肌少症的血清生物标志物

肌少症是一种以肌肉量减少、伴有肌肉力量和(或)躯体功能减退为特征的老年综合征。近年来肌少症已成为老年医学研究的热点,对肌少症血清生物标志物的探索也取得了新进展。本文全面综述了肌少症的相关血清生物标志物,除传统的炎症相关生物标志物外,重点探讨了肌肉特异性生物标志物、氧化应激相关生物标志物、营养相关生物标志物、内分泌相关生物标志物、神经肌肉连接(NMJ)功能障碍相关生物标志物、小分子核糖核酸(MicroRNA)标志物等对诊断肌少症的潜在价值。鉴于肌少症的表型和致病机制复杂,难以通过单一生物标志物反映,整合多种生物标志物和其他临床特征的临床预测模型是未来研究的方向。     

肌少症与认知障碍的共同生物标志物研究

肌少症及认知障碍是两大常见的老年综合征, 两者互为因果,肌少症使认知障碍的患病风险增加,认知障碍也可引起肌少症,最终形成恶性循环关系。早期识别肌少症和认知障碍并对其进行干预,对改善老年患者的生活质量至关重要。而生物标志物较临床表型更早出现于机体。因此,本文从炎症、激素、营养及生长因子四个方面对肌少症和认知障碍的潜在共同生物标志物进行初步探讨,以期客观及时识别肌少症和认知障碍个体。     

老年住院病人肌少症合并认知功能障碍的影响因素分析

目的 了解老年住院病人肌少症合并认知功能障碍的现状及相关影响因素.方法 选取2018年11月至2020年1月我院老年医学科住院的老年病人445例,对其进行生物电抗阻分析测量、6 m步速测试、握力测量及MMSE量表评估.根据病人有无肌少症和认知功能障碍将其分为4组:无肌少症、无认知障碍组(n=222);仅有肌少症组(n=...     

肝硬化肌少症及肌少性肥胖的诊治进展

肌少症是肝硬化营养不良的重要表现形式，而肥胖常常和肌少症并存，且发病更为隐匿，不易被临床识别，严重影响肝硬化患者的预后。本文简述了肌少症及肌少性肥胖在肝硬化人群中的流行病学、影响，重点介绍了肝硬化肌少症及肌少性肥胖的定义、诊断和治疗。旨在规范我国肝硬化肌少症及肌少性肥胖的诊治，使肝硬化患者获益。     

维持性血液透析患者肌少症及肌少性肥胖的相关因素

目的:评估维持性血液透析(MHD)患者肌少症及肌少性肥胖的患病率,并分析可能导致肌少症的危险因素.方法:选取2019年10月至2020年3月山西医科大学第二医院的120例MHD患者为研究对象.采用亚洲肌少症诊断标准,筛查肌少症患者,计算其患病率.比较肌少症组和非肌少症组临床指标的差异,Logistic回归分析肌少症的危...     

肌少症和慢性疼痛的相关性

肌少症是一种与增龄相关的骨骼肌肌肉质量下降伴肌肉功能减退的老年综合征,对患者的预后会造成诸多不良影响,严重威胁老年人的健康状况。目前有较多关于肌少症危险因素和不良预后的研究,但肌少症和慢性疼痛之间的联系尚不完全明确。因此,本文将对肌少症和慢性疼痛的相关性研究进行论述,为今后研究肌少症危险因素和实现肌少症早期预防提供一定...     

肠道菌群与肌少症发病机制

社会老龄化加剧,原发性肌肉减少症(简称肌少症)患病率逐年增加,对于肌少症的机制、危险因素与治疗等均有大量研究。肠道菌群的变化被认为与多数疾病有相关性,目前认为肠道菌群与肌少症的发生与严重程度密切相关,是近几年的研究热点,但国内外相关研究有限,进一步研究肠道菌群对肌少症的影响对改善与治疗肌少症具有重要意义。本文着重于肠-肌轴,从老年人与肠道菌群的关系、相关机制等方面对肠道菌群与肌少症的机制研究现状进行综述。     

肝硬化合并肌少症发病机制的研究进展

肌少症是指骨骼肌力量和质量的损失和体能的下降。肝硬化作为一种慢性高代谢性疾病，肌少症的发病率为30%～70%。“肝-肌轴”的提出表明了肝脏和肌肉之间能够通过一些介质和代谢通路连接起来，相互影响。本文总结肝硬化合并肌少症发病机制的研究进展。有助于研究肝硬化合并肌少症患者的代谢组学差异，给临床提供营养补充的思路，对减少肌少症的发生、改善肝硬化患者的预后有指导意义。     

膈肌功能障碍与肌少症的相关性及膈肌的超声评估

<正>肌少症是指与增龄相关的进行性骨骼肌量减少，并伴有肌肉力量和/或肌肉功能减退的综合征。研究表明，≥60岁人群的肌少症患病率为10%～ 27%^[1]。 肌少症可引起衰弱、残疾、独立生活能力丧失和生活质量下降等不良后果，并与患者的认知功能障碍显著相关^[2]。因此，通过影像学方法早期识别肌少症，对肌少症进行及时干预和治疗有着重要的临床意义。     

呼吸性肌少症的研究进展

因增龄、肌少症及其他疾病等因素的影响,老年人的呼吸肌易出现呼吸性肌少症,从而引起呼吸功能障碍、活动受限等。本文就呼吸性肌少症的定义、相关因素、诊断评估及干预措施进行综述,以期提高医护人员对呼吸性肌少症的认知,为呼吸性肌少症的预防和治疗提供科学依据。     

Sarcopenia: current concepts

Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and strength with age, is becoming recognized as a major cause of disability and morbidity in the elderly population. Sarcopenia is part of normal aging and does not require a disease to occur, although muscle wasting is accelerated by chronic diseases. Sarcopenia is thought to have multiple causes, although the relative importance of each is not clear. Neurological, metabolic, hormonal, nutritional, and physical-activity-related changes with age are likely to contribute to the loss of muscle mass. In this review, we discuss current concepts of the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of sarcopenia.     

