复方红景天干预大鼠胶原合成机制的初步探讨

目的：从分子水平初步探讨复方红景天干预大鼠肝纤维化可能的机制，为进一步研究开发红景天制剂提供理论依据。方法：用四氧化碳皮下注射法诱导SD大鼠肝纤维化模型，同时给予复方红景天颗粒口服进行干预性治疗，观察复方红景天对大鼠肝组织TGFβ1、I型前胶原mRNA表达水平的影响。结果：口服复方红景天可能通过抑制大鼠肝组织TGFβ1、I型前胶原mRNA的表达。结论：复方红景天可能通过抑制TGFβ、I型前胶原MRNA表达，从而减少胶原合成等机制有效干预CC14诱导的大鼠肝纤维化，值得深入研究。     

复方红景天抗肝纤维化作用的初步研究

目的 从血清、组织等多方面探讨复方红景天抗大鼠肝纤维化的作用及其可能的机制,为抗肝纤维化研究提供新的选择。方法 用CCl_4皮下注射法诱导SD大鼠肝纤维化模型,同时给予复方红景天颗粒口服进行干预性治疗,观察大鼠肝功能、血清糖苷酶活性、血清肝纤维化指标以及肝组织病理学变化。结果 口服复方红景天可改善大鼠肝功能,降低血清PCⅢ、CⅣ、HA水平,抑制β-NAG、BDGP的增加,并明显改善大鼠肝组织病理变化,血清β-NAG、BDGP活性的变化与纤维化指标及肝组织病理学改变呈正相关。结论 复方红景天可能通过抑制胶原合成、保护肝细胞等机制有效干预CCl_4诱导的大鼠肝纤维化,值得开发研究,β-NAG、BDGP可作为诊断肝纤维化的有效指标。     

复方红景天抗肝纤维化作用的初步研究

目的　从血清、组织等多方面探讨复方红景天杭大鼠肝纤维化的作用及其可能的机制，为抗肝纤维化研究提供新的选择。方法　用CCl4皮下注射法诱导SD大鼠肝纤维化模型，同时给予复方红景天颗粒口服进行干预性治疗，观察大鼠肝功能、血清糖苷酶活性、血清肝纤维化指标以及肝组织病理学变化。结果　口服复方红景天可改善大鼠肝功能，降低血清PCⅢ、CⅣ、HA水平，抑制β—NAG、BDGP的增加，并明显改善大鼠肝组织病理变化，血清β—NAG、BDGP活性的变化与纤维化指标及肝组织病理学改变呈正相关。结论　复方红景天可能通过抑制胶原合成、保护肝细胞等机制有效干预CCl4诱导的大鼠肝纤维化，值得开发研究，β—NAG、BDGP可作为诊断肝纤维化的有效指标。     

舒肝安乐宁浸膏对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织TGF-β1表达和细胞外胶原沉积的影响

目的通过研究舒肝安乐宁浸膏对实验性肝纤维化大鼠肝脏组织TGF-β1mRNA表达和细胞外胶原沉积的影响,探讨舒肝安乐宁复方抗肝纤维化作用机理。方法以皮下注射CCl4花生油溶液建立大鼠肝纤维化模型,观测舒肝安乐宁浸膏不同剂量组对肝纤维化大鼠肝脏Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的含量以及肝组织TGF-β1mRNA表达的影响。结果舒肝安乐宁浸膏能抑制肝组织中COLⅠ和COLⅢ的含量和TGF-β1mRNA的表达。结论舒肝安乐宁浸膏对CCl4造成的实验性肝纤维化大鼠具有一定的抗肝纤维化作用,其机制与抑制胶原蛋白的形成以及抑制TGF-β1的基因表达有关。     

