硝普钠和磺胺嘧啶银联合应用对大鼠深Ⅱ度烧伤创面愈合的影响

目的：研究硝普钠、磺胺嘧啶银及二者合用对深Ⅱ度烧伤皮肤创面愈合的影响。方法：100只WiStar大鼠背部深Ⅱ度烧伤创面,随机分成0．9％氯化钠注射液组、1％磺胺嘧啶银霜组、lmmol／L硝普钠组和1％磺胺嘧啶银霜＋lmmol／L硝普钠组。每组25只大鼠。动态观察烧伤后不同时间点创面细胞增殖周期、羟脯氨酸含量及创面组织愈合情况,计算创面愈合率。结果：伤后随时间推移磺胺嘧啶银霜＋硝普钠组创面愈合率高于其他三组;伤后第10天,磺胺嘧啶银霜＋硝普钠组创面羟脯氨酸含量、细胞S期百分比达到峰值,明显高于0．9％氯化钠注射液（P〈O．01）,磺胺嘧啶银霜组、硝普钠组之间比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：磺胺嘧啶银霜和硝普钠合用可有效促进大鼠深Ⅱ度烧伤创面愈合。     

复方磺胺嘧啶锌涂膜剂治疗小儿Ⅱ度烧伤创面的疗效观察

目的总结复方磺胺嘧啶锌涂膜剂与磺胺嘧啶银霜剂对小儿Ⅱ度烧伤创面疗效的观察。方法将104例Ⅱ度烧伤的患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,每组52例。观察组使用复方磺胺嘧啶锌涂膜剂治疗,对照组使用磺胺嘧啶银霜剂治疗,比较两组治疗效果及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组创面平均愈合时间明显短于对照组,观察组创面细菌培养转阴率高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗过程中两组均无不良反应发生。结论复方磺胺嘧啶锌涂膜剂治疗小儿烧伤创面,具有控制创面感染快、愈合时间短、不良反应无增加等特点,值得临床推广。     

几种深Ⅱ度烧伤创面处理方法的回顾及改善创面微循环的初步实验研究

目的回顾性分析几种深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的修复方法,探讨改善创面微循环对创面愈合的意义. 方法 (1)对于笔者单位烧伤患者的深Ⅱ度创面,应用削痂疗法治疗614例、磨痂疗法治疗32例、清创后异体皮覆盖86例、外用磺胺嘧啶银后创面暴露1 836例、外用中药京万红烫伤膏包扎治疗408例.统计、分析各种疗法的治疗效果.(2)制作大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤模型.伤后5 min内分别由其尾静脉注入等渗盐水(对照组,10只)、巴曲酶(治疗组,10只),创面均外用磺胺嘧啶银.测定两组大鼠伤前及伤后0.5-72.0 h的创面皮肤血流灌注单位,计算其伤后14、18 d的创面愈合率、收缩率及创面愈合时间.用组织学方法观察两组大鼠创面愈合后的皮肤毛囊数. 结果 (1)削痂疗法术后2-3周创面愈合,其中烧伤总面积50%～79%TBSA的患者治愈率94.8%,总面积80%～98%TBSA者治愈率93.4%.磨痂疗法磨痂+异体皮覆盖术后(13.8±2.1)d创面愈合,无瘢痕形成.清创后异体皮覆盖其中82例患者术后(18.0±2.3)d创面愈合.外用磺胺嘧啶银后暴露其中1 658例患者用药后(26.0±3.2)d痂下愈合.外用京万红烫伤膏后包扎患者多有细菌感染,其中下肢创面愈合时间为(26.0±2.8)d.(2)治疗组大鼠伤后2.0-72.0 h创面局部血流灌注单位均明显高于对照组(P<0.01).伤后14、18 d,治疗组创面愈合率明显高于对照组(P<0.01),但两组创面收缩率接近(P>0.05).治疗组创面愈合时间短于对照组(P<0.01).伤后30 d,对照组大鼠真皮层中残存少量毛囊,数量明显少于治疗组(P<0.01). 结论深Ⅱ度烧伤后早期采用削痂、磨痂或清创后覆盖异体皮的方法处理创面,可减轻感染、缩短疗程、提高治愈率和愈合质量.使用巴曲酶可改善深Ⅱ度烧伤创面微循环,加快愈合速度.     

