反义cDNA对放射线诱导食管癌细胞VEGF高表达的抑制作用

[目的]探讨反义VEGFcDNA对放射线诱导人食管癌细胞VEGF高表达的抑制作用,为食管癌放疗与反义VEGF联合治疗提供依据。[方法]阳离子脂质体作为载体,用反义VEGFcDNA质粒转染人食管癌细胞TE-1;四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法、原位杂交和流式细胞术检测转染后癌细胞;γ线照射转染、非转染食管癌细胞TE-1,采用免疫组化、ELISA与RT-PCR法分别观察反义VEGFcDNA对放射线诱导的食管癌细胞TE-1VEGF表达的作用。[结果]转染反义VEGFcDNA的食管癌细胞有外源性反义VEGFcDNA的整合及表达,癌细胞生长速率无明显减慢,凋亡现象并不明显。转染细胞较非转染的食管癌细胞TE-1相比,照射后细胞表达VEGFmRNA及蛋白的水平均明显降低。[结论]以抗VEGF表达为基础的抗血管生成治疗有可能成为食管癌放射治疗的有效辅助手段。反义VEGFcDNA对放射线诱导的人食管癌细胞VEGF高表达有明显抑制作用。     

激光共聚焦显微镜对反义VEGF寡核苷酸转染TE-1及SKOV3细胞系的荧光检测

[目的]应用激光共聚焦显微镜检测转染至食管癌TE-1细胞及卵巢癌SKOV3细胞内反义VEGF寡核苷酸上荧光物质含量及转染对细胞凋亡的影响。[方法]传代培养食管癌TE-1细胞及卵巢癌SKOV3细胞,取VEGF反义寡核苷酸,按0.1μmol/L组、0.3μmol/L组及0.5μmol/L组转染两种细胞,正义寡核苷酸0.3μmol/L同时转染作为对照。激光共聚焦显微镜观察VEGF寡核苷酸转染荧光图像,比较反义VEGF寡核苷酸的不同浓度在两种细胞摄入情况。流式细胞术检测不同浓度转染两组细胞的凋亡差异。[结果]食管癌TE-1细胞及卵巢癌SKOV3细胞不同浓度寡核苷酸转染24h荧光强度分别为32.69±2.94、51.48±5.76、56.62±1.2和72.56±2.01、96.42±3.21、98.54±2.07,两组荧光强度与对照组相比均有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,TE-1细胞及SKOV3细胞0.3μmol/L组及0.5μmol/L组之间荧光强度无显著性差异。TE-1细胞各浓度组凋亡指数较对照组有显著差异,而SKOV3细胞中凋亡指数较对照组无显著性差异。[结论]激光共聚焦显微成像技术能进行活细胞水平转染效率的定量检测,对选择合适转染浓度有帮助,提示不同癌细胞使用相同浓度抗血管生成药物可能效果有差异。     

VEGF反义RNA 抑制裸鼠体内食管癌细胞生长的实验研究

 目的 探讨VEGF反义RNA对食管癌细胞在裸鼠体内生长的影响。方法 观察转染VEGF反义RNA的食管癌细胞TE-1在裸鼠体内成瘤性；应用免疫组化法、RT—PCR法检测移植瘤组织中VEGF蛋白及mRNA表达和MVD；用流式细胞仪和透射电镜检测细胞凋亡情况。结果 转染VEGF反义RNA的TE-1细胞在裸鼠体内肿瘤形成的潜伏期明显延长，所形成肿瘤的重量和体积小于对照组及空载体组。肿瘤组织中VEGF蛋白和mRNA的表达降低，MVD降低；肿瘤细胞发生明显的凋亡形态学改变；G0／G1期细胞明显增多，S期细胞明显减少，细胞增殖能力降低。结论 VEGF反义RNA能抑制裸鼠体内TE-1细胞的生长，减少肿瘤内血管的生成，增加细胞凋亡；为食管癌的基因治疗提供了一定的实验依据。     

