食管基线阻抗值在鉴别胃食管反流病和功能性烧心中的应用

目的分析中国胃食管反流病(GERD)患者和功能性烧心(FH)患者食管基线阻抗(BI)的特点,并寻找最佳截断值鉴别非糜烂性反流病(NERD)和FH。方法筛选2014年10月-2016年6月在中国人民解放军总医院消化科就诊的反酸或烧心患者共150例,最终纳入122例,分为三组:NERD组69例、反流性食管炎(RE)组39例和FH组14例。所有受试者均接受胃镜检查和24 h食管pH-阻抗监测及质子泵抑制剂试验。分别对各组患者食管下括约肌上方3、5、9、15和17 cm(通道z6、z5、z3、z2和z1)的BI值进行分析。结果 NERD组各个通道食管BI值均显著低于FH组(P0.001),但均显著高于RE组(P0.001)。根据受试者工作特征曲线可得出区分NERD和FH的食管远端BI最佳截断值为2 415Ω(灵敏度为79.7%,特异度为92.9%)。NERD及RE组的酸暴露时间(AET)均显著高于FH组;NERD组和RE组的AET差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。NERD和RE中食管BI值均与AET呈负相关(r值分别为-0.649、-0.536,P0.001)。结论食管远端的BI值2 415Ω可用于鉴别NERD和FH。GERD患者食管BI值降低与食管酸暴露程度相关。     

高分辨测压联合阻抗-pH监测在功能性烧心、非糜烂性反流病及难治性胃食管反流病的临床研究

功能性烧心(functional heartburn,FH)、非糜烂性反流病(non-erosive reflux disease,NERD)及难治性胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)逐年上升,24 h食管pH监测曾被认为是诊断GERD的金标准。近几年随着技术的进步,高分辨测压和24 h食管阻抗-pH监测技术已从食管动力、反流成分和反流程度等更深层地阐述食管反流病因和发病机制,尤其是对FH、NERD和难治性GERD等给出了新的和重要的诊断线索。     

食管MII-pH监测对NERD和FH诊断价值的研究

背景:非糜烂性反流病(NERD)与功能性烧心(FH)的症状均主要表现为烧心,两者难以鉴别。多通道腔内阻抗(MII)是一种能全面监测和评价食管功能以及鉴别胃食管反流物性质和成分的新技术。目的:探讨食管MII-pH监测对NERD和FH的诊断价值。方法:选取2016年1月—2017年1月内蒙古自治区人民医院收治的内镜下食管黏膜无改变的烧心患者,行24 h食管MII-pH监测,并分析NERD和FH患者的监测指标。结果:46例内镜下食管黏膜无改变的烧心患者中,NERD患者26例(56.5%),FH患者20例(43.5%)。NERD患者pH4的总时间百分比、立位pH4的时间百分比、卧位pH4的时间百分比、pH4的反流次数,反流时间≥5 min的次数、DeM eester评分、液体反流次数和近端反流次数显著高于FH组(P0.05),而两组弱酸反流次数、弱碱反流次数、混合反流次数和气体反流次数并明显差异(P0.05)。结论:内镜下黏膜无改变的烧心患者中NRED所占比例高于FH。MIIpH监测对NERD和FH具有较高的诊断价值,能有效鉴别NERD和FH。     

