首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Platinum (Pt) salts are potent occupational allergens in precious metal refineries and catalyst productions. The threshold limit value of 2000 ng soluble Pt/m3 enforced in many countries has been questioned because there is still a high incidence of Pt salt allergy. The objective of the present case series is to define the predictive value of biological monitoring by relating Pt in the serum of catalyst production workers and control subjects to sensitization to Pt salts as assessed by skin prick testing. A total of 38 Pt measurements were taken from sera of six workers investigated several times during a 5-year cohort study. Three subjects showed a conversion of skin prick test (SPT) with Pt salts from negative to positive during the cohort study (all considered highly exposed to Pt), and three did not show SPT conversion. Previous therapy with Pt-containing anti-cancer drugs and metallic dental alloys were considered as confounders. Only one of the three workers sensitized to Pt salt had clearly elevated serum Pt concentrations, but this elevation was not observed in each examination. Elevated Pt concentrations were also found in two subjects with low or no exposure to Pt. Both had metallic dental alloys. One control subject without metallic dental alloys showed low Pt concentrations in the serum in four examinations, but a single unexplained high concentration in his initial examination. In this small case series, serum Pt concentrations were neither sensitive nor specific for the prediction of Pt salt sensitization. Low specificity may be explained by Pt-containing metallic dental alloys, but additional unknown confounders may be of importance.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of this study was to assess and characterize the pulmonary reactions associated with occupational exposure to talc dust. METHODS: Ninety-seven talc workers and 110 unexposed employees as the reference group were randomly selected from a local rubber industry. Standardized respiratory questionnaires were administered to the subjects, they underwent chest X-ray and were examined by a specialist for any possible respiratory abnormality to be diagnosed. Furthermore, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were measured just before and after the work shift. Moreover, to assess the extent to which workers had been exposed to talc dust, using standard methods, inhalable and respirable dust concentrations were measured in different dusty worksites. RESULTS: The average (mean +/- SD) age (years), weight (kg), height (cm) and duration of exposure to talc dust (years) for the exposed group were 35.8 +/- 6.75, 73.1 +/- 9.2, 172.3 +/- 5.9 and 11.79 +/- 5.3, respectively. The corresponding values for the non-exposed group were 36.1 +/- 6.87, 73.36 +/- 8.1, 173.2 +/- 5.7 and 0 +/- 0, respectively. Atmospheric concentrations of inhalable and respirable talc dust were estimated to be 41.8 +/- 23.52 and 19.8 +/- 8.04 mg/m(3) (mean +/- SD), respectively. Talc exposed subjects had a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms. Similarly, PFTs revealed that exposure to this lubricating agent was associated with significant decreases in the mean percentage predicted of vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV(1)). Likewise, there was a general tendency for VC, FVC and FEV(1) to decrease as estimated cumulative exposure (years worked) increased. Moreover, there was an acute reduction in some parameters of pulmonary function such as VC, FVC and FEV(1), over the work shift. Chest radiographs of exposed workers showed that pneumoconiosis profusions were between p 0/0 and p 2/1 according to the ILO 1980 chest X-ray classification. CONCLUSIONS: These results that are in full agreement with our preliminary observations, support the notion that occupational inhalation exposure to talc is associated with both acute and chronic respiratory disorders and induces bronchitis and interstitial lung disease.  相似文献   

3.
目的了解四川省攀枝花市0~3岁儿童食物过敏现状。方法2010年1月—2012年12月,采用分层随机抽样方法在市内3个城区随机抽取0~3岁儿童1 387名进行问卷调查、体检,对所有纳入儿童进行皮肤点刺试验(SPT),根据SPT和病史结果确定可疑病例进行食物排除(FE)和食物激发试验,由激发试验结果确诊食物过敏;筛查的9种食物包括鸡蛋、牛奶、鱼、虾、橘子、核桃、大豆、花生和小麦。结果除28名失访外,共计1 359名儿童完成调查与体检,食物激发试验确诊食物过敏儿童103例,食物过敏检出率为7.58%,病史阳性率15.96%,SPT阳性率10.45%,FE阳性率9.49%;最常见的食物过敏原为鸡蛋(4.12%),其次是牛奶(2.43%),鱼(1.77%),虾(0.74%),花生、核桃、橙子等(各0.22%);在过敏儿童中单种食物过敏者70.87%,2种食物过敏26.22%,>2种食物过敏2.91%;常见的食物激发临床表现主要为皮肤症状。结论攀枝花市0~3岁儿童食物过敏率为7.58%,最常见的食物过敏原为鸡蛋,其次是牛奶、鱼和虾,单一食物过敏最常见,食物激发临床表现以皮肤症状为主。  相似文献   