肝纤维化大鼠血清TGF-β1的变化及复方红景天对其影响

目的:探讨实验性肝纤维化大鼠血清TGF-β_1水平的变化及其与传统纤维化血清指标的相关性,了解复方红景天干预性治疗对血清TGF-β_1水平的影响,初步探讨复方红景天抗肝纤维化机制。方法:用四氯化碳皮下注射法诱导SD大鼠肝纤维化模型,同时以复方红景天颗粒口服防治,实验结束以ELISA法检测大鼠血清TGF-β_1水平,放免法检测血清PCⅢ、CIV、HA水平,比色法检测血清纤维化相关酶活性。结果:肝纤维化模型大鼠血清TCF-β_1水平较正常组明显升高,P<0.01;复方红景天干预性治疗可使其减低;模型大鼠血清PCⅢ、CIV、HA水平与正常组比较明显增加,P<0.01;AST、β-NAG和MAO活性较正常组明显增加,P<0.01;血清TGF-β_1水平与血清纤维化指标、血清酶活性变化呈正相关。结论:四氯化碳诱导的肝纤维化大鼠血清TGF-β_1水平明显增加,并随药物干预治疗而下降,能在一定程度反映药物的疗效,其检测有助于肝纤维化的无创诊断。     

转化生长因子-β1Ⅱ型受体同源序列1对瘢痕疙瘩中成纤维细胞胶原合成的影响

目的　初步探讨转化生长因子 - β1(TGF - β1)Ⅱ型受体同源序列 1(TRH1)的生物学功能。　方法　根据已知序列合成TRH1多肽 ,以瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞为靶细胞 ,分别于蛋白水平和mRNA水平检测该多肽对TGF - β1所诱导的细胞胶原合成的拮抗作用。　 结果　TRH1可以明显抑制TGF - β1所诱导的瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞的胶原合成及细胞Ⅰ型前胶原mRNA的表达。结论　TRH1可能通过模拟TGF - β1Ⅱ型受体的结构来竞争性结合TGF - β1,从而拮抗或降低了TGF -β1对细胞的诱导作用。     

苦参素抗大鼠肝纤维化作用的实验研究

目的　研究苦参素对四氯化碳诱导的大鼠肝纤维化肝组织Smad基因表达的影响。方法　 90只SD大鼠分为 3组 ,正常对照组 (C组 )、模型组 (M组 )和苦参素干预组 (T组 )。以CCl4皮下注射法诱导大鼠肝纤维化 ,干预组大鼠在造模的同时给予苦参素注射液腹腔注射 ,正常对照组给予液体石蜡皮下注射和生理盐水腹腔注射 ,8周实验结束时处死动物。酶联免疫吸附法检测血清TGFβ1水平 ,HE和Masson染色观察大鼠肝组织病理学变化和胶原沉积 ,免疫组化法检测Smad3基因表达情况。结果　苦参素干预组大鼠血清TGFβ1水平下降 (32 .6 5± 8.71)vs(96 .37± 16 .5 4 )mg/L ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,肝组织组织学积分 (1.9± 0 .3vs3.6± 0 .8,P <0 .0 5 )和胶原面积 ((94 .4 1± 37.2 6 )vs(6 90 .86± 188.71) μm2 ,P <0 .0 5 )明显减少 ;Smad3蛋白表达阳性率减少 ((2 .33± 1.6 4 )vs(9.5 6± 1.34) % ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　苦参素干预性治疗能够有效地减少大鼠肝组织胶原沉积 ,使其血清TGFβ1水平下降 ,并抑制Smad3基因表达 ,干扰TGFβ介导的肝纤维化信号转导     

骨髓间充质干细胞对大鼠肺组织胶原的影响

目的:观察骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对博来霉素(BLM)引起的肺损伤大鼠肺组织胶原的影响,初步探讨其作用机制。方法:将SD大鼠MSCs异体注入受体大鼠体内,2周后观察肺组织病理学变化,同时检测肺组织羟脯氨酸含量及转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)、血小板源性生长因子-A、B(PDGF-A,B)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)mRNA的变化。结果:MSCs的植入可使增生的大鼠肺泡间隔、基质胶原及Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原明显降低,使升高的肺组织羟脯氨酸及TGFβ1、PDGF-A,B、及IGF-ⅠmRNA的表达显著降低。结论:MSCs可减少肺损伤大鼠肺组织中的胶原含量,此作用与MSCs降低了多种促纤维化细胞因子的表达有关。     