功能性烧心与非糜烂性反流病患者的高分辨率食管测压及24h食管阻抗-pH监测结果分析

目的比较功能性烧心(functional heartburn,FH)与非糜烂性反流病(non-erosive reflux disease,NERD)患者的高分辨率食管测压(high resolution esophageal manometry,HRM)及24 h食管阻抗-p H监测结果,探讨食管动力障碍、食管下括约肌(lower esophayeal sphincter,LES)松弛及反流在FH发病中的作用。方法选取2015年9月-2016年2月于首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院消化内科就诊的有持续反酸烧心症状且内镜为阴性患者51例,均行HRM及24 h食管阻抗-p H监测检查,依据是否存在病理性酸反流、反流与症状相关性及FH罗马Ⅲ诊断标准将患者分为FH组(n=23)及NERD组(n=28),比较两组间上述检查结果。结果两组间HRM指标即远端收缩积分(DCI)、收缩前沿速度(CFV)、食管下括约肌平均静息压(LESP)及食管动力芝加哥分类正常者比例相比,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),且存在LESP、DCI下降及食管动力异常者所占比例均50%;两组间酸反流、混合反流及非酸反流比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 FH患者存在食管动力异常及LESP下降,FH的非酸反流明显高于NERD,提示食管动力障碍、LES松弛及非酸反流在FH发病中可能存在作用。     

内镜下阴性胃食管反流病患者食管功能及反流特点研究

[目的]研究反流高敏感(RH)、功能性烧心(FH)与非糜烂性反流病(NERD)患者食管功能及反流特点的差别。[方法]选取于2017年12月～2019年5月在首都医科大学附属北京中医医院消化科同时行胃镜、高分辨率食管测压以及24 h多通路腔内阻抗联合pH监测的141例患者,根据症状及检查结果分为NERD组(42例)、RH组(58例)、FH组(41例),比较3组患者食管测压、24 h食管pH及pH-阻抗情况。[结果]FH组LES静息压、同步收缩百分比显著高于RH组(P0.05);LES长度、LESP下降例数、LES残余压、UES静息压、UES残余压、波幅平均值、无效食管动力、蠕动断裂、DCI平均值、远端收缩延迟、提前收缩百分比、快速收缩百分比3组之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);3组间DeMeester评分、总反流次数、立位酸暴露时间占比、近端酸反流次数、远端酸反流次数比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。NERD组总反流时间、长反流次数、最长反流时间、总酸暴露时间占比、卧位酸暴露时间占比显著高于RH组、FH组(P0.05)。NERD组、RH组近端反流次数显著高于FH组(P0.05)。RH组远端弱酸反流次数、近端弱酸反流次数中显著高于FH组(P0.05)。3组远端非弱酸反流事件差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]3组患者均存在不同程度的食管动力异常,可通过弱酸反流增加、近端反流比率升高将RH、FH精准区分开来。     

非糜烂性胃食管反流病患者的反流事件研究

[目的]研究非糜烂性胃食管反流病(NERD)患者的胃食管反流事件,为进一步探讨NERD发病机制和有效治疗提供临床依据。[方法]68例NERD患者进行食管阻抗-pH监测,根据监测结果、症状指数,分为病理性酸反流(PAR)组、功能性烧心(FH)组、高敏性食管(HE)组,比较3组间反流事件的差异,研究反流与症状之间的相关性。[结果]PAR组总反流次数、酸反流次数、混合反流次数均高于FH组、HE组;HE组总反流次数、弱酸反流次数、混合反流次数、非酸反流次数均高于FH组;各组近段反流次数比较差异无统计学意义。68例中35例(51.5%)SI和(或)SAP呈阳性,其中50%的症状与弱酸反流相关,40%的症状与酸反流相关,少部分症状与非酸反流相关。[结论]PAR、FH、HE患者的食管阻抗-pH监测结果存在差异,可为临床鉴别诊断和治疗提供一定的依据。     