4.
Background Latex allergy is becoming a major health concern among healthcare workers, of whom approximately 2.8 to 18% are reportedly sensitized. Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of a natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy screening program to identify sensitized hospital employees. Methods Nurses (n = 130) assigned to operating theaters and intensive care units were evaluated using a written questionnaire for symptoms of atopy (asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczyma), possible reactions to latex gloves, other medical devices and previous surgery. Serological testing for total immunoglobulin E (IgE), latex-specific IgE, and specific-IgE to melon, banana, kiwi, tomato, and chestnut were performed using Pharmacia CAP radioallergosorbent tests. Skin pick test (SPT) for latex allergen was also performed. Results Elevated serum total IgE was found in 22(16.9%) of the 130 nurses, 3(16.7%) of whom had increased latex-specific IgE further confirmed by SPT. The overall prevalence of latex allergy was 2.3% (3/130). No cross reactive fruit-allergy was found among the latex-sensitized nurses. Conclusion This study supports the existence of other forms of atopy are related to an increased risk of latex sensitization. The NRL screening program used in this study is feasible for use in identifying latex-sensitized employees  相似文献   

5.
为研究棉尘病发病机制,对163名棉纺厂新工人,于接尘10周前、后分别进行氯化乙烯甲胆碱支气管激发试验;同时测定车间空气中可吸入性棉尘浓度。结果表明:各组工人在入厂后激发试验FEV1下降值均大于入厂前,其中吸烟者的下降程度大于不吸烟者。未观察到剂量-反应关系。暴露后FEV1下降率大于5%、小于10%者9人(5.52%),大于10%、小于20%者7人(4.29%),大于20%者3人(1.84%);且以特异体质者较多,尤其是在10%~20%这一水平,高达6人(18.75%),而非特异体质者仅1人(0.77%)。提示:暴露后工人气道反应性增强与棉尘、吸烟、特异体质等三因素相关  相似文献   

6.
Objectives: The increasing prevalence of latex allergy among healthcare workers is a large socio-economical problem for the society and affected individuals. The objective of this study was to describe and evaluate a nationwide, interdisciplinary campaign by the institution for the German workers compensation scheme for non-public healthcare providers that targeted the reduction of exposure to powdered high-protein latex gloves. Methods: The effectiveness of the prevention programme is described and evaluated with a before-and-after design comparing data on compensation claims for latex-related skin and airway diseases of the German statutory compensation scheme for work-related diseases in non-public health services. A survey on change in glove use was conducted after the programme. Results: The main feature of the campaign among healthcare workers (budget €340,000) was to increase awareness by means of educational components on the aetiology of latex hypersensitivity for healthcare workers and their providers, and professional trainers. The number of reported compensation claims for latex-induced skin diseases increased from a pre-measure of 664 in 1996 to 884 during the programme in 1998 and decreased after the programme (post-measure n=567 in 1999 and n=204 in 2002). Doctors assistants in practices and nurses/nurse assistants/midwives filed most claims. Similar decreases were observed for confirmed claims and latex-related respiratory diseases, while two other prevalent occupational diseases in healthcare workers (low-back disorders, infections) increased during this time period. The survey demonstrated a considerable concurrent drop in the use of powdered latex gloves (hospitals 76% vs 37% for unsterile gloves and 86% vs 62% for sterile gloves). Conclusions: The campaign against latex allergy in connection with concurrent corresponding recommendations, activities of State authorities for worker protection, and regulations, is an example for the successful incorporation of research results into preventive measures that directly affect the frequency of a work-related disease. This effective programme can be regarded as a model for the reduction of other occupational diseases such as bakers or isocyanate asthma.  相似文献   

