超选择性动脉溶栓与静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死临床疗效分析

目的探讨尿激酶超选择性动脉溶栓与静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的安全性和有效性。方法收集急性脑梗死患者55例,随机分为动脉溶栓组26例和静脉溶栓组29例,分别于溶栓前、后不同时间进行美国国立卫生院卒中评分,溶栓前、溶栓后6 h、24 h和3 d分别测定凝血活酶时间(TT)、凝血活酶原时间(PT)和纤维蛋白原(FIB),溶栓后30 d行疗效判定。结果动脉溶栓组平均NIHSS评分结果显著低于静脉溶栓组。静脉溶栓组溶栓后6 h、24 h及3 d TT和PT与动脉溶栓组相比明显延长(P<0.05),但FIB较动脉组下降明显(P<0.05)。两组总显效率分别为80.77%和68.97%。结论超选择性动脉溶栓与静脉溶栓均具有疗效好、见效快和并发症少等优点,但前者临床疗效优于后者。     

超选择性动脉溶栓和静脉溶栓治疗老年急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的观察超选择性动脉溶栓治疗颈内动脉系统老年急性脑梗死(acute ischemic infarction,ACI)的效果,评价发病3~6 h内动脉溶栓和发病3 h内静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析33例发病6 h内的老年急性脑梗死患者的临床资料,其中动脉溶栓组(发病3~6 h内)18例患者给予尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗,静脉溶栓组(发病3 h内)15例患者给予尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗。对比分析两组患者治疗前和治疗后3 h、24 h、14 d的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,治疗前及治疗后7 d和90 d的Barthel(BI)评分,并观察不良反应。结果两组患者治疗后3 h、24 h、14 d的NIHSS评分和治疗后7 d、90 d的BI指数评分均较治疗前改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组间比较各时间点NIHSS评分和BI评分及不良反应发生率无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论动脉溶栓治疗老年急性脑梗死的近期疗效和远期预后均与静脉溶栓治疗相当。     

超早期溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果及安全性

目的探讨超早期静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果及安全性。方法回顾性分析三峡大学人民医院神经外科2014年1月至2017年4月收治的260例急性脑梗死患者的临床资料。依据是否超早期溶栓分为2组:溶栓组和对照组,每组130例。溶栓组患者采用重组人组织型纤溶酶原激活物在4.5 h时间窗内进行超早期溶栓治疗;对照组患者采用常规的抗凝、降压等常规治疗。对比2组患者在治疗后不同时间点的美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、Barthel指数、远期预后及患者的凝血功能[活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)]。采用SPSS 16.0软件进行数据处理。依据数据类型,组间比较分别采用t检验或χ~2检验。结果治疗24 h后,溶栓组患者的APTT[(32.9±2.8)vs(30.1±3.0)s]、PT[(13.7±1.6)vs(12.8±1.5)s]、TT[(17.3±1.0)vs(16.1±1.3)s]均高于对照组(P0.05),溶栓组患者的FIB水平低于对照组[(2.6±0.4)vs(2.9±0.6)g/L,P0.05]。治疗前,溶栓组和对照组的NIHSS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后24 h、7 d、14 d、28 d后,溶栓组患者的NIHSS评分均显著低于同期对照组(P0.05)。治疗后1、3、6个月,溶栓组患者的Barthel指数均显著高于同期对照组(P0.05)。治疗6个月后,溶栓组患者预后良好率显著高于对照组(76.15%vs 64.62%,P0.05)。溶栓组治疗过程中出现1例牙龈出血,2例鼻出血,13例静脉输液部位皮下出血,余未见其他严重不良反发生。结论超早期静脉溶栓治疗可有效改善急性脑梗死患者的神经功能缺损症状,对远期康复具有重要意义。     

动脉溶栓术治疗后循环急性脑梗死的短期疗效及对预后的影响

目的探讨动脉溶栓术治疗后循环急性脑梗死的短期疗效及对病人预后的影响。方法选取2013年1月—2015年6月本院收治的110例后循环急性脑梗死病人进行回顾性分析,其中58例采用尿激酶进行责任血管的动脉溶栓治疗(动脉溶栓组),52例采用重组人组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)进行静脉溶栓治疗(静脉溶栓组),分别于溶栓治疗前及溶栓24h、7d、14d后对两组病人进行美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,比较两组病人溶栓治疗效果及预后情况。结果治疗前,两组NIHSS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后24h、7d、14d,两组NIHSS评分均呈显著降低趋势(P0.05),且动脉溶栓组NIHSS评分均低于静脉溶栓组(P0.05);溶栓24h后,动脉溶栓组病人的责任血管再通率为79.31%,显著高于静脉溶栓组的596.2%(P00.5);治疗12个月后,动脉溶栓组预后良好率为60.34%,显著高于静脉溶栓组的40.38%(P0.05)。结论动脉溶栓治疗后循环急性脑梗死的短期疗效及预后效果均优于静脉溶栓治疗。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗对神经功能和凝血功能的影响