磺胺嘧啶银治疗烧伤创面102例疗效观察

目的 观察磺胺嘧啶银治疗烧伤创面的效果.方法 采用磺胺嘧啶银治疗大面积深度烧伤及暴露部位烧伤患者102例,男56例,女46例,年龄1～47岁,烧伤面积0.5%～51%,烧伤深度均在浅Ⅱ°和Ⅲ°之间.患者均在烧伤后第1天开始使用磺胺嘧啶银治疗.结果 浅Ⅱ度创面73例均在伤后8～12 d痊愈,无1例发生感染和创面加深,平均...     

烧伤创面感染应用磺胺嘧啶银和磺胺嘧啶锌的比较

1％磺胺嘧啶银(Ag-SD)霜能够有效地控制烧伤创面感染,但其耐药菌株已有报道。磺胺嘧啶锌(Zad-G)在近期合成,动物实验及临床均证实其有控制创面感染及加速创面愈合的作用。本实验就Zad—G和Ag—SD对烧伤创面感染的控制及对创面愈合的促进作用进行了比较。     

焦痂下治疗烧伤创面感染

作者回顾美国陆军外科研究所二年中收治454例烧伤病人的治疗经验。平均烧伤总面积(TBS)为33.2％,男348、女106例,平均年龄29岁,其中143例伴吸入性损伤。住院过程中,19例发生绿脓杆菌烧伤创面感染而用羧苄青霉素作创面焦痂下浸润治疗,同时局部用药:白天用磺胺米隆冷霜,晚上用磺胺嘧啶银冷霜,每天清洗创面或浸浴。未给全身预防性抗生素。对疑有隐藏感染的部位,均作活检组织学检查以证实诊断;若发现G~-菌烧伤创面感染,即停用磺胺嘧啶银冷霜,改用磺胺米隆冷霜,一天二次作为局部用药。全     

磺胺嘧啶银联合生肌象皮膏治疗Ⅲ期压疮的效果观察

目的 探讨应用磺胺嘧啶银联合生肌象皮膏治疗Ⅲ期压疮的临床效果.方法 将125例Ⅲ期压疮患者按入院时间分为两组.对照组(59例)采用传统方法治疗,观察组(66例)采用磺胺嘧啶银与生肌象皮膏联合治疗.分别观察两组感染控制时间、肉芽组织形成时间及愈合时间.结果 观察组感染控制时间、肉芽组织形成时间及愈合时间显著短于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 磺胺嘧啶银联合生肌象皮膏治疗Ⅲ期压疮,可祛腐生肌,有效控制感染创面,促进创面愈合.     

美宝湿润烧伤膏再生疗法与磺胺嘧啶银霜抗炎疗法治疗大面积烧伤的比较研究

目的：比较美宝湿润烧伤膏再生疗法与磺胺嘧啶银霜抗炎疗法治疗大面积烧伤的疗效.方法：选择62例大面积烧伤病人,随机分为两组,烧伤创面分别采用美宝湿润烧伤膏再生疗法（实验组）与磺胺嘧啶银霜抗炎疗法（对照组）治疗,观察两组病人休克期情况、不同深度烧伤创面的愈合时间、感染发生率、手术植皮例数及瘢痕发生率.结果：实验组病人休克期补液量明显比对照组少、尿量多于对照组（P＜0.05）;休克征象发生率比对照组少,但差异无显著性（P＞0.05）.实验组创面愈合时间、感染率、手术植皮比例及瘢痕出现率均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论：在大面积烧伤治疗中,美宝湿润烧伤膏再生疗法疗效优于磺胺嘧啶银霜抗炎疗法.     