轻度反流性食管炎与非糜烂性反流病远端食管酸暴露和食管动力学变化

目的:探讨轻度反流性食管炎(RE)与非糜烂性反流病(NERD)食管远端酸暴露及食管动力变化特点.方法:符合洛杉矶诊断标准的RE30例(LA-A16例,LA-B14例),NERD16例,健康对照组10例被纳入本研究,所有患者及对照组均接受24h食管pH监测及压力测定,比较食管pH监测及测压结果.结果:LA-A组、LA-B组、NERD组DeMeester评分明显高于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05).LA-A组与NERD组比较DeMeester评分无明显差异,但NERD组的立位反流时间百分比与长反流周期数多于LA-A组,差异显著;LA-B组DeMeester评分比LA-A组和NERD组明显增高,LA-B组与LA-A组比较食管pH监测各项指标均存在明显差异.LA-A组、NERD组及对照组比较下食管括约肌静息压(LESP)、食管体部蠕动波幅度(PA)无显著差异,LA-A组和NERD组食管下段PA有增高趋势;LA-B组与LA-A组、NERD组及对照组比较LESP明显降低(P<0.05),LA-B组食管下段PA明显低于LA-A组(P<0.05).RE组无效食管运动(IEM)明显高于对照组,差异显著.结论:轻度RE(LA-B)与NERD远端食管酸暴露存在差异.DeMeester评分、LES功能不全及食管蠕动功能障碍与RE的严重程度呈正相关.LES功能不全及食管蠕动功能障碍可能不是轻度RE(LA-A)及NERD的主要致病因素.IEM与RE关系密切,且与RE有关的食管动力异常主要为IEM.     

Barrett食管、糜烂性食管炎和非糜烂性反流病食管酸暴露及食管动力学分析

目的分析胃食管反流病(GERD)三种亚型Barrett食管(BE)、糜烂性食管炎(EE)和非糜烂性反流病(NERD)患者食管24 h pH监测与高分辨率食管测压结果,探讨不同亚型胃食管反流病食管酸暴露及动力学变化特点。 方法收集2015年12月至2017年12月,新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院接受住院治疗的90例GERD患者的临床资料,其中BE组28例、EE组35例、NERD组27例,通过食管24 h pH监测结果评价患食管酸暴露及反流特点,高分辨率食管测压检查评价食管动力学特点。 结果3组患者年龄及身体质量指数(BMI)等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);EE组患者24 h食管pH监测中pH≤4(酸反流)、40.05);3组Demeester评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);LES长度3组无明显差异,BE组LES静息压及残余压较EE组和NERD组稍高,但差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);3组在食管远端收缩积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论食管测酸检查在GERD临床亚型的鉴别方面并无显著差别;Barrett食管、糜烂性食管炎、非糜烂性反流病均存在抗反流屏障功能减退,但不同程度的食管粘膜损伤对食管动力学的影响并无差异。     

神经节内板状末梢与食管内脏感觉

食管内脏感觉异常参与了胃食管反流病(GERD)等疾病的发生,被认为是非糜烂性反流病(NERD)、功能性烧心(FH)、非心源性胸痛(NCCP)重要的发病机制之一.通常认为迷走神经主要参与食管生理功能的调节.神经节内板状末梢(intraganglionic laminar endings,IGLEs)是一类特殊的迷走神经机械感受器,本文就其形态、结构、分布等特性,与其调节食管内脏感觉的机制作一综述.     

pH监测正常与异常的非糜烂性反流病患者高分辨率食管测压特征分析

目的应用高分辨率食管测压比较pH监测正常与异常非糜烂性反流病(NERD)患者的食管动力学特征。方法按标准选取具有典型胃食管反流症状的NERD患者35例和健康体检者10例,分别行上消化道内镜检查、24 h食管pH监测和高分辨率食管测压。依据动态pH监测Demeester评分将NERD患者分为pH监测异常组和pH监测正常组,比较3组患者食管动力的差异。结果 pH监测异常组食管下括约肌(LES)长度较对照组显著缩短(P<0.05),LES压力(LESP)显著降低(P<0.05),pH监测正常组与对照组比较则无明显差异。pH监测正常组和异常组均存在食管体部动力障碍,表现为食管远端收缩波波幅及远端收缩积分降低和有效蠕动比例减少,pH监测异常组改变更为明显。结论 pH监测不同NERD患者间存在食管动力特征差异,pH监测异常NERD组患者存在LES长度和压力异常,食管远端动力障碍更为明显。     

Functional heartburn patients demonstrate traits of functional bowel disorder but lack a uniform increase of chemoreceptor sensitivity to acid

