吉西他滨联合顺铂方案二线治疗晚期卵巢癌的临床研究

目的 对紫杉类和卡铂药物一线化疗后复发的晚期卵巢癌患者进行吉西他滨联合顺铂方案化疗,评估其疗效及毒性.方法 紫杉类和卡铂一线化疗后复发的晚期卵巢癌患者接受吉西他滨1.0 g/m2,i.v.,dl,d8;顺铂25mg/m2,i.v.,d1～d3; 21天为1个疗程,至少应用2个疗程,然后评价临床疗效和毒性,并进行随访.结果 30例患者治疗总缓解率53.3％.其中完全缓解3例,部分缓解13例,无缓解14例;中位疾病进展时间6.8个月（3～18.7个月）,中位生存期11.8个月.毒性反应主要是骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度毒性反应发生率为60％.结论 一线接受紫杉类和卡铂化疗后复发的晚期卵巢癌患者行吉西他滨联合顺铂化疗是有效方案,毒性可耐受.     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌20例临床观察

目的观察吉西他滨联合顺铂化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效.方法采用吉西他滨联合顺铂方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌20例,吉西他滨1 000mg/m2,静滴30～60分钟滴完.后用顺铂30mg/m2静滴,均为第1、8、15天给药,28天为1周期.结果部分缓解8例,稳定10例,进展2例,总有效率为40%.结论吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效较好,毒性反应可以耐受.     

吉西他滨联合铂类化疗药物治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的评价吉西他滨联合铂类化疗药物治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的临床疗效与毒副反应。方法51例晚期NSCLC患者接受吉西他滨与铂类联合化疗：吉西他滨1000mg／m^2，第1天和第8天；顺铂25mg／m^2，第1-3天或卡铂AUC=5第1天；21天为1个周期。结果完全缓解3例，部分缓解20例，有效率45．1％。中位疾病进展时间5．2个月，中位生存期10．1个月，1年生存率39．2％。主要毒副反应为血液学毒性，恶心呕吐等。结论吉西他滨联合铂类化疗药物是治疗晚期NSCLC安全、有效的联合化疗方案，值得临床进一步研究。     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗蒽环类及紫杉类耐药的转移性三阴乳腺癌临床观察

目的:观察吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗蒽环类及紫杉类耐药的转移性三阴乳腺癌的疗效、影响因素和不良反应.方法:采用吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗蒽环类及紫杉类耐药的转移性三阴乳腺癌28例.吉西他滨1000mg/m2静脉滴注, 第1、8天;顺铂80mg/m2,分3天静脉滴注, 第1-3天.化疗以21天为1个周期, 至少应用2个周期.结果: 本组患者治疗有效率为46.4%, 中位疾病进展时间为5.5个月.合并有肝脏转移者化疗效果差.无化疗相关死亡病例, 主要不良反应为骨髓抑制及胃肠道反应,Ⅲ-Ⅳ级白细胞和血小板下降分别为10.4%和7.1%.结论: 吉西他滨联合顺铂方案对蒽环类及紫杉类均耐药的转移性三阴乳腺癌仍有较好的近期疗效,不良反应可耐受,是有效的援救方案.     

吉西他滨联合顺铂二线治疗晚期乳腺癌的临床观察

目的 观察吉西他滨(GEM,健择)联合顺铂组成的GP方案二线治疗蒽环类或紫杉类耐药性晚期乳腺癌的疗效与安全性.方法 2004年-2007年以GP方案治疗蒽环类或紫杉类耐药性晚期乳腺癌29例,吉西他滨1 000 mg/m2静滴,第1、8天,顺铂25 mg/m2静滴,第1-3天,每21天为1周期.以WHO标准评价疗效和毒性.结果 29例患者,中位化疗周期数为3周期(2-4周期),其中CR 1例(3.4%),PR 14例(48.3%),SD 8例(27.6%),PD 6例(20.7%),有效率为51.7%.随访2年,中位TTP 35周(12-44周),中位生存期为62周(45～81周).主要毒性反应为恶心、呕吐与骨髓抑制.结论 吉西他滨和顺铂联合方案治疗蒽环类或紫杉类耐药性晚期乳腺癌疗效较好,毒性反应较轻,是二线治疗蒽环类或紫杉类耐药性晚期乳腺癌的安全有效的解救方案.     

