自体髂软骨及松质骨移植在牙槽突裂同期行鼻畸形整复术中的应用

目的　探索牙槽突裂与鼻畸形同期整复的新方法。方法　对 4 2例牙槽突裂患者采用自体髂骨及松质骨充填牙槽裂隙 ,髂嵴软骨片覆盖并充垫塌陷的梨状孔外缘及鼻侧区 ,同时利用鼻前庭黏膜软骨复合组织瓣V Y推进法整复鼻畸形。结果　 9～ 11岁患者牙槽突高度恢复平均为86 7% ,厚度恢复平均为 89 6 % ,牙槽突外形和功能为Ⅰ、Ⅱ级 ,尖牙在骨移植区萌出 ,梨状孔外缘鼻侧区低陷处高度恢复 ,鼻翼塌陷畸形恢复 ,鼻孔形态对称 ;12岁以上患者牙槽突高度恢复平均为70 1% ,厚度恢复平均为 71 7% ,牙槽突外形和功能为Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级 ;2例 18岁患者鼻背长轴、鼻端偏斜未能改善。结论　利用自体松质骨和软骨来修复牙槽突裂并同时进行鼻畸形整复 ,既能保证牙槽突高度、牙弓连续性的恢复 ,鼻畸形的改善 ,又能防止鼻背、鼻端长期畸形发展而造成难以矫正的偏斜 ,同时也能尽早消除因畸形给患者带来的心理障碍 ,是一种比较理想的整复方法     

鼻内镜下三层移植物鼻中隔穿孔修补术

目的探讨鼻内镜下应用三层移植物修补鼻中隔穿孔的疗效。方法2002年6月～2007年6月对15例鼻中隔穿孔应用阔筋膜包裹自体或异体的鼻中隔软骨板或筛骨垂直板形成的三层移植物修补,穿孔时间6月～5年,平均1.8年;穿孔直径0.8～1.6cm,平均1.2cm。在鼻内镜下刮除鼻中隔穿孔边缘黏膜上皮,造成新鲜创缘,用鼻中隔黏膜下矫正术的方法分离鼻中隔穿孔周围的黏软骨膜及骨膜,取合适大小的大腿阔筋膜,包绕自体或异体的鼻中隔软骨板或筛骨垂直板形成的三层移植物封闭穿孔,两侧鼻腔填塞膨胀海绵,注射碱性成纤维细胞生长因子让其膨胀,使穿孔缘黏膜与移植物完全贴合。结果术后6～10周鼻腔黏膜上皮完全覆盖移植物,鼻中隔穿孔愈合。15例随访6～12个月,平均8.2月,未发生再穿孔。结论鼻内镜下应用三层移植物修补鼻中隔穿孔是治疗中等程度以上鼻中隔穿孔的有效方法。     

陈旧性鼻骨骨折的治疗

目的：讨论陈旧性鼻骨骨折的诊疗方案。方法：对76例患者鼻骨骨折在2周左右及大于2周行鼻骨骨折手法复位或切开鼻骨成形术。结果：35例患者鼻部外观无塌陷无歪鼻畸形,鼻道通畅,鼻功能恢复良好,无并发症。结论：鼻骨骨折手法复位及鼻骨成形术治疗陈旧性鼻骨骨折效果满意。     

Use of Porous High-Density Polyethylene in Revision Rhinoplasty and in the Platyrrhine Nose

Nasal reconstruction presents a significant challenge to the facial plastic surgeon. Reestablishment of the desired aesthetic nasal contour and restoration of respiratory function are the dual goals of this endeavor. While autologous cartilage or bone is considered optimal grafting material, the supply is often limited and harvesting entails additional morbidity. Many synthetic materials have been introduced for use in nasal reconstruction, but high infection and extrusion rates have left most surgeons dissatisfied with conventional implants. Porous polyethylene (Medpor) implants were used for nasal reconstruction in 187 patients; 66 (35.3%) patients underwent primary rhinoplasty, while revision surgery was performed in 121 (64.7%) patients. Most patients required multiple implants, including columella struts, plumper grafts, dorsal tip implants, and nasal valve battens. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 months to 3.5 years. Complications occurred in five (2.6%) patients. Three early and two delayed infections necessitated implant removal in five patients, all of whom had compromised skin–soft tissue envelopes secondary to heavy smoking, cocaine abuse, or prior surgery. One case of an overly augmented nasal dorsum and tip required implant removal, reduction, and reinsertion. All implants were easily removed. No other complications including implant extrusion or skin erosion have been noted. Porous polyethylene (Medpor) implants allow for fibrovascular ingrowth, which lends stability to the implant. Porous polyethylene implants are well tolerated and provide an ideal material for nasal reconstruction.     

