Rheoencephalography and the study of the pulsation of the cervical vascular network in the diagnosis of goiter and neck and mediastinal tumors

The authors have applied rheography of the brain and sphygmography of the vessels of the neck and mediastinum for the diagnosis of compression of the neck vessels and organs in goiter and tumors of retrosternal and deep cervical localization. The methods allow to recognize stenosing of the vessels in early stages and facilitate the diagnosis of these conditions.     

Ocular immunopathological characteristics and the involvement of the platelet-aggregation factor and the anti-PAF at the level of the eye

This lecture tries to systematize the data about PAF (platelet activating factor) complex implications in the different ocular immune responses, and about the therapeutical results of PAF antagonists ?n experimental and clinical inflammatory conditions.     

Relation between the structure of the annulus fibrosus and the function and failure of the intervertebral disc

A simple model is presented that explains the observed function and failure of the intervertebral disc in compression, torsion, and bending; this model is based upon the observed arrangement of collagenous fibers in the annulus fibrosus. The fibers are considered to have the same mechanical properties as tendon; thus the stresses required to produce a given deformation and which irreversibly damage the fibers can be predicted. Predictions of the mechanical behavior of the disc are in good agreement with published results for compression and torsion; no comparable experiments have been performed for bending. It is further predicted that torsion and bending are likely to cause annular failure and protrusion. Failure is likely to occur posteriorly because of the effect of forward bending and because in the flattened and reentrant discs of the lumbar spine, torsional stress is concentrated at the points of maximum curvature. The structure of the disc tends to protect the collagenous fibers in forward bending and torsion. Compression is predicted to cause end-plate fracture rather than annular failure.     

Teamwork and the legal and ethical responsibility of the anaesthetist

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Anaesthetists are members of the operating team. Although the surgeons usually consider themselves to be the leaders of the team, all members, including the anaesthetist, have their own legal, ethical and professional responsibilities. RECENT FINDINGS: Good communication and sharing responsibility are characteristics of teamwork. Many factors can affect team functioning: training differences, social status, differences in responsibility, gender, age and culture, among others. An increasing number of individuals are involved in modern treatment due to limited working hours and increasing subspecialization, which complicates collaboration. Not all participants have the same perception of the team structure and its operation. Multidisciplinary, well designed training programmes are needed. SUMMARY: Anaesthetists have to be more aware of their position in the care team and pay more attention to their legal, ethical and professional responsibilities.     

假体周围骨吸收的机制及防治进展

关节置换术目前已经在临床广泛的应用,但是术后10年翻修率达到10%,其主要原因是假体松动。从影像学资料分析,松动假体的周围存在大量的骨质吸收,本文通过对近10年的相关文献的回顾,分析了假体周围骨质吸收的机制以及相应的预防治疗思路。     

调护脾胃法在风湿病治疗中的运用

风湿病具有涉及多学科、多系统、多脏器相交互的复杂性特点,临床上不仅明确诊断不易,治疗更是相当棘手。中医自古追求的“整体观念”“博采众方”理念,使得中医药在风湿病治疗中的优势凸显出来,尤其在调护脾胃方面。现从调护脾胃的角度出发,探讨风湿病的治疗。     

The choice of treatment according to the type and location of the fracture and the age of the child

Children injure themselves more today then they have in the past.Injuries that were sustained by older children are now occurring in younger children as a result of the new variety of sports ad equipment. In addition, children are traveling and running at higher speeds and the fractures sustained are becoming more complex. This requires a new "code of practice" to ensure children are correctly treated in every hospital. These new types of fractures are not always treated correctly; people tend to think of children as only small adults and that children's fractures always heal well. However, specific injuries to the growth plate and the joints as well as special fractures like the green stick and bowing (plastic deformation) fractures maybe assessed incorrectly in their healing behavior. In the following article, the basis of adequate fracture treatment will be explained. Factors that particularly influence the treatment include: age; weight; type of fracture, bone segment; available equipment; own experience; postoperative management; and cost effectiveness.     

国产与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液容量治疗疗效和安全性的对比研究

目的 与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液进行对比性研究,评价国产6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液的有效性及安全性.方法 患者随机分为研究组123例,对照组117例,术中输注研究药物或对照药物10 ml·kg-1·h-1,输注时间 2 h,期间观察患者生命体征,记录液体出入量与合并用药,比较术前和输注后血常规、血电解质、凝血功能、肝肾功能、尿常规指标变化;并记录术中不良事件发生与处理.结果 两组患者用药期间BP、HR、SpO2均能维持正常,BP和HR的变化率两组间差异无统计学意义.两组患者术中出入量、应用血管活性药物及应用血液制品人数与用量组间差异无统计学意义.输注后两组Hct、Hb下降幅度一致,血K+、Na+略低于应用前,血Cl-高于应用前,血糖有升高,PT、APTT时间延长,TT时间略缩短.肝功能ALT、AST超过正常值1.5倍的两组各有4例.肾功能BUN、Cr研究组有11例,对照组7例高于正常.结论 国产6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液用于全麻下非心脏外科手术患者术中容量治疗扩容效果安全可靠,与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液作用相似.     

The Central Role of the Nose in the Face and the Psyche: Review of the Nose and the Psyche

Background According to statistics released by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons in 2006, rhinoplasty is one of the most sought after aesthetic surgeries by ethnic patients and teenagers. It also is the most requested aesthetic operation by patients with body dysmorphic disorder. The psychosocial aspect of rhinoplasty is undeniable. Tagliacozzi in 1567 and Joseph more than a century ago were already aware of this aspect. Methods Using the terms “rhinoplasty,” “patients selection,” “psychological aspect,” and psychological outcome,” 30 studies were selected through searches of the MEDLINE, PUBMED, and EMBASE databases,. This review aimed to analyze how the most acknowledged experts of psychology, facial plastic surgery, and plastic surgery who have worked on the psychological outcome for rhinoplasty during the past century considered the nose–psyche relationship and the influence of rhinoplasty at the psychological level. Results The link between rhinoplasty, psychology, and social environment has been discussed by many important authors during the past century. All of them, independently of their field of study, have stressed that it is critical for surgeons to be aware of their responsibility regarding both the physical and emotional levels. There is evidence that an official preoperative interview is lacking. Conclusions To recognize the importance of rhinoplasty’s psychological implications, it is critical to make a good selection of patients seeking this operation and to have a good outcome. To this end, the preoperative interview is fundamental. Surgeons should be competent at both the psychological and surgical levels.