TGFβ1正、反义基因转染60Co照射HELF对TGFβ1及I型前胶原mRNA表达调控影响

目的　观察TGFβ1正、反义基因转染6 0 Coγ射线照射的HELF后对其TGFβ1mRNA及Ⅰ型前胶原mRNA表达调控的影响。方法　采用脂质体介导法进行基因稳定转染 ,转染细胞经PCR ,DNAdotblot鉴定和RNAdotblot分析。结果　选择 5Gy照射细胞 ,采用LipofectAMINE将TGFβ1正、反义基因表达载体pMAMneo TGFβ1和pMAMneo AntiTGFβ1转入HELF ,转染细胞经G418抗性筛选出来 ,并且在糖皮质激素地塞米松诱导下培养。提取培养细胞的RNA和染色体DNA ,转染细胞DNA与地高辛标记的neo特异探针杂交阳性 ,且可用neo基因特异的PCR引物扩增出 2 76bp的阳性片段。对提取的RNA用地高辛标记的TGFβ1探针和α1(Ⅰ )寡核苷酸探针经RNAdotblot分析表明 ,转染pMAMneo AntiTGFβ1的细胞其TGFβ1mRNA水平下降 ,而转染pMAMneo TGFβ1的细胞其TGFβ1mRNA水平则升高。对于Ⅰ型前胶原mRNA ,前者表达水平比未转染细胞低 ,后者则略高。 结论　TGFβ1反义基因转染6 0 Coγ射线照射的人胚肺成纤维细胞后可以使细胞中TGFβ1mRNA含量水平减少 ,使Ⅰ型前胶原mRNA表达水平降低     

TGFβ1正、反义基因转染60Co照射HELF对TGFβ1及I型前胶原mRNA表达调控影响

目的 观察TGFβ1正、反义基因转染^60Coγ射线照射的HELF后对其TGFβ1、mRNA及Ⅰ型前胶原mRNA表达调控的影响。方法 采用脂质体介导法进行基因稳定转染,转染细胞经PCR,DNA dot blot鉴定和RNA dot blot分析。结果 选择5Gy照射细胞,采用Lipofect AMINEuqf TGFβ1正、反义基因表达载体pMAM-TTGFβ1pMAMneo-AntiTGFβ1转入HELF,转染细胞经G418抗性筛选出来,在糖皮质激素地塞米松诱导下培养。提取培养细胞的RNA和染色体DNA,转染细胞DNA与地高辛标记的neo特异探针杂交阳性,且可用neo基因转导的PCR引物扩增出276bp的阳性片段。对提取的RNA地高辛标记的TGFβ1探针和α1（Ⅰ）寡核苷酸探针经RNA dot blot分析表明,转染pMAMneo-AntiTGFβ1的细胞其TGFβ1 mRNA水平下降,而转染pMAMneo-TGFβ1的细胞其TGFβ1 mRNA水平则升高。对于Ⅰ型前胶原mRNA,前者表达水平比未转染细胞低,后者则略高。结论 TGFβ1反义基因转染^60Co γ射线照射的人胚肺成纤维细胞后可以使细胞中TGFβ1 mRNA含量水平减少,使Ⅰ型前胶原mRNA表达水平降低。     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

Sex differences in neuromuscular fatigability in response to load carriage in the field in British Army recruits

Objectives

Women are resistant to neuromuscular fatigue compared to men in response to a range of exercise tasks. The sex differences in the neuromuscular responses to load carriage have yet to be investigated.

Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength in runners in the Tirol Speed Marathon

Background

The local muscular endurance of knee flexors, during eccentric work in particular, is important in preventing or delaying kinematic changes associated with fatigue during treadmill running. This result, however, may not be transferable to overground running.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that overground running is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue.

Methods

Thirteen runners (12 male and one female) performed an isokinetic muscle test three to four days before and 18 hours after a marathon. Both legs were tested. The testing protocol consisted of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring contractions.

Results

There were no significant differences between peak torque before and after the race, except that eccentric peak hamstring torque (both thighs) was reduced.

Conclusion

Overground running (running a marathon) is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue. Eccentric hamstring fatigue may be a potential risk factor for knee and soft tissue injuries during running. Eccentric hamstring training should therefore be introduced as an integral part of the training programme of runners.     