颌面外伤中应用鼻内镜处理上颌窦骨折的体会

目的：观察应用鼻内镜处理颌面外伤中上颌窦骨折的疗效。方法：对颌面外伤中85例合并上颌窦骨折病人在鼻内镜引导下进行复位治疗。结果：85例上颌窦骨折病人均一次准确复位，其中62例随访0．54年无并发症发生。结论：鼻内镜处理颌面外伤中上颌窦骨折复位准确，窦腔功能的恢复及颌面部畸形的矫正满意。     

鼻缺损修复术中衬里组织的修复

目的 探讨鼻缺损修复术中衬里组织的修复方法.方法 自2003年1月至2012年10月,根据鼻缺损的情况,对195例各类鼻缺损患者采用局部组织翻转皮瓣、外被皮瓣远端折叠、双瓣法、预制皮瓣等方法来修复衬里,并观察术后效果.结果 所有方法衬里皮瓣均成活良好.随访6个月至5年,局部组织翻转皮瓣法最大的并发症是皮瓣挛缩导致的鼻孔狭窄、通气不良,其他方法未见明显并发症.结论 在鼻缺损的衬里修复中,需要正确评估鼻部缺损范围、程度,以及周围可利用的残留组织量,选择合适的衬里修复方法,以获得良好的手术效果.     

鼻中隔软骨联合自体真皮组织在鼻综合整形术中的应用

目的探讨应用鼻中隔软骨行鼻尖塑形,并联合采用自体真皮组织隆鼻的临床疗效。方法本组36例求美者均采用鼻小柱开放式切口,应用自体鼻中隔软骨,根据需要做鼻小柱支撑物、鼻尖移植物或鼻中隔延伸移植物;于臀下皱襞处取真皮组织瓣,去除表皮及皮下脂肪,切开真皮,缝合成多层置于鼻背筋膜下,妥善固定。结果36例求美者术后无切口感染裂开及软骨外露,鼻外形自然饱满,鼻尖表现点明显,侧面观弧线圆润。术后随访3个月至2年,切口无明显瘢痕增生,鼻外形无显著变化,效果满意。结论鼻中隔软骨联合自体真皮组织移植是综合鼻整形中的有效方法,值得临床推广应用。     

Three-Dimensional M-Shaped Resection for Nasal Alar Hypertrophy in Asian Patients

Background Nasal alarplasty is an important component of esthetic rhinoplasty in Asians.The two main surgical techniques that correct alar hypertrophy by reducing the height or length often leave external scars and are associated with a high relapse rate.Methods We developed a new technique,called three-dimensional(3D)M-shaped resection,which corrects both the nasal alar height and length and simultaneously minimizes external scarring.We performed this procedure from January 2013 to September 2016 in 49 consecutive female patients diagnosed with saddle nose and nasal alar hypertrophy.Their mean age was 28.6(range,18–40)years.All patients had previously undergone simple rhinoplasty.Nasal alar length and height,nostril length and width,and maximal nose width were analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively from photographs.Results After a mean of 9(range,3–24)months of follow-up,surgery was considered successful in 46 women(94%)with good cosmetic effects.In three patients,nasal alar hypertrophy recurred(6 months postoperatively).There were no early complications such as hematomas,infections,skin or mucosal necrosis,or wound dehiscence.The mean reductions postoperatively were 1.7 mm and 0.9 mm for nasal alar length and height,respectively,1.6 mm for both nostril length and width,and 3.5 mm for nose width.Conclusion The 3D M-shaped resection for nasal alar hypertrophy effectively reduced hypertrophy in 94%of patients for up to 24 months,producing minimal external scars and good cosmetic effects.It is a simple and convenient technique that is an effective and safe option for nasal alarplasty.     

