羟基磷灰石─—胶原复合材料动物实验的钙磷元素定量分析和扫描电镜研究

本实验将羟基磷灰石—胶原复合材料和单纯羟基磷灰石植入10只成年狗颌骨缺损内，通过对钙、磷元素的定量分析和扫描电镜观察，研究胶原粘结剂的加入对羟基磷灰石生物特性的影响及该复合材料的成骨特性。结果表明，胶原粘结剂的加入不影响羟基磷灰石良好的成骨作用，且对新骨生长有一定的促进作用。复合材料固泣成型作用良好，与新骨形成完全的骨整合。     

口腔颌面外科的发展见证中国改革开放30年——2008年西雅图会议的启示

改革开放为中国的口腔颌面外科发展带来了无限生机,学术机构日益完善,学术队伍不断壮大,国际交流不断加强,但也面临着许多新的挑战.为了走出目前的困境,提出了一些有益的建设性意见和建议.     

Space conditions and prevalence of anterior spacing and crowding among nine-year-old schoolchildren

Abstract

Objective: To give detailed insight into the space conditions and prevalence of spacing and crowding in schoolchildren at nine years of age. The reliability and validity of screening methods was also assessed.

Design: Epidemiological survey.

Setting: South-western part of Germany (Rhein-Neckar-Kreis); elementary schools in a region with a low orthodontic care rate.

Sample and methods: 494 nine-year-old German schoolchildren (237 males, 257 females, median age 9 years) were examined orthodontically in cooperation with the local community dentistry service. A special measurement ruler was developed to enhance validity and reliability of space measurements on location in the schools.

Results and conclusions: Concerning space conditions in the incisor segments: in the maxilla the variety encountered comprised both space excess and moderate to severe crowding. This was considerably larger in the maxilla than in the mandible. Severe crowding (>5 mm) was found more often in the maxilla than in the mandible and affected around 2–3% of the maxillary dentitions. Also severe contact point displacements (IOTN Grade 4) were mainly restricted to the maxilla (prevalence approximately 3%).

In the canine–premolar segments, the arch segments in males were in general around 0.5 mm larger than among the females, also within each dental stage. In general, the maxilla was more often affected by posterior crowding than the mandible. Anterior crowding seemed to be more prevalent than posterior crowding. With respect to the screening methods used in the present study, reliable and valid measurements were also found to be possible in schools. This may open up further opportunities for orthodontic screening by community dentistry services or similar organizations.     

The effect of a preventive programme on dental plaque, gingivitis and caries in schoolchildren. Results after one and two years

Abstract The effect on plaque, gingivitis and dental caries of regularly repeated professional mechanical tooth cleaning combined with topical application of monofluoro-phosphate was tested in a group of 192 schoolchildren, 7–14 years of age, during a 2-year trial. They were divided into test and control groups. A baseline examination revealed that the test and control groups had a very similar oral hygiene status, degree of gingival inflammation and caries experience. Once every second week during the 2-year period the children of the test groups were given professional oral prophylaxis including careful tooth cleaning and topical application of 5 % sodium mono-fluorophosphate. Once every month, the children of the control groups brushed their teeth at school, under supervision, using a 0.2 % sodium fluoride solution. The results after 1 and 2 years of experiment indicate that the test group children had low Plaque Index scores (～ 0.3), only negligible signs of gingivitis (～ 0.25) and very low caries increment (0.1 new carious surface per year). The control group children had higher Plaque Index scores (～ 1.0), showed signs of gingivitis (～ 0.75), and developed on an average 3.1 new carious surfaces per year. It is suggested that the efficacy of public health programmes, based on professional tooth cleaning and topical fluoride administration, should be tested in larger groups of children and adults.     