7.
Objective: To assess the health effects of transferral to low-exposure jobs on subjects with occupational asthma (OA). Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey of 83 workers in 2 platinum (Pt) refineries and 2 catalyst production plants, all with diagnosed OA due to Pt salts. In all, 9 workers (group A; 11%) continued to be exposed at the time of examination, 16 subjects (group B; 19%) had been transferred to other workplaces within the production building, 39 subjects (group C; 47%) had been transferred to areas outside the building but inside the plant, and 19 subjects (group D; 23%) had left the plant. The median period from transferral to examination was 54 months (lower quartile 23 months, upper quartile 84 months, n = 74). Symptoms, skin-prick tests (SPT) with environmental allergens and Pt salt, total serum IgE, lung function, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness were assessed by standard procedures. Results: Asthma symptoms were reported by all subjects in the production area but by only 37 of 74 subjects (50%) after transferral, with no difference being found between groups B, C, and D. Both the proportion of subjects sensitized to Pt salts (100%, 88%, 67%, and 42% in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively) and the degree of sensitization were associated with exposure (P < 0.0002). Total IgE was higher in group A as compared with groups B, C, or D (P < 0.002). There was no association between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and exposure. Although no univariate difference in FEV1 was found between the groups, regression analysis showed an association between FEV1 and exposure (P < 0.002). In all, 13 subjects demonstrated a predicted FEV1 value of <80% (22%, 6%, 10%, and 32% in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively). They were older (median 49 versus 37 years; P < 0.002) and had worked over longer periods in high-exposure areas in spite of symptoms (median 43 versus 10 months; P < 0.003). Fifteen subjects of groups C or D had been removed from areas B previously, eight of them due to respiratory symptoms. Conclusions: For the majority of subjects with OA due to Pt salts transfer to low exposure areas as defined in this study may not be associated with a more unfavorable outcome as compared with complete removal from exposure sources. Received: 16 April 1998 / Accepted: 3 September 1998  相似文献   

8.
A group of 57 female workers employed in the processing of poultry food and 51 nonexposed control workers were studied to determine the possible relation between respiratory and immunological findings in poultry food workers. The prevalences of all chronic respiratory symptoms were significantly higher in exposed than in control workers (P < 0.01) except for occupational asthma. The highest prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms in exposed workers was found for chronic cough (49.1 %), followed by dyspnea (43.9%), rhinitis (38.6%), chronic phlegm (31.6%), and chronic bronchitis (26.3%). Occupational asthma was found in 5.3% of exposed workers. Exposed workers with a positive skin prick test to poultry food extract demonstrated higher prevalences of all chronic respiratory symptoms than those with negative skin tests, although the difference was statistically significant only for rhinitis (P < 0.05). The most frequent skin reactions were found for poultry food extract (exposed: 66.7%; control: 25.5%; P < 0.05). An increased IgE serum level was found in 19 (33.3%) of the exposed and in four (7.8%) of the control workers (P < 0.01). Three exposed workers with occupational asthma demonstrated an increased serum IgE level. Our data confirm previous results indicating that occupational exposure to poultry food dust may be associated with the development of chronic respiratory symptoms and immunological changes in exposed workers.  相似文献   