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗对神经功能、凝血功能指标的影响。方法选取141例采用阿替普酶实施静脉溶栓治疗的患者为观察组,监测患者溶栓前、溶栓后2h、溶栓后4h的凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(activated partial thrombin time,APTT)、纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)、D-二聚体(D-dimer,D-D)及血栓弹力图指标;观察患者治疗前、治疗7天、治疗14天及治疗28天的神经功能缺损评分(national institutes of health stroke scale,NIHSS),选取30例健康对象作为对照组并进行比较。结果观察组患者在静脉溶栓2h、4h后血栓弹力图指标的R值、K值较溶栓前均显著提高(P0.05),Angle角、MA值在静脉溶栓2h、4h后较溶栓前均显著降低(P0.05);观察组R值、Angle角在静脉溶栓前、溶栓2h、溶栓4h后与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),观察组K值、MA值在静脉溶栓前、溶栓2h后与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者在静脉溶栓2h、4h后的PT、APTT较溶栓前均显著提高(P0.05),FIB、D-D在静脉溶栓2h、4h后较溶栓前均显著降低(P0.05);观察组PT、APTT在静脉溶栓前、溶栓4h后与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),观察组FIB值、D-D值在静脉溶栓前、溶栓2h后、溶栓4h后与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组在治疗7天、治疗14天、治疗28天后NIHSS评分均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05)。结论静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中对患者神经功能恢复具有显著效果,同时可改善患者的高凝状态。     

动脉溶栓与静脉溶栓对急性脑梗死疗效的探讨

目的观察动脉溶栓与静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死（ACI）的疗效和安全性。方法对56例ACI患者随机分为两组：动脉溶栓组28例脑梗死患者采用颈动脉穿刺推注尿激酶50～75万U溶栓治疗,静脉溶栓组28例脑梗死患者静脉滴注尿激酶100～150万U溶栓治疗。分别于溶栓前、后3h、24h、3d、14d行神经功能缺损评分及凝血酶原时间（PT）、部分凝血酶原时间（APPT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）。溶栓后24h复查头颅CT。结果动脉溶栓组溶栓后3h、24h、3dESS评分均明显高于静脉溶栓组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。动脉溶栓组总有效率为96％,致残率为4％。静脉溶栓组总有效率为89％,致残率为11％;两组14d时疗效间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但静脉溶栓组致残率明显高于动脉溶栓组（P〈0．05）。两组溶栓后3h、24h、3d时PT、APTT、FIB间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论动、静脉溶栓治疗ACI均有较好的疗效和安全性。动脉溶栓显著改善神经功能缺损症状,减轻残疾,早期疗效优于静脉溶栓组。     

动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床分析

目的分析动脉溶栓与静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法选取我院收治的急性脑梗死患者40例为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组,两组患者入院后均给予常规治疗,在此基础上,观察组给予尿激酶超选择性动脉溶栓治疗,对照组给予静脉溶栓治疗,对比分析两组患者的疗效。结果观察组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05);且治疗后观察组NIHSS(神经功能缺损评分)优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论尿激酶超选择性动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效显著,值得在临床上推广。     

不同时间窗重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂溶栓治疗椎-基底动脉系统脑梗死的临床疗效比较

目的比较不同时间窗重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)溶栓治疗椎-基底动脉系统脑梗死的临床疗效。方法选取2011年9月—2013年8月梅河口市中心医院收治的椎-基底动脉系统脑梗死患者86例,根据发病至治疗时间分为研究组(发病至治疗时间为4.5~8.0 h)和对照组(发病至治疗时间4.5 h),每组43例。两组均给予rt-PA溶栓治疗。比较两组患者溶栓前及溶栓后24 h、7 d、14 d、90 d美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,溶栓前及溶栓后14 d、90 d Bathel指数评分,并发症发生率、病死率、预后良好率。结果组间比较,两组患者溶栓前及溶栓后24 h、7 d、14 d、90 d NIHSS评分间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);组内比较,两组患者溶栓前及溶栓后24 h、7 d、14 d、90 d NIHSS评分间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。组间比较,两组患者溶栓前及溶栓后14 d Bathel指数评分间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),研究组患者溶栓后90 d Bathel指数评分低于对照组(P0.05);组内比较,两组患者溶栓前及溶栓后14 d、90 d Bathel指数评分间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者非症状出血发生率、病死率及预后良好率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论治疗时间窗为4.5~8.0 h的椎-基底动脉系统脑梗死患者rt-PA溶栓治疗效果与治疗时间窗4.5 h的患者相当,但治疗时间窗4.5 h的患者远期日常生活能力更优,因此治疗时间窗为4.5~8.0 h的椎-基底动脉系统脑梗死患者也应尽量选择rt-PA溶栓治疗。     