拔牙畏惧的患者自控疗法研究

目的：用提高患者的自控能力来缓解患者拔牙时的就诊压力。方法：对第一次拔取第三磨牙的患者作牙科畏惧评定，筛选出患有牙科畏惧症的患者，拔牙术前给予三种不同的外科准备，评价患者对自控能力的信心和术中的行为反应，并将各组结果进行比较。结果：术前放松组减轻了患者的就诊压力，改善了术中的行为反应，而术前放松强化组又优于单纯的放松组。结论：患者的自信和自控是可操纵的，这种心理辅助疗法能减轻患者面对牙科就诊的压力。     

《上海口腔医学》2012—2016年载文分析

目的： 对《上海口腔医学》近5年发表的文献进行整理和分析，为期刊可持续发展提供参考。方法： 检索CNKI数据库，将《上海口腔医学》2012—2016年刊载文献的年、卷、期、作者、作者单位、基金、收稿日期、被引频次和下载频次逐条录入Excel表格，采用文献计量学方法对数据进行统计分析。结果： 《上海口腔医学》5年30期共载文789篇，第一作者共计702名，分布于29个省、自治区和直辖市，共计222家研究机构、重点实验室、医学高等院校及其附属医疗单位。排名前10的第一作者共发表论文37篇（4.69%），排名前10 的通信作者共发表论文88篇（11.15%）。789篇文献中，118篇（14.96%）获得国家级基金项目资助，339篇（42.97%）获得其他级别的基金项目支持。5年平均发表时滞282.44天（9.41个月）。总被引615篇，被引率77.95%；总被引频次2388次，总下载频次75866次。影响因子呈逐年上升趋势。结论： 《上海口腔医学》稿源充足，拥有固定的核心作者群和机构群，学科影响力强，社会知名度高。     

Current treatments and advances in pain and anxiety management

In light of preoperative and postoperative mortality and morbidity, continued advancement in pain and anxiety management would benefit millions. Although significant strides have been made in the past few decades, it is imperative that research and development continue. This article discusses types of pain and anxiety, the relationship between pain and anxiety, the physiology of pain and anxiety, and current trends in pain and anxiety management.     

The Effectiveness of Community Water Fluoridation in the United States

Grand Rapids, the first city in the world to implement controlled water fluoridation, has served as a model for thousands of other communities. Fluoridation is one of the greatest public health and disease-preventive measures of all time. Its advantages include effectiveness for all, ease of delivery, safety, equity, and low cost. Today, nearly 56 percent of the US population lives in fluoridated communities (62% of those on central water supplies). Previously observed caries reductions of one-half to two-thirds are no longer attainable in the United States because other fluoride methods and products have reduced the caries prevalence in all areas, thus diluting the measurement of effectiveness, and because benefits of fluoridation are dispersed in many ways to persons in nonfluoridated areas. Water fluoridation itself, however, remains as effective as it ever was among groups at high risk to dental caries. Contrary to early beliefs that stressed the importance of preeruptive fluoride exposure, fluoridation also provides an important source of topical fluoride and facilitates remineralization. Although data on effectiveness and safety are compelling, future progress of water fluoridation will be affected by economic, political, and public perception factors.     

口腔冲洗器治疗冠桥修复体龈炎的疗效分析

目的观察口腔冲洗器治疗冠桥修复体龈炎的疗效。方法用随机方法对67例冠桥修复体龈炎患者进行临床研究。治疗一组22例,常规刷牙加使用口腔冲洗器护理口腔,治疗二组23例,只使用口腔冲洗器作口腔护理,对照组22例,常规刷牙作口腔护理。1个月后复查疗效。结果冠桥修复体龈炎经口腔冲洗器治疗1个月后,牙龈指数、菌斑指数均有明显下降,治疗组与对照组疗效有显著性差异(P<0．05)。结论使用口腔冲洗器能控制冠桥修复体龈炎,有效改善牙龈健康。     

口腔门诊医患纠纷原因分析及防范

目的:找出并分析口腔门诊医疗纠纷发生的原因,制订防范措施,减少或杜绝医患纠纷的发生,提高医疗服务质量。方法:通过对我院2003年至2005年在医疗过程中发生的247例医患纠纷原因进行回顾性分析,对医患纠纷发生的时间、过程、当事人等因素进行分析,找出医患纠纷发生的原因,制定出相应的防范对策。结果:医疗纠纷发生的原因与许多因素有关,如与医疗行政管理,医疗服务质量和医务人员的职业道德,还与病人及其家属的文化素质等有关,但只要医务人员做到以病人为中心,时刻为病人着想,热情为每一位患者服务,现有的许多的医疗纠纷是可以避免的。结论:针对不同的医患纠纷采取有效的防范措施,杜绝了纠纷的发生。