55,95%CI=1.16~5.64,P=0.02),儿童每日视屏时间每增加一个四分位数超重肥胖风险增加1.44倍(OR=2.44,95%CI=1.69~3.52,P < 0.01)。  结论  学龄前儿童身体活动时间不足和视屏时间较长都与超重肥胖相关。应采取综合干预措施有效增加身体活动时间并且减少儿童的视屏行为,降低学龄前儿童超重肥胖的发生率。     

Case-control study of lifetime total physical activity and prostate cancer risk

A population-based case-control study of physical activity and prostate cancer risk was conducted in Alberta, Canada, between 1997 and 2000. A total of 988 incident, histologically confirmed cases of stage T2 or greater prostate cancer were frequency matched to 1,063 population controls. The Lifetime Total Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure occupational, household, and recreational activity levels from childhood until diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. No association for total lifetime physical activity and prostate cancer risk was found (odds ratio (OR) for > or =203 vs. <115 metabolic equivalent-hours/week/year=0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65, 1.17). By type of activity, the risks were decreased for occupational (OR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.22) and recreational (OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.61, 1.05) activity but were increased for household (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.76) activity when comparing the highest and lowest quartiles. For activity performed at different age periods throughout life, activity done during the first 18 years of life (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.59, 1.04) decreased risk. When activity was examined by intensity of activity (i.e., low, <3; moderate, 3-6; and vigorous, >6 metabolic equivalents), vigorous activity decreased prostate cancer risk (OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.92). This study provides inconsistent evidence for the association between physical activity and prostate cancer risk.