BACKGROUND: Functional heartburn (FH) patients have a profound impact on the response to anti-reflux therapy of the nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) group as compared to the response of the erosive esophagitis group. Thus far, there is paucity of information about their physiological and clinical characteristics that may separate them from the other NERD patients. AIM: To compare physiological and clinical characteristics of patients with FH to their counterparts within the NERD group (NERD-positive [NERD+]). METHODS: Subjects with typical heartburn symptoms, at least twice a week, were evaluated by an upper endoscopy. Only those with normal esophageal mucosa were recruited into the study and underwent pH testing to assess esophageal acid exposure. The patients were divided into those with normal pH test (FH) and those with abnormal pH test (NERD+). The groups were compared for demographics, gastroesophageal reflux disease symptom characteristics, psychological profile, and reported quality of life. Additionally, the two patient groups were compared for stimulus response functions to acid, autonomic function response, and rate of Helicobacter pylori infection. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients included 30 with FH and the rest with NERD+. There was no statistical difference in demographics, frequency of hiatal hernia and H. pylori infection between the two groups. Patients with FH had a significantly longer history of heartburn and reported more episodes of chest pain than NERD+ patients (M--7.5 yr and M--once a week vs M--3.5 yr and M--once a month, respectively, p < 0.05). Patients with FH scored significantly higher in the somatization domain than patients with NERD+ (M--60 vs 52.5, p < 0.05), but had similar reported quality of life. Patients with NERD+ demonstrated a significantly shorter time to symptom perception and higher intensity rating (p < 0.05). Only patients with FH demonstrated a statistically significant increase in heart rate and skin conductance after acid perfusion, as compared to those with NERD+ (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with FH demonstrate increased reports of chest pain and somatization, an alteration in autonomic function but lack a uniform increase in chemoreceptor sensitivity to acid as compared to those with NERD+. This suggests that while FH patients harbor clinical traits of a functional bowel disorder, hypersensitivity to acid is not a general phenomenon.     

Changes in the esophageal mucosa of patients with non erosive reflux disease: How far have we gone?

The normal esophageal mucosa creates a protective epithelial barrier that constrains the acidic reflux in the esophageal lumen. Microscopic findings and functional studies indicate that this barrier might be impaired in patients with non erosive reflux disease(NERD) but not in patients with functional heartburn(FH). Whereas endoscopy and pH monitoring are the most important diagnostic tools in the diagnosis of NERD, recent studies suggest that esophageal biopsies might have a complementary role. Particularly in the differential diagnosis between NERD and FH, the application of histological severity scores showed very promising results. Further evaluation of the scores could lead to routine application of histology in specific NERD populations.     

Reflux profile of Chinese gastroesophageal reflux disease patients with combined multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring

Background and Aims:  To investigate the reflux profile of Chinese gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients with the aid of combined multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring technique.
Methods:  Consecutive patients presented with GERD symptoms were enrolled to erosive esophagitis (EE) group, non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) group and functional heartburn (FH) group after upper endoscopy, combined MII-pH monitoring and rabeprazole test. Another 20 healthy controls (HC) were recruited.
Results:  Sixty-four GERD patients (EE:20, NERD:22, FH:22, HC:20) were enrolled. There were more episodes of liquid reflux and proximal reflux in EE and NERD groups than that in FH and HC groups ( P  < 0.05). Patients in FH and HC groups had higher proportion of mixed reflux ( P  = 0.000). The percentage of acid reflux in EE and NERD was much higher, while there was a higher percentage of weakly acidic reflux in FH and HC ( P  = 0.000). No significant difference was found in MII-pH parameters between groups with and without response to rabeprazole test except recumbent percentage time of esophageal pH value below 4 and episodes of proximal reflux.
Conclusion:  Erosive esophagitis and NERD patients had more liquid and proximal reflux episodes than FH patients and healthy controls. Acid and liquid reflux was predominant in the former two groups, while weakly acidic and mixed reflux was predominant in the latter two groups.     

