血小板活化因子受体拮抗剂对实验性肾病综合征的疗 …

目的：探讨血小板活化因子受体拮抗剂对实验性肾病综合征的疗效机制。方法：实验大鼠均复制成阿霉素（ＡＤＲ）肾病模型,分为２组：ＡＤＲ肾病组和ＡＤＲ肾病＋血小板活化因子（ＰＡＦ）受体拮抗剂（ＢＮ５２０２１）组。结果：ＡＤＲ肾病＋ＢＮ４２０２１组大鼠各期尿蛋白量、血清总蛋白下了幅度、血清胆固醇上升幅度均显著低于ＡＤＲ肾病且（Ｐ〈０．０５）,第２１天时血清肌酐含量显著低于ＡＤＲ肾病组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,电镜下     

拮抗内皮素生物学效应对甘油所致大鼠急性肾功能衰竭的影响

目的和方法：在甘油致大鼠急性肾功能衰竭（ＡＲＦ）模型上,观察外源内皮素（ＥＴ）以及心房钠尿肽（ＡＮＰ）、硝苯吡碇（Ｎｉｆ）和ＮＯ前体Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）的作用。结果：甘油致大鼠ＡＲＦ后２４ｈ,肾功能明显受损,血清尿素氮（ＳＵＮ）,肌酐（Ｓｃｒ）,丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）,肾皮质钙含量及血浆内皮素（ＰＥＴ）水平均明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０００１）。外源性ＥＴ可加重ＡＲＦ大鼠肾损伤,使ＳＵＮ、Ｓｃｒ、ＭＤＡ、ＰＥＴ及肾皮质钙含量显著增加,而ＡＮＰ、Ｎｉｆ和Ｌ－Ａｒｇ则使ＡＲＦ大鼠ＳＵＮ、Ｓｃｒ、ＭＤＡ、ＰＥＴ及肾皮质钙含量明显降低,肾组织ｃＧＭＰ含量增加,减轻肾小管损伤。结论：ＥＴ对ＡＲＦ的发生发展具有重要意义,ＡＮＰ、Ｎｉｆ和Ｌ－Ａｒｇ可通过不同途径拮抗ＥＴ的生物学效应,从而对ＡＲＦ的防治起到积极的作用。     

实验性肾炎肾皮质TXA_2－PGI_2平衡失调与肾小球病理变化的关系

本文用阳离子化牛血清白蛋白制作大鼠原位性肾炎模型，观察血栓素Ａ＿２前列环素平衡的变化及与肾小球病理变化的关系。将模型动物随机分成２组，分别腹腔内注射Ｄａｚｏｘｉｂｅｎ、蒸馏水，共注射２周。结果显示，大鼠免疫２周后，肾皮质ＴＸＢ＿２升高，６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿１α降低，尿蛋白量增加。４周后上述改变加重伴血小板聚集强度增大。治疗组大鼠肾皮质ＴＸＢ＿２降低，６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿１α升高，ＴＸＢ＿２／６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿１α比值降低，血小板聚集强度减弱，肾小球足突融合部分缓解，ＧＢＭ中电子致密物有溶解吸收迹象。统计处理提示，尿蛋白与ＴＸＢ＿２呈正相关（ｒ＝０．７８４４），与６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿１α呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．７１６３）。表明原位性肾炎大鼠肾皮质存在着ＴＸＡ＿２－ＰＧＩ＿２平衡失调，肾小球病理变化与ＴＸＡ＿２－ＰＧＩ＿２平衡失调有关。     

大鼠肾组织血小板衍生的生长因子与肾炎发病的关系

用免疫细胞化学方法研究了大鼠肾毒血清肾炎（ｎｅｐｈｒｏｔｏｉｘｃｎｅｐｈｒｉｔｉｓ，ＮＩＮ）发病头７天肾组织中血小板衍生的生长因子（ｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔ－ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＰＤＧＦ）增生细胞核抗原（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｎｃｅｌｌｎｕｃｌｅａｒａｎｉｇｅｎ，ＰＣＮＡ）和单核／巨噬细胞的变化以及检测这些细胞之间及其与肾功能之间的相关性。结果表明，ＮＴＮ大鼠发病第１天，肾小球内未能检     

粗氨酸加压素对慢性肾衰大鼠心功能及其心肌细胞钠—钾—ATP酶…

用ＳＤ大鼠制作慢性肾衰（ＣＲＦ）动物模型，观察其乐与心肌精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）含量的变化；ＣＲＦ大鼠静脉分别注射ＡＶＰ及其抗血清，观察其对平均动脉压、左心室压峰值和心肌细胞钠－钾－ＡＴＰ酶（Ｎａ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶）活力的影响。结果表明，ＣＲＦ大鼠血浆及心肌ＡＶＰ含量与血肌酐水平同步增高；静脉注射ＡＶＰ标准品，可使心ａ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力明显降低，并加重心功能指标的异常变化，而给予ＡＶＰ抗     