血管内皮生长因子反义RNA对裸鼠食管癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响意义

目的：研究血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）反义RNA对裸鼠食管癌移植瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法：将转染VEGF反义eDNA和空载体peDNA3．1的食管癌细胞株TE-1分别接种在裸鼠体内；应用免疫组化法、RT-PCR法检测移植瘤组织中VEGF蛋白和mRNA表达情况；流式细胞仪和透射电镜检测肿瘤细胞增殖及凋亡情况。结果：反义组肿瘤组织中VEGF蛋白和mRNA的表达降低，肿瘤细胞的细胞器发生扩张和肿胀、核染色质边集、凝集成块等凋亡形态学改变；Go／G，期细胞明显增多，S期细胞明显减少，细胞增殖指数降低；对照组和空载体组细胞凋亡较少。结论：VEGF反义RNA能抑制裸鼠食管癌细胞的增殖，诱导细胞凋亡，为食管癌基因治疗基础研究提供依据。     

mRNA干扰BMI-1对人食管癌细胞放射增敏作用研究

目的 研究BMI-1对食管癌TE-13细胞放射敏感性的影响及其机制。方法 以TE-13细胞为研究对象,分为转染有效BMI-1 mRNA干扰序列(siRNA)即BMI-1 siRNA组、转染阴性对照序列即NC组、未转染即control组。qRT-PCR和蛋白印迹法检测TE-13细胞中BMI-1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平;MTT法和克隆形成实验检测BMI-1对食管癌TE-13细胞增殖和放射敏感性影响;流式细胞术检测BMI-1对TE-13细胞周期、凋亡的影响;蛋白印迹法检测细胞中Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达水平。组间差异采用方差分析。结果 BMI-1 siRNA组BMI-1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著低于control、NC组(P=0.000、0.000)。照射后BMI-1 siRNA组肿瘤细胞的增殖水平、克隆形成能力均显著下降(P=0.031、0.000);照射后BMI-1 siRNA组G₂+M期细胞比例显著低于control、NC组(P=0.000、0.000),且凋亡率明显增加(P=0.000、0.000),同时Bcl-2的表达显著降低(P=0.000、0.000),而Bax表达明显增加(P=0.000、0.000)。结论 干扰siRNA抑制了食管癌TE-13细胞中BMI-1基因的表达,消除了G₂+M期阻滞,显著提高了电离辐射后细胞凋亡水平,增加了放射敏感性,该作用可能与Bcl-2和Bax基因表达有关。     

血管内皮生长因子反义核酸对宫颈癌Hela细胞的放射增敏作用

目的：血管内皮生长因子（Vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF）在人类多数实体肿瘤中均有表达，射线可诱导其表达增加，产生放射抗拒。本实验目的在于探讨血管内皮生长因子反义寡核苷酸干涉对高转移宫颈腺癌Hela细胞株的放射增敏作用。方法：实验组通过脂质体介导将VEGF基因反义寡核苷酸瞬时转染入Hela细胞，设VEGF正义寡核苷酸组和空白对照组作比较，各组均予6MV-X线照射，剂量为0Gy、2Gy、4Gy和6Gy，用RT-PCR检测照射前后Hela细胞中VEGFmRNA表达；用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡；平板克隆形成试验检测克隆形成率的变化。结果：与对照组比较，VEGF反义寡核苷酸不仅可抑制Hela细胞中内源性VEGFmRNA的表达（P〈0．01），亦可显著抑制辐射诱导的VEGF表达的增加（P〈0．01）；VEGF表达下调使射线诱导的细胞凋亡率明显升高（P〈0．01）．细胞克隆数量明显降低（P〈0．01）;结论：针对人VEGF基因反义寡核苷酸干涉可抑制射线诱导的VEGF的高表达，增强射线对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用。提高细胞的放射敏感性。     