非糜烂性反流病放大内镜下微小变化的临床研究

研究显示胃食管反流病(GERD)大部分为非糜烂性反流病(NERD),目前NERD尚无内镜诊断标准.目的:应用放大内镜观察NERD的微小变化,探讨其特征性内镜表现.方法:58例GERD患者(NERD 47例,糜烂性食管炎11例)和6例健康志愿者行24 h食管pH监测和放大内镜检查,于食管、胃不同部位取活检行组织病理学检查.结果:内镜下,NERD组贲门口松弛,23.4%的患者食管黏膜水肿、血管网模糊;10.6%食管下段可见点状血管,27.2%可见隐性红斑;25.5%齿状线上有白色结节样变;29.8%齿状线模糊或部分模糊,形态与正常对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05);齿状线下黏膜不平程度亦显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).根据齿状线形态诊断NERD,锯齿型、三角型和半岛型的阳性率均为100%,宽大锯齿型为83.3%;根据齿状线下黏膜不平程度,斑块状凹凸不平和绒毛状不平阳性率均为100%,粗糙不平为91.7%.NERD组的食管上皮组织学表现与正常对照组相比无显著差异.结论:放大内镜下可以观察到NERD的齿状线形态和齿状线下黏膜不平程度,其特征性表现对完善NERD的诊断具有重要意义.     

非糜烂性反流病与反流性食管炎症状及食管酸暴露情况

目的比较非糜烂性反流病（NERD）与反流性食管炎（RE）的临床症状及食管酸暴露情况。方法具有反流症状的患者155例,进行胃镜检查和食管24hpH动态监测。结果155例患者中诊断RE76例（49．0％）,其中A、B、C、D级分别为40、24、8和4例;诊断NERD79例（51．0％）;RE组中pH监测阳性57例（75．0％）,NERD组26例（32．9％）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;NERD组食管外症状发生率较RE组高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而典型的反流症状发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;RE组各项酸反流指标均大于NERD组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;轻度RE（LA-A）组各项酸反流指标低于中度RE（LA—B）和重度RE（LA—C＋D）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但中度RE（LA—B）与重度RE（LA—C＋D）之间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;79例NERD中,依据监测当日症状计算SI值,pH阴性sI阳性（NERDpH^-SI^＋）15例,pH阴性sI阴性（NERDpH^-SI^-）28例,NERDpH^-SI^＋组的pH〈4．0（％）和酸反流次数明显高于NERDpH^-SI^-组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论胃酸反流是RE形成的重要因素,其中胃酸的浓度及长反流与食管黏膜接触的次数是直接造成食管黏膜损伤的重要因素;酸反流的程度与RE的严重程度之间可能相关;NERD根据酸反流与症状的关系可分为不同的亚型,病理性酸反流所占比例相对较低,酸反流的强弱在其发病机制中可能未起到决定性作用。     

Nonerosive reflux disease

Nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) is the most common phenotype of gastroesophageal reflux disease. By definition, patients with NERD have typical reflux symptoms caused by the intraesophageal reflux of gastric contents but have no visible esophageal mucosal injury. This is in contrast to patients with erosive reflux disease (ERD) or Barrett's esophagus (BE) who have obvious esophageal mucosal injury on endosco-py. Only 50% of patients with NERD have pathologic esophageal acid exposure as detected on 24-h pH monitoring. NERD patients with physiologic esophageal acid exposure and good temporal correlation of symptoms with reflux events are considered to have esophageal hypersensitivity, while patients with no symptom-reflux correlation are considered to have functional heartburn. It is possible yet uncommon for NERD to progress to severe ERD (i.e. LA Grade C or D) or BE. Patients with NERD and pathologic esophageal acid exposure have motor dysfunction and acid reflux abnormalities that are similar to patients with ERD and BE, whereas NERD patients with physiologic esophageal acid exposure have minimal abnormalities and are not much different than healthy controls. The pathological feature most indicative of NERD is the presence of dilated intercellular spaces within squamous epithelium, an ultrastructural abnormality readily identified on transmission electron microscopy but also on light microscopy. A symptomatic response to an empiric trial of high-dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy is a simple and useful strategy to establish the diagnosis of NERD, although histology and pH monitoring may be useful in confirming the diagnosis. Patients with NERD suffer similar decrements in quality of life as do patients with erosive esophagitis. Therapy is aimed at eliminating or reducing symptoms and improving quality of life. PPIs are the most effective agents for the treatment of NERD although they are less effective in providing symptom relief than in patients with erosive esophagitis. Laparoscopic antireflux surgery is an effective therapy for selected patients with NERD and outcomes are better when performed in high volume centers.     