Randomised placebo-controlled trial on the effectiveness of nasal salmon calcitonin in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis

This is a double blind randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of nasal salmon calcitonin in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. The trial compared the outcome of salmon calcitonin nasal spray to placebo nasal spray in patients with MRI confirmed lumbar spinal stenosis. Lumbar spinal stenosis is one of the commonest conditions encountered by spine surgeons. It more frequently affects elderly patients and lumbar decompression has been used to treat the condition with variable success. Non operative measures have been investigated, but their success ranges from 15% to 43% in patients followed up for 1–5 years (Simotas in Clin Orthop 1(384):153–161, 2001). Salmon calcitonin injections have been investigated in previous trials and may have a treatment effect. Nasal salmon calcitonin has become available and if effective would have advantages over injections. Forty patients with symptoms of neurogenic claudication and MRI proven lumbar spinal stenosis were randomly assigned either nasal salmon calcitonin or placebo nasal spray to use for 4 weeks. This was followed by a ‘washout’ period of 6 weeks, and subsequent treatment with 6 weeks of nasal salmon calcitonin. Standard spine outcome measures including Oswestry disability index (ODI), low back outcome score, visual analogue score and shuttle walking test were administered at baseline, 4, 10 and 16 weeks. Twenty patients received nasal salmon calcitonin and twenty patients received placebo nasal spray. At 4 weeks post treatment there was no statistically significant difference in the outcome measures between the two groups. The change in ODI was a mean 1.3 points for the calcitonin group and 0.6 points for the placebo group (P = 0.51), the mean change in visual analogue score for leg pain was 10 mm in the calcitonin group and 0 mm in the placebo group (P = 0.51). There was no significant difference in walking distance between the two groups, with a mean improvement in walking distance of 21 m in the calcitonin group and 8 m in the placebo group (P = 0.78). At the end of the trial the ODI had improved by a mean of 3.7 points in the calcitonin group and 3.8 points in the placebo group (P = 0.44). This randomised placebo controlled trial has not shown any treatment effect in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis treated with nasal salmon calcitonin.     

鼻骨骨折复位术式比较与分析

目的：比较传统鼻骨骨折复位术与鼻内镜下鼻骨骨折复位术。方法：对448例鼻骨骨折患者分2组治疗,一组是传统的鼻骨骨折复位术,另一组是鼻内镜下鼻骨骨折复位术。结果：鼻内镜下鼻骨骨折复位术在术中及术后方面明显优于传统鼻骨骨折复位术。结论：鼻内镜下鼻骨骨折复位术具有麻醉效果好,定位准确,复位精确,鼻腔黏膜损伤小,术中术后出血少,术后恢复快等优点,可做为鼻骨骨折常规术式进行推广。     

单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的修复

目的 通过分析单侧唇裂鼻畸形成因、病理解剖改变,探索修复单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形有效可靠的方法.方法 57例单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形患者,采用颌骨裂隙植骨,鼻翼软骨两内侧脚间植入髂骨皮质骨片,依健侧鼻孔形态,选择鼻翼软骨截断部位和悬吊方式,重建鼻翼软骨肌肉环,术后用管状支撑物插入鼻孔保持3个月.结果 术后将鼻翼塌陷、鼻尖、鼻孔、鼻小柱与术前对比评价,满意率为93%（53例）.术后随访3～24个月,52例疗效稳定,5例出现轻度复发.结论 单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形成因复杂,通过颌骨、鼻翼软骨、鼻唇肌肉组织的综合矫治,可有效地改善畸形.并通过稳定牢固的悬吊和恢复肌力的平衡,增强疗效的稳定性,可有效地改善畸形.     

眶距增宽症鼻成形术

目的 总结59例眶距增宽症鼻成形术的临床经验,以期探讨眶距增宽症鼻畸形整复的方法。方法 鼻部整复术大多采用眶间鼻背部正中V形切口,部分采用矢状切口,面裂鼻尖缺失者,鼻背皮肤行V-Y成形术向下推进延长鼻梁,严重者全鼻下部向下推进,鼻背部骨膜下移修复,鼻腔衬里缺损,眶间鼻部鞭骨缩窄鼻宽度,鼻支架发育不全可植入自体骨填高鼻梁,鼻小柱短小者植入物修成L形,移植骨用螺钉或钢丝结扎固定。结果 本组病例鼻梁宽度平均缩窄2cm,鼻深增高0.6cm,鼻长度延长0.8cm,16例雨季期行鼻部瘢痕修整术,4例由于鼻梁低平二期再行植骨术,无植骨感染坏死、外露排出并发症,结论 眶距增宽症都有外鼻畸形,矫正眶距时可同期行鼻成形术,V-Y成形术可有效地延长鼻梁,鼻背部骨膜向下推移可修复鼻腔衬里缺损,采用肋骨填高鼻梁较为理想,部分病例需行二期手术。     