利福平在小面积烧伤的运用

临床上对于小面积烧伤患者常采用磺胺嘧啶银外敷暴露或多层纱布包扎疗法,在实践中发现此法常引起创面浸溃,易致细菌生长繁殖,不利于创面愈合.对此,通过对30例轻中度烧伤面积＜20％的患者应用利福平盐水单层纱布进行湿敷,效果较好,具体操作方法如下.     

烧伤病人血清和尿中银离子浓度

磺胺嘧啶银是—种有效的局部抗微生物制剂,在烧伤病人中应用能减少感染并发症。本文测定Ⅱ°及Ⅲ°烧伤病人的血清银浓度和24小时尿银排泄量,观察创面吸收量与烧伤严重度的关系。 23例烧伤病人,深Ⅱ°和Ⅲ°烧伤总面积(TBSA)为12～90％(平均47％),其中3例TBSA<20％,7例21～40％,7例40～60％,6例>60％。3例(13％)死于全身性感染,TBSA均>75％。清创术后立即用浸有1％磺胺嘧啶银冷霜的粗孔网织纱布涂敷创面,以后每天用药一次,直至出院或创面愈合。营养支持的目的是     

纳米银敷料在修复Ⅱ度烧伤创面的应用研究

目的观察纳米银敷料在Ⅱ度烧伤创面的防治感染作用及对创面愈合时间的影响。方法将Ⅱ度(深、浅)烧伤创面患者随机分为纳米银敷料组(A组,65例),1%磺胺嘧啶银霜组(B组,63例)和凡士林油纱组(C组,63例)。创面敷料或用药每天更换1次,使用前后进行创面细菌培养,观察创面愈合时间并进行统计学比较。结果在防治创面细菌定植方面,治疗后创面细菌培养阳性率A组(0%)与B组(1·6%)相似,均较治疗前下降,而C组治疗后细菌培养阳性率(14·3%)较治疗前(4·8%)明显增加。A组浅Ⅱ度创面愈合时间为(9·6±1·6)d,与B、C两组比较均明显提前(P<0·01);A组深Ⅱ度创面愈合时间为(19·1±2·6)d,与C组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0·01),与B组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0·05)。结论Ⅱ度烧伤创面应用纳米银敷料,可以降低患者创面感染的风险,缩短创面愈合时间。     

重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子与纳米银敷料联合治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的临床观察

目的:探讨重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor~rh-aFGF)与纳米银敷料联合应用治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的疗效。方法:深Ⅱ度烧伤创面患者98例,随机采用自身对照选择相同深度的两个创面分为应用重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(rh-aFGF)与纳米银敷料联合应用治疗组(简称治疗组);应用重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(rh-aFGF)与凡士林纱布治疗(简称对照组)。结果:与对照组比较,治疗组创面愈合时间明显缩短。差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),抑(杀)菌效果显著。结论:重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(rh-aFGF)与纳米银敷料联合应用治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面能明显促进深Ⅱ度创面愈合,有效抑制或杀灭烧伤创面病原菌,明显缩短深Ⅱ度烧伤创面愈合时间。     

Novel negative pressure wound therapy device without foam or gauze is effective at −50 mmHg

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) promotes healing in acute or chronic wounds. Conventional NPWT devices consist of a filler (such as foam or gauze) that covers the wound and of a permeable membrane and tubing that connects the space under the membrane to a suction pump. The permeable membrane increases airflow and thus increases the required pump capacity that can cause patient discomfort or even ischemia in wounds with compromised vascularity. In addition, foam or gauze may fragment and become colonized with bacteria over time. To mitigate these, negative aspects, we have developed a new impermeable single layer component membrane dressing to deliver NPWT that does not need a foam or gauze to function. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to introduce this novel NPWT system (platform wound device, PWD) and evaluate its usability and effectiveness in the treatment of porcine full‐thickness burns. A total of 48 burn wounds were created across four Yorkshire pigs on the dorsum. Wounds were created on day 0 and continuous NPWT with ?50 mmHg and ? 80 mmHg was initiated immediately. Subsequently, the burns were debrided on day 3 and animals were euthanized on day 7. The efficacy of the PWD on wound healing and reduction of bacterial burden was measured and compared to wounds that did not receive NPWT. The results showed that PWD promoted wound healing by outperforming the wounds that did not receive NPWT and that PWD was efficient at reducing bacteria from the burn eschar and from the wound bed. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that PWD promoted wound healing with a negative pressure as low as ?50 mmHg, which likely benefits healing and avoids potential safety issues.     