Oxalosis in primary hyperoxaluria in infancy

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate-aminotransferase. This deficiency results in excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate, inducing renal stone formation and deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, bone, myocardium, and vessels (systemic oxalosis, SO) in the most severely affected individuals. We report renal and skeletal changes in a 3-month-old girl with PH1 and SO. Intense cortico-medullary hyperechogenicity and increased homogeneous radiopacity of normal-sized kidneys suggested the diagnosis of SO. Skeletal survey showed osteopenia and characteristic symmetrical metaphyseal transverse bands in long bones, progressively becoming more dense and migrating towards the diaphysis. Multiple pathological and slowly healing fractures of the limbs occurred at the dense band level. A radiopaque rim was then observed in flat bones, epiphyseal nuclei, and vertebral bodies. Inflammatory granulomatous reaction, induced by the presence of oxalate crystals in the marrow spaces, coexisted with progressively evident radiological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism, with partially overlapping features. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis until combined liver–kidney transplantation. There are no previous reports of infants treated with hemodialysis for more than 2 years.     

新疆石河子地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的调查与分析

采用LMT法对新疆石河子地区三个规模化奶牛场泌乳牛群进行了隐性乳房炎检测,共检测994头泌乳牛3976个乳区.结果表明:奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为81.9%,乳区阳性率为49.1%.数据分析表明,不同年龄、胎次以及有无卧床奶牛的隐性乳房炎阳性率差异显著(P<0.05),后乳区的隐性乳房炎感染率显著高于前乳区感染率(P<0.05),隐性乳房炎乳区发生数也明显影响当日产奶量(P<0.05).     

肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸碱失衡判断方法探讨(附80例次血气分析)

目的：对42例肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒患者的80例次血气测定结果。方法：用不同的酸碱图（卡）及代偿公式进行酸碱类型的初步差别分析。结果：结合临床表现、各种影响因素与治疗反应等作出综合判定。结论：比较二种判定的差异，并提出较为实用、可靠的判断建议，以助于复合型呼吸性酸碱失衡的临床诊断与处理。     

胎龄和日龄对新生儿局部脑血流的影响

目的探讨胎龄及日龄对新生儿局部脑血流(rCBF)变化的影响及规律.方法对早产儿组、足月早期新生儿组、足月晚期新生儿组进行99Tcm-双半胱乙酯(ECD)SPECT脑血流灌注断层显像,并作半定量分析和读片分析.结果早产儿组原始感觉运动区和枕叶rCBF低于足月早期新生儿组(P<0.05),显著低于足月晚期新生儿组(P<0.01),其额叶中份、顶叶rCBF也低于足月晚期新生儿组(P<0.05),其余各叶皮质rCBF随胎龄和日龄的增大有增加趋势.早产儿组脑血流显像图与足月早期新生儿组和晚期新生儿组比较有明显差异.结论早产儿与足月儿rCBF的变化可能与新生儿大脑皮质相应区域发育成熟度和时间顺序有关.     

Radiological strategy in acute stroke in children

The aim of the study was to estimate the preponderance of patterns of pediatric stroke, ischemic or hemorrhagic, their etiologies and the correct diagnostic protocol for acute management.Forty-one consecutive pediatric patients (age range 5-16 years) with an acute stroke observed in acute phase during a 10-year period, were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty-three patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 3 cases were studied by computed tomography (CT) without MRI, and 15 underwent both CT and MRI studies. In 9 cases, intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) was performed after non-invasive preliminary assessment.Seventeen hemorrhagic (41%) and 24 ischemic (59%) strokes were found. Among hemorrhagic forms, 5 cases were due to arteriovenous malformation (AVM), 7 to cavernoma, and 2 to aneurysm. Among ischemic forms, 2 were due to sickle-cell disease, 1 to hyperomocysteinemia, 1 to moyamoya syndrome, 1 to pseudoxantoma elasticum, 3 to prothrombotic state, 1 to Fabry's disease, 1 concomitant with CO intoxication, 5 to venous sinus thrombosis, and 4 to cardio-embolic state. Etiology remains unknown in 8 cases (20.5%).This study shows a moderate prevalence of ischemic over hemorrhagic strokes. Moreover, personal experience suggests that MRI is always more informative than CT and in selected cases should be the first-choice examination in the acute phase.