9.
10.
目的 描述我国0~5岁儿童食物过敏流行情况,并探讨影响因素。方法 数据来源于2016-2017年中国儿童与乳母营养健康监测,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)抽取275个监测点开展营养健康监测。最终纳入70 107名0~5岁儿童作为研究对象。以面对面问卷调查的方式收集调查对象的人口学特征和食物过敏等相关信息。对数据经过复杂加权后计算食物过敏患病率,采用logistic回归模型分析食物过敏患病率相关的影响因素。结果 0~5岁儿童食物过敏自报患病率为4.81%,其中,0~5月龄、6~23月龄婴幼儿以及2~5岁学龄前儿童的食物过敏自报患病率分别为0.81%、4.68%和5.26%。logistic分析结果提示,6月龄至5岁、城市、西南地区、头胎、大专及以上文化程度母亲的儿童食物过敏自报患病率较高。常见的过敏食物为虾类、禽蛋类、蟹贝类、水果、奶类和鱼类,食物过敏自报患病率分别为1.55%、1.25%、0.99%、0.97%、0.87%和0.86%。过敏儿童中对单一食物过敏的比例为69.85%。结论 我国0~5岁儿童的食物过敏自报患病率随着年龄的增长而上升,常见的过敏食物为虾类、蟹贝类、鱼类、禽蛋类、奶类和水果等,大部分食物过敏儿童属于单一食物过敏。  相似文献   

11.
目的 研究西南地区家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏现状及相关因素。 方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取云贵川三省城乡6~24月龄婴幼儿3 344名作为对象,通过对婴幼儿看护人进行问卷调查收集婴幼儿食物过敏、致敏食物、婴幼儿及其家庭基本信息,初步探讨家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏流行趋势及特征,应用Logistic回归方法分析其相关因素。结果 家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏发生率为9.54%,城市(13.62%)高于农村(5.69%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=61.51,P<0.05);性别及月龄组间无显著差异。主要致敏食物为鱼虾类(城市34.65%,农村30.63%)和蛋类(城市29.53%,农村27.03%),第3位致敏食物城乡有差异,城市是水果类(9.45%),农村是奶类(18.02%)。剖宫产儿食物过敏风险高于自然分娩儿(OR=1.53,P<0.05)、4个月内非纯母乳喂养儿食物过敏风险高于纯母乳喂养儿(OR=2.17,P<0.05)、断乳月龄早于4个月儿食物过敏风险高于4月龄后断乳儿(OR=1.55,P<0.05)。 结论西南地区家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏发生率较高,值得进一步关注。自然分娩和母乳喂养可能有助于预防婴幼儿食物过敏。  相似文献   

12.
BACKGROUND: Since the 1980s, there has been increased use of latex gloves by health care workers and a concomitant increase of irritant and allergic reactions. The total protein content and the latex allergenic protein content in different types of medical gloves commonly used in our hospital were evaluated to acquire information useful for preventing latex allergy in our hospital personnel. METHODS: The total protein content and the allergic latex protein contents were evaluated with Lowry modified method and RAST inhibition assay in samples and extracts of 29 different types of medical gloves. RESULTS: The highest concentrations of total proteins and allergenic latex proteins were found in examination powdered latex gloves and in surgical powdered latex gloves; a significant amount of latex proteins was found in some brands of nitrile gloves. CONCLUSIONS: The clear association between the total protein levels and the allergenic latex protein levels suggests that the gloves with highest total protein content have the greatest allergenic potential. Therefore, it is recommended that manufacturing companies should provide package inserts including the total protein contents and possibly allergenic latex protein levels. They should declare whether they have added latex to their nitrile glove formulation. RAST-inhibition assays directly on glove samples instead of glove extract seems to be a good reliable and faster alternative for the evaluation of the allergenic potential of latex gloves.  相似文献   

13.
目的:探讨参麦注射液治疗煤工尘肺合并呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法:选取淮北市职业病防治院收治的煤工尘肺合并呼吸衰竭患者40例,随机分成观察组和对照组各20例。两组患者经过相关检查和明确诊断后均进行一般常规治疗,观察组患者在此基础上加用参麦注射液治疗。结果:与对照组相比,观察组救治成功的比例显著提高,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与此同时,观察组患者氧分压和二氧化碳分压等动脉血气分析指标均显著改善,且组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:参麦注射液可提高煤工尘肺合并呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效,值得临床推广。  相似文献   