鼻尖突出不足合并鼻指数过大的鼻型特点及联合治疗

目的 应用人体测量学以比例关系描述特定鼻型,探讨鼻尖突出不足合并鼻指数过大的鼻型特点及治疗方法,为鼻整形定量研究提供思路.方法 2010年3月至2011年10月,测量27例鼻尖低平、鼻翼肥大的青年女性鼻形态并计算指数值.患者均行隆鼻、鼻尖抬高并前延、鼻翼缩小三项鼻整形术.结果 随访3～12个月,效果满意.术后鼻指数、鼻宽深指数、鼻尖突出度均在正常范围内,其中部分患者比例值达到美学范围.结论 外鼻形态测量比例值能较客观、准确地描述某种鼻型.我国汉族青年女性,鼻指数大于82.05％,鼻尖突出度小于37.50％,可归类为鼻尖突出不足合并鼻指数过大鼻型,此类鼻型应用三项手术综合治疗,协调各亚单位比例,可塑造和谐美观的鼻型.     

鼻内镜下鼻中隔成形术临床应用观察

目的探讨鼻内镜下鼻中隔成形术的优点.方法鼻内镜下行鼻中隔成形术50例,其中高位和后段偏曲6例.结果50例均一次完成手术,偏曲的鼻中隔均获得彻底矫正.手术时间30～72 min,平均48 min,偏进的鼻中隔获得彻底矫正,随访6～9个月,平均7.1月,治愈45例(90%),好转5例(10%).无鼻中隔血肿、脓肿、穿孔、鼻腔粘连、鼻梁塌陷等并发症发生.结论鼻内镜下鼻中隔成形术,手术时间短,术中出血少,疼痛轻,术后并发症少,可同期行鼻窦手术,完全可以取代传统的鼻中隔黏膜下切除术.     

The evaluation of nasal mupirocin to prevent Staphylococcus aureus burn wound colonization in routine clinical practice

BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus wound colonization frequently occurs in patients with burns and can cause impaired wound healing. Nasal mupirocin application may contribute to the reduction of burn wound colonization of endogenous origin, whereas colonization by the exogenous route can be reduced by blocking cross-infection from other sources. In this study we evaluated whether the implementation of routine treatment of patients and burn center personnel using nasal mupirocin ointment reduces S. aureus burn wound colonization.MethodsWe composed three study groups, consisting of a control period (Control), a mupirocin period (MUP), in which patients with burns were all receiving nasal mupirocin at admission, and a mupirocin + personnel period (MUP + P), in which we also screened the burn center personnel and decolonized S. aureus carriers by nasal mupirocin.ResultsThe patients who carried S. aureus in their nose and did not have S. aureus burn wound colonization at admission were considered as patients susceptible for the use of nasal mupirocin. In these patients, the S. aureus burn wound colonization rate was the same in all study groups. S. aureus nasal carriage was a significant independent risk factor for burn wound colonization (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.4–7.6) when analyzed within the three study groups.ConclusionAlthough S. aureus carriage is a significant risk factor for developing burn wound colonization, the routine use of nasal mupirocin did not contribute to a reduction of burn wound colonization.     

Controlling Nasal Length with Extended Spreader Grafts: A Reliable Technique in Primary Rhinoplasty

Background The short nose characterized by a reduced distance from the nasal radix to the tip represents a challenging deformity in facial plastic surgery. Several techniques have been described in the literature for augmentation of the short nose, but none emphasizes the surgical maneuvers necessary to preserve nasal length in primary rhinoplasty and to avoid the development of a short nose deformity. Methods The authors present a surgical technique for avoiding postoperative nasal shortness and for controlling nasal length in primary rhinoplasty. The procedure uses caudally extended bilateral spreader grafts, which prevent postoperative cephalic tip rotation and allow control of tip rotation. The grafts should be placed electively in noses that have the potential to become overshortened postoperatively. By doing so, surgeons can perform any of the common surgical maneuvers in rhinoplasty without risking short nose deformity. The study included 41 patients with a mean age of 27 years who were considered to be at high risk for the development of postoperative short nose deformity. All the patients were treated with bilateral extended spreader grafts via the open nasal approach. The follow-up period was up to 12 months, with regular evaluation of the surgical outcome comprising measurement of the nasal length and photographic analysis. Results All the patients showed preserved nasal length after surgery with well-proportioned facial features. There was no evidence of postoperative nasal shortening after 12 months of follow-up evaluation. No operative or postoperative complications were detected. All the patients were pleased with the surgical results achieved. Conclusion The use of extended spreader grafts during primary rhinoplasty for selected patients represents a valuable tool for preventing short nose deformity after primary rhinoplasty.     