Autofluorescence imaging endoscopy can distinguish non-erosive reflux disease from functional heartburn: A pilot study

AIM: To investigate whether autofluorescence imaging(Af I) endoscopy can distinguish non-erosive reflux disease(NERD) from functional heartburn(fh).METHODS: In this prospective observational trial, 127 patients presenting with typical reflux symptoms for 6 mo were screened. All the participants underwent endoscopy, during which white light imaging(WLI) was followed by Af I. finally 84 patients with normal esophageal appearance on WLI were enrolled. It was defined as being suggestive of NERD if one or more longitudinal purple lines longer than one centimeter were visualized in the distal part of the esophagus during Af I endoscopy. Ambulatory 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance and ph monitoring was also performed. After standard proton-pump inhibitor(PPI) tests, subjects were divided into an NERD group and an fh group and the diagnostic performance of Af I endoscopy to differentiate NERD from fh was evaluated.RESULTS: Of 84 endoscopy-negative patients, 36(42.9%) had a normal ph/impedance test. Of these, 26 patients with favorable responses to PPI tests were classified as having NERD. finally 10 patients were diagnosed with fh and the others with NERD. Altogether, 68(81.0%) of the 84 patients were positive on Af I endoscopy. In the NERD group, there were 67(90.5%) patients with abnormal esophageal findings on Af I endoscopy while only 1(10%) patient was positive on Af I endoscopy in the fh group. The sensitivity and specificity of AFI in differentiating NERD from FH were 90.5%(95%CI: 81.5%-96.1%) and 90.0%(95%CI: 55.5%-99.7%), respectively. Meanwhile, the accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Af I in differentiating between NERD and fh were 90.5%(95%CI: 84.2%-96.8%), 98.5%(95%CI: 92.1%-99.9%) and 56.3%(95%CI: 30.0%-80.2%), respectively.CONCLUSION: Autofluorescence imaging may serve as a complementary method in evaluating patients with NERD and fh.     

反流性食管炎和非糜烂性反流病患者酸暴露与食管压力监测结果分析

目的通过对胃食管反流病（GERD）患者的酸暴露情况、食管下括约肌（LES）压力、食管体部压力、幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染结果的比较，探讨反流性食管炎（RE）、非糜烂性反流病（NERD）的不同状况，为临床治疗提供科学依据。方法2001年10月至2005年7月，具有反流症状（烧心、反酸）的患者80例，胃镜检出RE31例，NERD45例，Barrett食管（BE）4例。行食管24hpH动态监测，并以De—Meester积分均值将GERD分为轻、中、重度，检测LES、食管体部即LES上方5cm、7cm、13cm（简记为L5、L7、L12）和食管上括约肌（UES）下方1cm、6cm、8cm（简记为U1、U6、U8）压力指标，并进行Hp感染的检查。结果RE、NERD两组患者食管24hpH酸暴露各指标的差异，无统计学意义（P〉0．05），De-Meester积分均值亦无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；轻、中、重度GERD患者食管24hpH监测指标具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。RE、NERD两组患者LES压力、食管体部的L5、L7、L12、U6和u8压力监测指标无统计学意义（P〉0．05），只有RE组U1压力低于NERD组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；轻、中、重度GERD患者LES压力和食管体部的压力监测指标差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。RE和NERD组患者Hp感染率分别为16．1％和22．2％，其差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），OR为1．309，95％C10．364～4．705。结论RE和NERD患者酸暴露、LES压力和食管体部压力等相应指标无明显差异；NERD在发病机制中，酸反流的强弱没有起到决定性作用。