吉西他滨联合卡铂治疗晚期鼻咽癌的临床观察

目的观察吉西他滨联合卡铂方案治疗晚期复治鼻咽癌的疗效及毒性反应。方法34例均为一线含顺铂方案化疗失败的晚期鼻咽癌患者,给予吉西他滨与卡铂治疗,吉西他滨1000mg/m^2,静脉滴注,第1、8天;卡铂AUC5,静脉滴注,第2天,21d为1周期,每例患者治疗2周期以上。结果全组完全缓解4例,部分缓解17例,稳定8例,进展5例,总有效率为61.8%。中位生存期8.3个月,1年生存率为43.8%。最常见的毒副反应为骨髓抑制,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度白细胞和血小板下降发生率分别为35.3%和23.6%,其余毒副反应均轻微,可耐受。结论吉西他滨联合卡铂方案对一线含顺铂方案化疗失败的晚期鼻咽癌有较好的疗效,毒性反应可以耐受。     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗复发进展期乳腺癌疗效观察

目的观察吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗复发乳腺癌的近期疗效及毒性.方法 37例进展期乳腺癌均为复治患者,35例用过含ADM的方案,均采用吉西他滨1000 mg/m2,d1,8;顺铂75 mg/m2,静滴,d2～4,21 d为1个周期.结果 37例中完全缓解3例,部分缓解16例,稳定12例,进展6例,总有效率为51.4%.中位无进展生存期5.5个月.主要剂量限制性毒性为骨髓抑制.结论吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗复发进展期乳腺癌有较高的有效率,毒性反应可耐受,可提高晚期患者的生存质量.     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期年轻乳腺癌的临床疗效

目的:观察吉西他滨联合顺铂用于治疗蒽环类和紫杉类耐药的晚期年轻乳腺癌患者的有效性与安全性。方法:收集2008年6月至2011年12月我科收治的25例年轻乳腺癌患者,在辅助、一线或二线治疗中曾应用蒽环类和紫杉类药物,出现进展后选用吉西他滨联合顺铂方案化疗。吉西他滨1000mg/m2静脉滴注,第1、8天;顺铂75mg/m2静脉滴注,分3天,每三周重复。每周期评价毒副反应,化疗3个周期后评价疗效。结果:有效率32.0%,其中CR 0例,PR 8例(32.0%),SD 9例(36.0%),PD 8例(32.0%);中位PFS为7.6个月;主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制及胃肠道反应。结论:吉西他滨联合顺铂方案用于治疗晚期年轻乳腺癌疗效确切,耐受性好。     

吉西他滨联合顺铂二线治疗晚期乳腺癌的临床观察

目的:探讨吉西他滨联合顺铂二线治疗晚期乳腺癌的疗效和不良反应。方法:选择蒽环类和(或)紫杉类化疗后的转移性乳腺癌患者30例,采用吉西他滨1000mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1、8天;顺铂25 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1-3天,21d为1周期,至少2周期后评价疗效。结果:CR2例(6.7%),PR12例(40.0%),总有效率为46.7%。中位生存期12.8个月,中位TTP 5.6个月。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制及胃肠道反应。结论:吉西他滨联合顺铂二线治疗晚期乳腺癌的近期疗效较好,患者耐受性好,值得临床推广。     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期乳腺癌的临床观察

目的探讨吉西他滨联合顺铂方案治疗一线治疗后失败的晚期乳腺癌的临床疗效和不良反应。方法对入组的32例经病理证实的既往治疗后进展的乳腺癌患者,应用吉西他滨1000mg/m2,静滴,第1天、第8天;顺铂25mg/m2,静滴,第2～4天;联合化疗,每21天为1个周期。至少2个周期后评价疗效。结果 32例患者中,部分缓解(CR)3例(9.4%),完全缓解(PR)15例(46.9%),疾病稳定(SD)9例(28.1%),疾病进展(PD)5例(15.6%),总有效率(CR+PR)56.3%,临床获益率为84.4%。中位疾病进展时间(TTP)8.7个月。1年生存率62.5%。不良反应以骨髓抑制、消化道反应最为常见。结论应用吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗既往化疗后进展的晚期乳腺癌,疗效较好,不良反应较轻,值得临床推广应用。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.     

Pseudomembranous colitis associated with chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil

Pseudomembranous colitis is frequently associated with antibiotics and more rarely with chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil. The objective of this study is to show that it is possible to confuse this infection with chemotherapy associated toxicity. We present a 54 year old woman who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer and in the first cycle of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil developed pseudomembranous colitis. We detected the toxin B of Clostridium difficile in stools and we began early antibiotic treatment. Thus, in patients with post chemotherapy neutropenia and diarrhoea that develop negatively, we have to rule out this infection.