Experimental study of topical uses of para-chloro-methyl-xylenol in burns: therapeutic effect against Staphylococcus aureus

The therapeutic effect of para-chloro-methyl-xylenol (PCMX), a disinfectant of phenol compound, against Staphylococcus aureus infection in burns is evaluated in the present article. The MIC of PCMX is 50 micrograms/ml. Experimental study was done on deep burn wounds of white rabbit. Bacterial stock of Staphylococcus aureus was inoculated on the wound surface 15 min after the burn. Five hours later, cream base, and creams of 1% silver sulfadiazine (Ag-SD) and 5% PCMX were topically applied followed by dressing change once a day. Biopsy was performed on the third postburn day. Samples of subeschar tissue were sent for bacterial count and pathological examination. The average bacterial count per gram of subeschar tissue of cream base, Ag-SD cream, and PCMX cream groups was 4.69 X 10(8), 3.05 X 10(6), zero, respectively. Gross inspection of the wound surface showed dry and intact in PCMX cream group, while in the other two groups autolysis of the eschar were seen. Microscopic examination of the pathological sections indicated a generalized lesion with degeneration and necrosis of the epithelium and the dermis, subcutaneous edema, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and degeneration of myofascia. The lesion seen in PCMX group was mild. While those of the other two groups were severe with the amount distribution of Staphylococcus aureus and more severe in the cream base group. Results of the study demonstrated that PCMX is an effective antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus aureus. Its better therapeutic effect might be due to a higher concentration of PCMX cream than that reported in the literature was used in the present study.     

驻极体对金黄色葡萄球菌感染创面影响的实验研究

采用兔背创面模型，观察驻极体对金黄色葡萄球菌感染创面的影响。于兔背上接种金黄色葡萄球菌液（１０６／ｍｌ），将４０个创面分成两组，对照组贴上凡士林油纱布，治疗组贴上－１５００ｖ驻极体薄膜。于术后第１、２、３、５、７、１０天进行肉眼观察、痂下组织细菌定量计算及组织学检查。结果发现：从术后第３天开始，治疗组含菌量日益减少，创面开始有上皮细胞生长，至第７天，上皮细胞生长旺盛。对照组含菌量日趋增多，且无上皮细胞生长。     

银离子藻酸盐敷料在儿童四肢深II度烧伤创面中的应用效果观察

目的:探讨藻酸盐银离子敷料治疗儿童深II度烧伤创面中临床效果.方法:选取2015年7月—2016年5月我院烧伤整形科收治的四肢深II度烧伤患儿共60例,随机分为观察组和对照组.在创面清创后,观察组外用藻酸盐银离子敷料覆盖,无菌纱布包扎;对照组采用银锌霜皮肤黏膜抗菌剂涂抹,无菌纱布包扎.两组均根据创面渗出情况换药.比较两组患儿的换药次数、入院第7天的发热率、创面愈合率及愈合时间.结果:与对照组相比,观察组换药次数(8.63±2.37)次,明显少于对照组(14.70±2.30)次,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组治疗第7天患儿发热率为6.67%(2例),明显低于对照组23.33%(7例),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗第7、11、15和19天创面愈合率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组创面愈合时间为(20.70±2.30)d,住院时间为(21.33±3.67)d,均较对照组[(27.63±3.63)d和(28.30±3.30)d]缩短,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:应用银离子藻酸盐敷料治疗儿童四肢深II度烧伤创面能减少换药次数,加速创面愈合,减少患者痛苦,值得推广和应用.     