Quantitative computed tomography-based evaluation of skeletal muscle and presence of sarcopenia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Sarcopenia, or age-related muscle loss, is a common comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with multiple contributing factors. We hypothesized that the presence of sarcopenia can be estimated using quantitative computed tomography-based parameters in patients with COPD. We retrospectively evaluated 38 elderly (≥65 years) men with COPD for pooled data, including hand grip strength and gait speed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the updated 2019 criteria set by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Cross-sectional area of the erector spinae muscle (ESM) and pectoralis muscle (PM) were quantitatively evaluated and adjusted by height (ESM-I, and PM-I). Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 11 (29%) patients. The mean ESM-I and PM-I were 11.0 and 9.5 cm²/m², respectively, and significantly correlated with height-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass. The optimal cutoff ESM-I for the presence of sarcopenia was 9.41 cm²/m². ESM loss helped estimate sarcopenia in patients with COPD.     

Effect of nutritional interventions and resistance exercise on aging muscle mass and strength

Sarcopenia, defined as the age-related loss of muscle mass, has a negative effect on strength, functional independence and overall quality of life. Sarcopenia is a multifactorial phenomenon characterized by changes in muscle morphology, protein and hormonal kinetics, oxidative stress, inflammation, physical activity and nutrition. It is well known that resistance exercise increases aging muscle mass and strength and these physiological adaptations from exercise may be further enhanced with certain nutritional interventions. Research indicates that essential amino acids and milk-based proteins, creatine monohydrate, essential fatty acids, and vitamin D may all have beneficial effects on aging muscle biology.     

Age-related changes in skeletal muscle: changes to life-style as a therapy

As we age, there is an age-related loss in skeletal muscle mass and strength, known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia results in a decrease in mobility and independence, as well as an increase in the risk of other morbidities and mortality. Sarcopenia is therefore a major socio-economical problem. The mechanisms behind sarcopenia are unclear and it is likely that it is a multifactorial condition with changes in numerous important mechanisms all contributing to the structural and functional deterioration. Here, we review the major proposed changes which occur in skeletal muscle during ageing and highlight evidence for changes in physical activity and nutrition as therapeutic approaches to combat age-related skeletal muscle wasting.     

Sarcopenia in cirrhosis: from pathogenesis to interventions

Journal of Gastroenterology - Sarcopenia (severe muscle depletion) is a prevalent muscle abnormality in patients with cirrhosis that confers poor prognosis both pre- and post-liver transplantation....     

A neuromuscular perspective of sarcopenia pathogenesis: deciphering the signaling pathways involved

GeroScience - The escalation of life expectancy is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of age-related conditions, such as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia, a muscle condition defined by low muscle...     

肌少症的诊治研究新进展

肌少症是一种进行性和全身性的骨骼肌疾病,会导致肌肉含量加速损失及躯体功能下降。据报道,全球范围内社区中肌少症的总体患病率约为10%,而中国社区中肌少症的患病率约为12%。肌少症与衰老、激素缺乏、慢性炎症、线粒体功能障碍、营养不足和缺乏身体活动等因素导致的运动神经元、卫星细胞数量减少和肌肉损失有关。肌少症的诊断是四肢骨骼肌含量减少和力量减弱,伴有或不伴有躯体功能降低。肌少症的治疗包括非药物和药物治疗。非药物治疗包括抗阻运动、血流限制性训练和营养补充等,而药物治疗缺乏证据。早期诊断和干预肌少症可减少不良结果的发生。本文从肌少症的流行病学、病理生理学、诊断和治疗等方面展开综述。     

Sarcopenia as a Cause of Locomotive Syndrome: The Influence on Functional Mobility and Activities of Daily Living

Locomotive syndrome refers to conditions under which the elderly have been receiving support or long-term care, or high-risk conditions under which they might soon require support or long-term care, which are caused by musculoskeletal disorders. The concept of locomotive syndrome was proposed by the Japanese Orthopedic Association in 2007 for the promotion of preventive health care of locomotive organs to reduce its risk and decrease the number of disabled elderly requiring care in their activities of daily living. Sarcopenia is among the causes of locomotive syndrome since it is characterized by generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength or function and is associated with physical disability and poor quality of life. Consensus definition of sarcopenia was provided by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) and the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS). Prevalence of sarcopenia defined by the EWGSOP or the IWGS criteria and its associated factors have been reported in many studies. It might be difficult for people to recognize functional declines in locomotive organs, including muscle strength and physical performance, since they usually progress slowly and gradually. Therefore, it is of particular importance to raise awareness of the growing risk and to take action to improve and maintain the health of locomotive organs for prevention of sarcopenia and other diseases in locomotive syndrome.     

Novel individualized power training protocol preserves physical function in adult and older mice

GeroScience - Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, contributes to frailty, functional decline, and reduced quality of life in older adults. Exercise is a recognized therapy...