c-raf-1反义寡核苷酸对人卵巢癌细胞受照后Ki-67表达的影响

[目的]探讨癌基因c-raf-1的反义寡核苷酸埘人卵巢癌细胞受照后Ki-67表达的影响。[方法]设立c-raf-1正义寡核苷酸组和非处理组（仅加入等量的脂质伴)作对照，用RT-PCR检测卵巢癌细胞处理前后c-raf-1表达水平的变化，用免疫组化技术检测人卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3在脂质体-c-raf-1反义寡核苷酸作用前后受^60Coγ射线照射后细胞Ki-67的表达情况。[结果]c-raf-1反义寡核苷酸能抑制c-raf-1癌基因的表达，经脂质体介导的c-raf-1反义寡核苷酸作用的卵巢癌细胞经γ射线照射后其Ki-67表达较转染正义寡核苷酸组及单纯照射组明显下调，而转染c-raf-1正义寡核苷酸组和单纯照射组相比无明显差异。[结论]c-raf-1反义寡核苷酸通过抑制c-raf-1的表达降低人卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3受照射后的增殖能力。该作刚可能与c-raf-1反义寡核苷酸抑制了引起肿瘤细胞辐射抗拒的细胞信号传导途径有关。     

VEGF反义RNA对人食管癌细胞抑制作用的研究

目的: 研究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)反义RNA对人食管癌细胞的抑制作用,探讨以VEGF反义RNA进行食管癌基因治疗的可行性.方法: 采用脂质体法将反义VEGFcDNA质粒转染入食管癌细胞TE-1;用MTT法检测细胞增殖情况;用免疫组化法检测VEGF蛋白表达;原位杂交和RT-PCR技术检测VEGFmRNA的表达.流式细胞术检测细胞的凋亡率和周期分布.结果: 被反义VEGFcDNA质粒转染的食管癌细胞有外源性VEGF反义基因的整合及表达,该细胞的VEGFmRNA及蛋白表达水平降低,但细胞生长速率无明显改变,未发生明显凋亡现象;接种裸鼠后,形成肿瘤的时间明显延长,肿瘤的体积和重量明显减小.结论: VEGF反义RNA可抑制食管癌细胞VEGF表达和裸鼠体内的肿瘤生长.该表达体系为食管癌基因治疗的进一步研究奠定了基础.     

食管癌细胞照射后细胞周期及相关蛋白表达的变化

目的：探讨食管癌细胞照射后细胞周期、细胞凋亡及其相关蛋白表达的变化。方法：食管癌细胞株TE-1和TE-13照射2、5、10、15Gy后，应用流武细胞仪分别检测照射后6、24和48h细胞周期和凋亡指数变化、Western blot检测细胞周期相关蛋白的表达。结果：2、5、10、15Gy照射0～48h，TE-1和TE-13细胞均出现明显剂量依赖性的G2／M期阻滞和解除变化；5～15Gy照射后48h，TE-13细胞在G2／M期阻滞逐渐解除时伴随着细胞凋亡的明显增加，而TE-1细胞凋亡不增加。2株细胞胞浆CHK2-p68磷酸化水平均呈随照射后时间延长而出现时相性变化，但与照射剂量无关；而CHK1、CHK2、CHK1-p345和CDK1蛋白表达均无明显变化。15Gy照射后24h，TE-13细胞胞浆中eyelin B1表达下降而TE1细胞中无明显变化。结论：病理不同分化的食管癌细胞照射后细胞周期、细胞凋亡以及细胞周期相关蛋白表达变化不尽相同。     

蜘蛛毒素对食管癌细胞株作用机制的初步研究

目的探讨雷氏大疣蛛毒素对人食管癌细胞株作用机制。方法采用不同浓度的雷氏大疣蛛毒素处理食管癌细胞株TE-1，经MTT法测定蜘蛛毒素对人食管癌细胞株TE-1增殖的影响，透射电镜观察细胞形态变化，流式细胞仪检测细胞增殖周期的分布，免疫组化法与ELISA法检测经蜘蛛毒素作用食管癌细胞株TE-1的VEGF表达情况。结果雷氏大疣蛛毒素能够抑制人食管癌细胞株TE-1的增殖，形态学观察到凋亡现象，流式细胞仪检测显示蜘蛛毒素作用后凋亡峰明显，出现G2／M期阻滞，对VEGF表达有抑制作用。结论雷氏大疣蛛毒素可抑制食管癌细胞株TE-1的增殖和VEGF表达，诱导凋亡，有可能是一种具有抗肿瘤作用的天然药物，其抗肿瘤作用的机制有待进一步研究。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.