14.
A follow-up investigation was performed on 49 female workers studied 2 years earlier in a vegetable-pickling plant. Acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and ventilatory capacity measurements were recorded during the original and the follow-up studies. Maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves were recorded during the Monday morning work shift. The forced vital capacity (FVC), 1-s forced expiratory volume (FEV1), and flow rates at 50% and the last 25% of the FVC (FEF50, FEF25) were measured. There were small increases in the prevalence of chronic symptoms between the two studies for both smokers and nonsmokers, but these did not reach statistical significance. Five workers at the time of the initial study had a diagnosis of occupational asthma; only one of these was still working at the time of follow-up. Workers lost to the follow-up had lower lung function than those seen at follow-up. In workers who were followed, larger than expected mean annual declines were noted for all ventilatory capacity parameters in both smokers (FVC 0.070 l, FEV1 0.070 l; FEF50 0.355 l/s, FEF25 0.270 l/s) and nonsmokers (FVC 0.045 l, FEV1 0.045 l, FEF50 0.285 l/s; FEF25 0.130 l/s). The decrease was particularly pronounced for FEF50 and FEF25. The accelerated decline in ventilatory capacity tests noted in the female nonsmokers suggests an independent effect on lung function of work exposure in this environment. Our data confirm that work in the pickling industry, particularly in small, poorly regulated plants, has deleterious effects on respiratory function. Received: 24 September 1996 / Accepted: 19 June 1997  相似文献   

15.
Background: In this study the latex protein content in devices commonly used in hospitals and general practice were investigated. The main aim was to acquire information for preventing latex allergy in health care workers and in the general population. Methods: About 22 different types of medical devices and 23 devices commonly used in general practice were examined evaluating the total allergenic potency by a modified RAST-inhibition assay and quantitative determination of single allergens (Hev b1, Hev b5 and Hev b6.02) by using commercial ELISA kit. Results: A high level of inhibition was found in medical devices, such as elastic bandage (81.57%), tourniquet (74.09%), Foley urinary catheter (68.35%), Penrose drainage (67.25%) and taping (39.6%), and in common devices, such as rubber inner-sole (84.20%), toy balloon (78.62%), latex mattress (74.27%), household rubber gloves (49.10%), working gloves (38.25%), inflatable floating mattress (32.10%). Concentrations of latex extractable proteins and Hev b1, Hev b5 and Hev b6.02 antigens were high in some medical and general devices. Conclusions: Latex exposure sources were found in hospitals and the home. These findings, though only preliminary and far from conclusive, could enable sensitized persons to avoid risky exposures and prevent allergic reactions. From the point of view of prevention, the time may come when every natural rubber object could be systematically labelled as “containing latex” together with the warning that “this item may cause allergic reactions in sensitized subjects.”  相似文献   

16.
Summary This study has been carried out to investigate the prevalence of byssinosis and other respiratory symptoms among 311 Sudanese workers in different sections of the Khartoum Weaving and Spinning Company. The prevalence of byssinosis was 67% among blowers, 40% in carders and draw-frame workers, 42% in simplex workers and 37% in ring-frame workers. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis ranged between 29 to 47% in all groups. A significant fall in FEV1 was recorded in carders and draw- and ring-frame workers. There was also a statistically significant decrease in FVC after shift in all groups except in the ring-frame group. The result of the present study revealed that the prevalence of byssinosis was very high in mills processing coarse cotton. Application of control measures and the early detection of exposure effects will reduce the prevalence of byssinosis and other respiratory impairments.  相似文献   

17.
BACKGROUND: While investigations into occupational health problems of various groups of workers have been conducted in Nigeria, so far, very little attention has been paid to the health status of workers in the grain industry. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among wheat flour mill workers and control groups in a medium size industrial setting in Nigeria was studied. METHODS: The study employed a cross-sectional analytical design. Data were collected using structured interviews, work-site observations, and physical examination. Respondents consisted of 91 flour-millers, 30 matched internal controls from the maintenance unit of the same flour mill factory, and 121 matched external controls. RESULTS: Fifty-four percent of the flour-millers reported at least one respiratory symptom compared with 30% of the internal controls (P < 0.05) and 19% of the external controls (P < 0.001). Most symptoms were significantly more prevalent among the flour-millers compared with control subjects, and this trend was more evident amongst non-smokers than ex-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded that wheat flour mill workers in Nigeria, like grain workers elsewhere, were at an increased risk of developing both pulmonary and non-pulmonary symptoms compared with control subjects. The result has implications for improved dust control measures in the grain industry in Nigeria.  相似文献   

18.