硝苯吡啶对大鼠急性肾衰时肾功能及内源性内皮素释放的影响

目的和方法：在甘油致大鼠急性肾功能衰竭（ＡＲＦ）模型上，观察了硝苯吡啶对ＡＲＦ大鼠肾功能及内源性内皮素（ＥＴ）释放的影响。结果：ＡＲＦ大鼠肾皮质钙含量及血浆ＥＴ（ＰＥＴ）水平明显升高，肾功能严重受损，肾小管ＥＴ免疫反应阳性颗粒显著增多；而硝苯吡啶则使ＡＲＦ大鼠肾皮质钙含量及ＰＥＴ水平明显降低，肾小管ＥＴ免疫反应阳性颗粒明显减少，肾功能得到改善。结论：硝苯吡啶改善肾功能的作用可能与其抑制ＥＴ的合成与释放以及拮抗ＥＴ的生物学作用有关。     

5／6肾切除大鼠残肾血小板源生长因子—α表达及其意义的探讨

目的：研究慢性肾衰残余肾组织血小板源生长因子－α（ＰＤＧＦ－α）的表达状况及其机理和意义。方法：采用斑点杂交和形态计量等方法，对假手术对照大鼠、５／６肾切除大鼠、以及５／６肾切除术后给予维生素Ｅ治疗的大鼠肾组织ＰＤＧＦ－αｍＲＮＡ含量及其相关指标进行定量分析。结果：①５／６肾切除大鼠残存肾组织ＰＤＧＦ－αｍＲＮＡ含量显著增高；②５／６肾切除大鼠周围血单个核细胞内游离钙浓度显著增高，细胞内游离钙浓度与ＰＤＧＦ－αｍＲＮＡ含量成正相关；③５／６肾切除大鼠残肾组织有显著的固有细胞增殖、肾小球硬化和肾间质纤维化，肾组织羟脯氨酸含量显著增高，ＰＤＧＦ－αｍＲＮＡ含量与硬化肾小球比率、病变肾小管和肾间质体密度、肾组织羟脯氨酸含量成正相关；④给予维生素Ｅ治疗的大鼠，随着细胞内游离钙浓度和ＰＤＧＦ－αｍＲＮＡ含量降低，残肾硬化肾小球比率、病变肾小管和肾间质体密度、肾组织羟脯氨酸含量显著下降。结论：ＰＤＧＦ－α高表达可能是残存肾组织进行性纤维化的重要原因之一；维生素Ｅ治疗能降低ＰＤＧＦ－α表达，抑制残肾纤维化，减缓残肾毁损速度     

抗心律失常肽在大鼠肾内的分布

应用免疫组织化学ＰＡＰ技术，研究了抗心律失常肽（ＡＡＰ）在大鼠肾内的分布，结果表明：ＡＡＰ样细胞分布于皮质与髓质交界处近端小管、远端小管和集合小管壁，也分布于髓质深部集合小管壁，但皮质和髓质浅部未见到免疫反应细胞。肾内ＡＡＰ可能与肾小管和集合小管的分泌和重吸收功能有关。     

中华眼镜蛇蛇毒因子体外凝血的机理

在以往的实验中已经证明,ＣＶＦ（中华眼镜蛇蛇毒因子）在体内具有抗血小板凝聚的作用,但在体外实验中却发现它有使血小板聚集的作用。为了探讨ＣＶＦ体外引起血小板凝聚的机理,我们用放射免疫分析法测定了ＣＶＦ作用后的血小板内ｃＡＭＰ（环磷酸腺苷）的变化。结果表明,不同剂量ＣＶＦ均可使血小板内ｃＡＭＰ含量降低。其中生理盐水对照组血小板ｃＡＭＰ含量（ｐｍｏｌ／１０＾９血小板）为２５．２±６．８,ＣＶＦ低浓度组为     

急性脑梗塞患者血浆内皮素与血小板内钙含量和聚集关系的探讨

本文用放射免疫分析测定了１６例急性脑梗塞病人的血浆内皮素，用比浊法测定了血小板聚集，用Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ荧光技术测定了血小板内游离Ｃａ＾２＋含量。急性脑梗塞病人血浆内皮素明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１），血小板聚集率增设增高（Ｐ〈０．０１），血小板内Ｃａ２＾＋含量增高（Ｐ〈０．０１），且观察到ＡＤＰ诱导的血小板聚集与血小板内Ｃａ＾２＋含量之间呈正相关（ｒ＝０．７８，Ｐ〈０．０１），而血浆内皮素与血小反聚集     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Cerebellar noradrenergic systems in aging: studies in situ and in in oculo grafts

Age-related changes in noradrenergic function in the rat cerebellum were examined using electrophysiological and electrochemical techniques. Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats showed subsensitivity to norepinephrine (NE) locally applied onto cerebellar Purkinje neurons. The modulatory actions of NE on Purkinje cell-evoked activity was also examined. In young rats NE preferentially inhibits spontaneous activity more than evoked excitations when compared to control. These modulatory actions of NE are not seen in senescent Fischer 344 rats. The intrinsic vs. extrinsic influences determining the loss of efficacy to NE were examined using three groups of rats with in oculo cerebellar grafts. The first group had young grafts grown in young hosts and these grafts showed a potent response to perfused NE. The second group, old grafts in old hosts, showed a diminished responsiveness to NE with respect to the first group. The third group consisted of young grafts in old hosts. These grafts demonstrated a responsiveness to NE that was indistinguishable from those in the first group. The integrity of the presynaptic NE fibers was examined in the grafts using electrochemical techniques. No difference in the release of NE was observed in the old grafts. Taken together, these results suggest a loss of postsynaptic NE function that is intrinsically determined. The change in NE modulation could influence information processing within the aged cerebellar cortex. This deficit could underlie behavioral changes seen in senescence.