大鼠烫伤创面感染模型的研制

目的 拟建立稳定的大鼠烫伤创面感染模型,以便于进行相关防治研究.方法 (1)取50只SD大鼠,使用恒温恒压烫伤仪,以底面积4.5 cm2、质量0.5kg的80℃圆柱形烫头垂直接触大鼠脊柱左右两侧皮肤,致伤4、6、8、10、12 s(每种致伤时间10只大鼠,左右侧烫伤时间相同)制作烫伤模型.伤后24 h,观察创面大体情况,记录左侧创面愈合时间,取右侧创面组织行组织学观察,根据结果筛选浅Ⅱ度、深Ⅱ度创面致伤时间.(2)另取36只SD大鼠,按随机数字表法分为浅Ⅱ度组、深Ⅱ度组,每组18只,按照前述方法与选定的致伤时间分别制成浅Ⅱ度、深Ⅱ度烫伤创面.伤后即刻在2组大鼠一侧创面分别接种0.1 mL含1×109、1×107、1×105CFU铜绿假单胞菌标准菌株ATCC 27853的菌液(每种菌量6只大鼠),在另一侧创面涂抹等体积生理盐水作为对照.接种细菌后24 h HE染色观察创面炎症反应情况;接种细菌后1、2、3、5、7、14 d进行革兰染色及生化反应鉴定菌种,检测并计算痂下细菌含量;记录2组大鼠创面愈合时间.对数据行t检验.结果 (1)根据大鼠创面愈合时间及组织学检查结果,筛选出烫伤6 s和8 s分别为浅Ⅱ度和深Ⅱ度创面的致伤时间.(2)浅Ⅱ度组大鼠仅接种1×109CFU细菌的创面有少许炎性细胞浸润;深Ⅱ度组接种1×109、1×107CFU细菌创面均有炎性细胞浸润,前者浸润更明显.(3)创面细菌鉴定结果为铜绿假单胞菌.浅Ⅱ度组创面接种各种菌量后14 d内,痂下细菌含量绝大多数低于1×105CFU/g;深Ⅱ度组创面接种1×109 CFU细菌后14 d内,痂下细菌含量均高于1×105CFU/g并呈持续上升趋势.(4)浅Ⅱ度组接种1×109、1×107、1×105 CFU细菌的创面与生理盐水对照创面愈合时间相近(t值分别为1.26、0.29、1.07,P值均大于0.05);深Ⅱ度组接种1×109CFU细菌创面愈合时间[(22.5±1.0)d]较生理盐水对照创面[(19.4±1.6)d]明显延长(t=2.73,P＜0.05).结论 大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤创面接种1×109 CFU铜绿假单胞菌标准菌株ATCC 27853,可作为感染创面防治研究的实验模型,该模型稳定、重复性较高.