鼻内镜联合显微镜经鼻腔蝶窦及中颅窝手术

目的探讨鼻内镜下经鼻腔直接入路行蝶窦及中颅窝手术的方法. 方法鼻内镜下经较宽大一侧鼻腔将中鼻甲向外推移,鼻腔扩张器扩大视野,直达并开放蝶窦前壁, 鼻内镜与显微镜联合切除病变. 结果 10例孤立性蝶窦炎术后症状消失.6例蝶窦囊肿、脑膜瘤均一次手术切除.32例垂体腺瘤17例全切除,12例次全切除,3例大部分切除,术后补充X刀治疗.48例术后随访6个月～3.5年,平均2.5年,蝶窦囊肿、蝶窦炎、脑膜瘤无复发,3例垂体腺瘤复发,无颅内感染并发症,无鼻腔粘连、鼻出血等鼻腔并发症. 结论鼻内镜联合显微镜经鼻腔蝶窦及中颅窝手术损伤小、出血少、手术时间短、效果好.     

Complications Associated With Isotretinoin Use After Rhinoplasty

Background This study aimed to evaluate the association between the postoperative use of isotretinoin and the formation of nasal tip deformities after rhinoplasty.Methods A retrospective study investigated a case series of patients who presented with nasal tip deformities subsequent to the use of isotretinoin after rhinoplasty. Patients who had taken isotretinoin after rhinoplasty were identified from a single surgeon’s case log. Clinic charts and operative reports were reviewed. Predisposing factors and time intervals to complications were identified.Results Three patients were found to have undergone isotretinoin therapy after rhinoplasty. Nasal tip deformities included bossa formation, asymmetry, and prominence of a composite graft. All three patients required subsequent procedures to repair soft tissue nasal tip deformities. In all three cases, isotretinoin was started within 2 years of the primary rhinoplasty. The nasal tip deformities were first observed within 6 months after isotretinoin was started.Conclusions Three cases are described in which postoperative use of isotretinoin was associated with nasal tip deformities after rhinoplasty. Further studies are needed to investigate this possible causative relationship and to describe the risks involved.     

鼻内镜下切除鼻窦低分化神经内分泌癌5例报告

目的探讨鼻内镜下切除鼻窦低分化神经内分泌癌（ poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, PNEC ）的疗效。方法2004年8月-2011年9月采用鼻内镜手术联合术后放化疗治疗鼻窦PNEC5例,术中根据肿瘤累及范围,开放相应的鼻窦,去除肿瘤及周围破坏的骨质。术中行颅底修补1例。结果手术时间40-180min,平均105min;术中出血量150—400ml,平均240ml。术后颅内感染1例,应用大剂量抗生素静点及椎管内注射后感染控制。5例随访4～34个月,平均20．8月,1例蝶窦肿瘤术后3个月侧颅底及颅内复发,术后4个月死亡,余4例无复发。结论鼻内镜下切除联合术后放化疗治疗鼻窦PNEC疗效确切。     

鼻内镜手术治疗真菌性鼻窦炎19例

目的探讨鼻内镜手术冶疗真菌性鼻窦炎的疗效。方法2000年1月～2003年12月对19例真菌性鼻窦炎在鼻内镜下清理中鼻道息肉或肉芽，切除钩突，扩大各窦口，清除窦内病变。术中3％H2O2反复冲洗窦腔。中隔偏曲致病侧中鼻道狭窄影响窦口引流，一期行鼻中隔矫正术。结果术后5例症状缓解，14例症状消失。19例随访6～48个月，平均14个月，17例未复发，2例复发，再次行Caldwell-Luc手术，无一例并发症发生。结论鼻内镜手术治疗非侵袭型真菌性鼻窦炎有较好的临床疗效，但对严重上颌窦真菌病仍不能替代Caldwell-Lues手术。