不同重组人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗时机对急性脑梗死伴心房颤动患者临床疗效及出血事件影响的对比研究

目的比较不同重组人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)治疗时机对急性脑梗死伴心房颤动患者临床疗效及出血事件的影响。方法选取湖北省荆门市第二人民医院2015年3月—2017年7月收治的急性脑梗死伴心房颤动患者107例,根据rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗时机不同分为A组57例和B组50例。在常规治疗基础上,A组患者于发病后3.0~4.5 h、B组患者于发病后3.0 h内行rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗。比较两组患者溶栓治疗前、溶栓治疗后24 h、溶栓治疗后7 d美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,溶栓治疗后24 h、7 d溶栓有效率,随访3个月两组患者预后;记录两组患者随访期间出血事件发生情况。结果两组患者溶栓治疗前和溶栓治疗后7 d NIHSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);B组患者溶栓治疗后24 h NIHSS评分低于A组(P0.05)。B组患者溶栓治疗后24 h、7 d溶栓有效率高于A组(P0.05)。随访3个月,两组患者预后比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者随访期间出血性梗死和症状性脑出血发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);B组患者随访期间脑实质出血发生率低于A组(P0.05)。结论发病后3 h内和发病后3.0~4.5 h行rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死伴心房颤动患者的预后相近,但发病后3 h内行rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗能更迅速地改善患者神经功能、提高溶栓有效率、减少脑实质出血发生风险。     

抗凝、静脉溶栓及动静脉联合溶栓在后循环缺血性卒中患者中应用效果的比较研究

目的比较抗凝、静脉溶栓及动静脉联合溶栓在后循环缺血性卒中患者中的应用效果。方法连续选取2012年1月—2014年1月于中国人民解放军第313医院就诊的急性后循环缺血性卒中患者100例,根据治疗方法分为抗凝组50例、静脉溶栓组36例及动静脉联合溶栓组14例。抗凝组患者给予低分子肝素钠,静脉溶栓组患者给予重组人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂,动静脉联合溶栓组患者给予动静脉联合溶栓。比较3组患者治疗后24 h、7 d、14 d有效率、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、治疗前及治疗后24 h、7 d、14 d血浆溶血磷脂酸水平。结果静脉溶栓组、动静脉联合溶栓组患者治疗后24 h、7 d、14 d有效率高于抗凝组(P0.05);而静脉溶栓组与动静脉联合溶栓组患者治疗后24 h、7 d、14 d有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。静脉溶栓组、动静脉联合溶栓组患者治疗后24 h、7 d、14 d NIHSS评分低于抗凝组,动静脉联合溶栓组治疗后24 h、7 d、14 d NIHSS评分低于静脉溶栓组(P0.05)。3组患者治疗前血浆溶血磷脂酸水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);静脉溶栓组、动静脉联合溶栓组患者治疗后24 h、7 d、14 d血浆溶血磷脂酸水平低于抗凝组(P0.05);而静脉溶栓组与动静脉联合溶栓组患者治疗后24 h、7 d、14 d血浆溶血磷脂酸水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于时间窗为3~12 h的后循环缺血性卒中患者,动静脉联合溶栓治疗效果最佳,其次为静脉溶栓与抗凝治疗,但动静脉联合溶栓出血风险增加。     

Coronary Thrombolysis

Myocardial infarction (MI) size is the major determinant of the function of the left ventricle and thus of the prognosis of the patient. Attempts to limit infarct size therefore constitute an important goal in modern coronary care. There is evidence that intravenous thrombolytic therapy can lyse coronary artery thrombi, restore antegrade coronary blood flow, preserve myocardial viability and function and improve survival. The time interval from onset of infarction, the extent of remaining ischemic myocardium and the rate at which myocardial necrosis is progressing are factors influencing the extent of myocardial salvage in reperfusion.     

Thrombolysis in children

Thrombosis in children may result in vascular occlusion and a potential loss of viability in skin, limbs or organs, or lead to the development of post thrombotic syndrome. Thrombolysis may prevent such complications, and the use of thrombolytics in children has increased in the last three decades. Despite this, optimum paediatric treatment regimens for these drugs remain uncertain, and accurate efficacy and safety profiles for thrombolytics are limited by the lack of controlled, prospective studies in well-defined patient populations. Restoration of vessel patency has often been achieved but the risk of intracranial and other major haemorrhage secondary to thrombolysis continues to be a significant concern for the clinician deciding on such treatment. This review summarises the use of thrombolytic treatment in children and describes outcome data and adverse events following treatment, as well as the limitations of published studies on paediatric thrombolysis.     