Abstract：

Objective To reproduce a reliable rat model of burn with infection for the study of prevention and treatment of infected wound. Methods ( 1 ) Electrical burn producing apparatus equipped with constant temperature (80 ℃ ) and pressure (0.5 kg) was used to reproduce burn injury (with area of 4.5 cm2 ) on both sides of the back in 50 SD rats for different duration (4, 6, 8, 10, 12 s) , with 10 rats for each burn duration. On post burn day (PBD) 1, gross condition of wounds was observed with naked eyes.Wounds on the left side were used to observe healing time. The wounds on the right side were used for histological observation to determine the depth of injury, and they were classified into superficial and deep partialthickness injury. (2) Another 36 SD rats were divided into A (inflicted with superficial partial-thickness burn, n = 18) and B (inflicted with deep partial-thickness burn, n = 18) groups according to the random number table. Rats in both groups were treated in accordance with method of preliminary experiment. Immediately after burn, 0. 1 mL of liquid containing 1 × 109, 1 × 107, 1 × 105 CFU Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) ATCC 27853 was respectively inoculated to the wounds on one side (with 6 rats for each amount) ,while the wounds on the other side were treated with the same volume of normal saline as control. Inflammatory reaction of wounds was examined with HE staining on post inoculation day (PID) 1. On PID 1, 2, 3,5, 7, and 14, the number of subeschar bacteria was respectively counted and the bacteria were identified with Gram stain and biochemical reaction. Wound healing time was recorded. Data were processed with t test. Results (1) Burn for 6, 8 s was respectively identified as injury time resulting in superficial or deep partial-thickness injury according to histological observation and wound healing time. (2) Obvious inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the wounds in B group which were inoculated with 1 × 107 , 1 ×109 CFU PA, and the infiltration was less marked in A group with inoculation of 1 × 109 CFU PA. (3) The bacteria isolated from wounds of A and B groups was identified as PA. The subeschar bacteria count within PID 14 in A group, in which different amount of PA was inoculated, was mostly less than 1 × 105 CFU/g of tissue, while that in B group in which 1 × 109 CFU PA was inoculated was more than 1 × 105 CFU/g of tissue. (4) There was no obvious difference in wound healing time between wounds inoculated with different amount of PA and wounds treated with normal saline in A group ( with t value respectively 1.26, 0. 29, 1.07,P values all above 0.05 ). Wound healing time of wounds in B group, in which 1 × 109 CFU PA was inoculated, was longer as compared with that treated with normal saline [(22.5 + 1.0) d vs. ( 19.4 + 1.6) d, t =2.73, P ＜0. 05]. Conclusions In rat, deep partial-thickness burn wound inoculated with 1 × 109 CFU PA ATCC 27853 is a reliable model with high reproducibility for the study of infection of burn wound.     

硝酸银软膏对Ⅱ度烧伤创面治疗作用的多中心临床研究

目的观察硝酸银(AgNO3)软膏对浅Ⅱ、深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的治疗效果,并评价其药物不良反应。方法选择80例浅Ⅱ度和40例深Ⅱ度烧伤患者,进行多中心、随机、阳性药物平行对照和同体试验研究(共4个中心,每个中心30例)。将患者创面按用药不同分为AgNO3组和磺胺嘧啶银(SD-Ag)组,观察各组创面完全愈合时间、指定时相点下创面愈合率、创面细菌培养情况、药物疗效和安全性、药物对创面的刺激性等。结果浅Ⅱ度创面:AgNO3组完全愈合时间为(9．5±2．7)d, SD-Ag组为(10．8±3．4)d,用药后7 d创面愈合率分别为(77．9±20．5)％及(67．3±22．6)％;深Ⅱ度创面:AgNO3组完全愈合时间为(21．5±4．8)d,SD-Ag组为(23．3±6,4)d,用药后20 d创面愈合率分别为(86．6±15．9)％及(78．5±17．7)％。同等深度烧伤创面上述各项数据两组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0．01)。同等深度烧伤创面AgNO3组与SD-Ag组比较,具有同样明显的杀菌作用,但前者对创面的刺激性更小。结论AgNO3软膏是一种可用于浅Ⅱ、深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的有效、安全的外用药。     

Comparison of an occlusive and a semi-occlusive dressing and the effect of the wound exudate upon keratinocyte proliferation

Three consecutive studies were performed in 58 patients evaluating the effect of occlusion on the healing of partial-thickness wounds. Mirror-image donor sites were covered with the occlusive hydrocolloid dressing (HCD) (DuoDerm) and compared to fine mesh gauze, and the HCD was subsequently compared to a semi-occlusive dressing of polyurethane film, (Op-site). In addition, partial-thickness burn wounds were covered with the HCD and the remaining burn wound was treated with silver sulfadiazine. The donor sites and burn wounds treated with HCD healed significantly faster than those covered with fine mesh gauze or silver sulfadiazine (p less than 0.001) and with less pain. The HCD and polyurethane film were equivalent. There were no clinical infections with the wounds that were occluded. The exudate collected beneath the DuoDerm and Op-site on donor sites was added to the tissue culture system and resulted in a modest increase in keratinocyte proliferation. However, the exudate from burn wounds under HCD resulted in a marked increase in cell proliferation (p less than 0.001).