Objectives

Lung function tests have become an integral part of assessment of pulmonary disease. Diseases of the respiratory system induced by occupational dusts are influenced by the duration of exposure. The aim of the study is to investigate the impairment of lung function and prevalence of respiratory symptoms among the rice mill workers.

Methods

A total of 120 rice mill workers from three districts of Karnataka were included in this study. Fifty urban dwellers from the same socio-economic level were selected as controls. The study included clinical examination, assessment of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function test, measurement of peak expiratory flow rate, absolute eosinophil count, ESR estimation, total IgE estimation and radiographic test.

Results

The present study has shown that the rice mill workers complained of several types of respiratory disorders like phlegm (40.8 %), dyspnea (44.2 %), chest tightness (26.7 %), cough (21.7 %), and nose irritation (27.5 %). Rice mill workers exposed to dust presented significantly (p < 0.05) lower levels of FVC (3.44 ± 0.11), FEV1 (2.73 ± 0.15) and PEFR (304.95 ± 28.79) than the controls. The rice mill workers are having significantly higher absolute eosinophil counts, total IgE and ESR than control groups. The hematological findings suggest that the harmful effects may be linked to both non-specific irritation and allergic responses to rice husk dust among rice mill workers.

Conclusion

Dust exposure in the working environment affects the lung function values and increased the respiratory symptoms among the rice mill workers.  相似文献   

19.
This epidemiological study evaluated respiratory histories in those individuals reporting chemical intolerance (CI) in a community population sample. The subsample of 181 completed standard Respiratory Health Questionnaires. CI was determined from self-ratings of feeling moderately to severly ill from exposure to at least three of five common chemicals (paint, pesticides, car exhaust, new carpet, and perfume); the prevalence rate was 22.7%. The comparison group (CN) (31.5% of the sample) were selected from their reports of never feeling ill from the same chemicals. The prevalence rate of CI in females was over twice that in males (28% vs 12.9%), a significant difference. There were no significant differences in smoking, age, or education between CI and CN. Prevalence rates for symptoms and Relative Risk Ratios (RR) indicated that the CI were significantly more likely to report chronic cough, phlegm, wheeze, chest tightness, exertional dyspnea, acute respiratory illnesses, hay fever, child respiratory trouble, and physician confirmed asthma. Several of these respiratory symptoms were significantly, though differentially, related to current asthma and hay fever reports. Results suggest a potential vulnerability to and greater interference from respiratory illness for the CI, which have implications for women's health and quality of life.  相似文献   

20.
Adverse respiratory and skin health effects have been associated with occupational exposure to soluble platinum (Pt). However, the relationship between skin exposure and urinary Pt excretion has not yet been investigated. In this study we examined the relationship between skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt and urinary Pt excretion at two South African precious metals refineries.The skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt as well as the urinary Pt excretion of forty precious metals refinery workers was assessed simultaneously using Ghostwipes?, Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances method 46/2 and spot urine tests, respectively.The geometric mean for skin exposure to soluble Pt on four anatomical positions (palm, wrist, neck and forehead) was 0.008?μg/cm2 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.005-0.013?μg/cm2], while the geometric mean for respiratory exposure was 0.301?μg/m3 (95%CI: 0.151-0.601?μg/m3) and the geometric mean for urinary Pt excretion was 0.212?μg/g creatinine (95%CI: 0.169-0.265?μg/g creatinine). Partial correlations identified significant positive correlations between skin exposure, respiratory exposure and urinary Pt excretion (r?=?0.580 to 0.754).Skin and respiratory exposures to soluble Pt were both positively correlated with urinary Pt excretion, and both exposure routes should be considered when investigating occupational exposure to soluble Pt.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号