Ultrasound-enhanced Thrombolysis.

PURPOSE: To report a single-center clinical experience with ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis in the treatment of both arterial and venous thromboses. METHODS: From January 2005 to June 2006, 33 patients (23 men; age range 39-90 years) with 36 occlusions were treated using ultrasound-enhanced thrombolytic therapy for acute and chronic arterial and venous occlusions. After diagnostic angiography, the occlusions were crossed with an appropriately sized Lysus infusion catheter for infusion of urokinase (80,000-120,000 IU/h). RESULTS: Technical success and complete lysis was achieved in 96% of the arterial and 83% of the venous occlusions. Two patients with chronic occlusions (one superficial femoral artery and one iliac vein) were refractory to lytic therapy. Average time for complete lysis was 16.4 hours (range 3-25) for arterial occlusions and 21.2 hours (range 6-43) in patients with deep vein thrombosis. CONCLUSION: Successful clot lysis can be achieved with a high rate of success in a shorter time than conventional thrombolysis using ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis in both acute and chronic arterial and venous thromboses.     

Thrombolysis in stroke

The ability to use an effective treatment constitutes a main concern in the management of acute ischemic stroke. Randomized trials have so far failed to demonstrate any beneficial effect of neuroprotective agents on neurologic outcome after an acute stroke. Thrombolytic agents can achieve early recanalization of an occluded intracerebral artery. The benefit of their use in ischemic stroke has been assessed in several randomized trials involving more than 5,000 patients. Among them, a single randomized trial, the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke Trial, showed a beneficial effect of thrombolysis on outcome after an acute ischemic stroke with a significant increase in the number of patients with no or minimal disability at 3 months in the group receiving intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) compared with placebo. However, there was no reduction in mortality and there was, as in all other trials, a significant increase in the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).     

Thrombolysis and antiplatelet agents

Thrombolysis and antiplatelet agents     

Thrombolysis in elderly patients

The elderly population consists of those over age 75 years and appears to represent the fastest-growing segment of the population. Intravenous thrombolytic therapy (TT) is the most common strategy for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in many parts of the world. However, TT carries a higher risk of intra-cranial hemorrhage (ICH) in the elderly patients. Primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stenting (PCI) represents an important alternative in these elderly individuals with contraindications to TT. In developing countries, or in areas without availability of primary PCI, TT remains the only therapeutic modality. Dedicated randomized trials are needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of AMI management in the elderly group.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2007;4:250-253.)     

Thrombolysis: Bucarest registry

The end-point of this retrospective study was to evaluate the standard of care in terms of in-hospital morbidity and mortality for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated by thrombolysis within the first 12 hours from the start of the symptoms in five cardiology centers from Bucarest for a period of 5 years (2000-2004). This retrospective registry on a central database included 1814 patients (73.63% men, mean age 59.9 +/- 11.8 years), presented in an average time of 211.63 minutes from pain start. The most frequently used fibrinolitic was streptokinase (66.21%), administered most often in 30 minutes and for a subgroup in 20 minutes--accelerated regimen, with a good efficiency for the reperfusion of the culprit vessel evaluated non-invasively (clinical, electrical and biological methods). The global in-hospital mortality was 11.1%. The only predictors of in-hospital mortality were female gender and advanced age (>75 years) [p < 0.05]. The rate of haemorrhagic complications was not different from the one described by other clinical studies. The treatment by anticoagulants, antiaplatelets agents like aspirin, ACE inhibitors and statins were significant determinants of in-hospital survival. In the subgroup followed-up for 1 year (315 patients), the most frequent complication was the heart failure. In conclusion, in Bucarest, where availability of primary angioplasty in AMI was limited, thrombolysis with streptokinase was still very much used, with acceptable low in-hospital mortality and relatively high rate of artery reperfusion appreciated by non-invasive methods.     

CATS:卡托普利和溶栓试验

作　　者　 (a)KingmaJH ,vanGilstWH ,PeelsCH(b)KingmaJH ,VanGilstWH ,PeelsCH(c)vanGilstWH ,KingmaJH ,PeelsCH标　　题　 (a)急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗时血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂 (ACEI)的影响 :卡托普利和溶栓试验(b)首次前壁心肌梗死患者溶栓时用卡托普利进行急性干预 :来自卡托普利和溶栓试验 (CATS)的结果(c)心肌梗死后早期应用血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂使哪些病人获益 ?参考文献　 (a)JCardiovascPharmacol 1992 ,19Suppl 4 :S18～ 2 4(b)EurHeartJ 1994 ,15 :898～ 90 7(c)JAmCollCardiol 1996 ,2 8:114～ 12 1　…