农药暴露对女性生殖健康的影响

目的：研究不同程度农药暴露对女性生殖健康的影响。方法选择长期接触农药的育龄期女性319人为观察组,其中低暴露强度104人,中暴露强度112人,高暴露强度103人;以未长期接触农药的育龄期女性109人为对照组,通过问卷调查的方式搜集资料并进行数据之间的比较。结果不同强度的农药暴露对女性的月经功能、性功能状况、乳腺疾病、阴道炎、不良妊娠结局的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且与农药暴露的相关系数分别是0.257,0.113,0.127,0.125和0.119,其中长期农药暴露对月经功能和乳腺疾病影响显著（ P＜0.01）,但不同农药暴露对子宫疾病、孕期并发症影响较小（P＞0.05）。结论长期农药暴露对女性生殖系统健康有一定影响,其中对月经功能、性功能状况、阴道炎、乳腺病、不良妊娠结局等方面影响比较显著。应增强农药使用者的安全意识,促进女性农药使用者的生殖健康。     

女性医护人员生殖健康状况分析

目的 研究分析女性医护人员生殖健康状况及其影响因素.方法 采用横断面调查方法,于2016年1-11月对7 602名女性医护人员生殖健康状况进行调查.利用《女工生殖健康调查问卷》收集人口学信息、工作方式及生殖状况等数据,采用x2检验进行妇科疾病、月经异常、不孕、不良妊娠结局患病率等生殖健康指标的比较分析.结果 月经异常率...     

某市大棚作业女工月经功能异常的影响因素分析

[目的]探讨温室作业对女性月经功能的影响及其主要的影响因素。[方法]随机偶遇抽取寿光市从事蔬菜大棚种植者575名女工进行问卷调查,了解其生殖健康状况,并采用主成分改进的logistic回归分析寻找影响女性月经功能的主要影响因素。[结果]logistic回归分析显示,农药使用的相关指标占所有影响因素的绝大部分,属于最主要的影响因素,每年施药时间越长、农药配置越浓、亲自混匀农药均会增加生殖健康问题的发生率。而喷完农药第二天或间隔更长时间进入大棚、戴口罩会大大减少生殖健康问题。另外,年龄、文化程度、棚内工作时间、大棚种植年数(年)、大棚种植面积、收入等亦是月经异常的影响因素。[结论]女性蔬菜大棚种植者的月经功能受多种因素的综合影响,其中农药暴露、年龄和文化程度等是主要影响因素。     

温室作业女性人群农药暴露对妊娠结局的影响

目的了解温室作业女性人群长期农药暴露对妊娠结局的影响。方法随机抽取2010年3月—2014年12月在潍坊市妇幼保健院等3家单位妇产科生育住院的产妇为研究对象,其中在孕前及孕期累计且连续从事温室作业至少2年以上者449人为暴露组,不从事温室作业且不接触农药的同医院产妇152人为对照组。通过问卷调查和查阅资料等方式获得女性农药暴露情况、既往生育史、妊娠期疾患、妊娠结局等;并根据农药暴露强度将暴露组分为低、中、高暴露组,统计各组不良妊娠结局发生情况。结果调查人群的不良妊娠结局共166例,发生率为18.53%(166/896);其中年龄35岁者不良妊娠结局发生率为31.25%(45/144);有异常孕产史者不良妊娠结局发生率为47.83%(11/23),温室作业产妇的不良妊娠结局发生率为21.21%(140/660)。不同农药暴露量的产妇早产、自然流产、死胎及死产、出生缺陷发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),均随暴露量的增加而升高。结论温室作业女性人群长期农药暴露可能导致早产、流产、死胎及死产、出生缺陷等不良妊娠结局。     

有机磷农药对作业女工生殖机能影响的调查

为探讨有机磷农药对作业女工生殖机能的影响,采用职业流行病学方法对２６４例有机磷农药作业女工及１１６例非有机磷农药作业女工进行了生殖机能（月经异常、不良妊娠结局）调查。结果显示,接触组女工月经先兆症状如乳房胀痛、嗜睡、失眠、乏力、烦躁不安的发生率显著高于对照组,接触组女工月经异常率显著高于对照组,其中以月经量少最为显著,但与工龄无线性相关,并且接触组的不良妊娠结局显著高于对照组。提示有机磷农药对作业     

接触邻苯二甲酸酯对女工生殖系统的影响

目的探讨邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)暴露对女工生殖系统的影响及其影响因素分析。方法采用整群抽样法选取某地区在PAEs职业环境(塑料作业)中作业的女工300名作为接触组,另选非PAEs职业环境作业女工300名作为对照组。调查一般资料、生殖健康状况。结果接触组月经异常率、妊娠并发症发生率、不良妊娠结局、不良新生儿结局、生殖系统疾病发生率明显高于对照组(P0.05),且logistic回归分析显示,作业接触PAEs与月经异常密切相关(P0.05)。结论女工PAEs职业暴露可导致月经异常,与部分妊娠并发症、不良妊娠结局及生殖内分泌疾病有关。     

二硫化碳职业暴露对男工性功能及其配偶生殖结局的影响

[目的]探讨CS2职业暴露对男工性功能及其配偶生殖结局的影响,为制定干预对策提供科学依据。[方法]对276名CS2暴露男工（其中仅男工暴露132人为单纯组,男工及其妻子均暴露144人为混合组）和126名非CS2暴露男工的基本情况、性功能及其配偶生殖结局进行回顾性队列研究。[结果]性功能调查结果显示,年龄〈40岁或工龄≥10年的CS2暴露组男工性生活和谐及性生活频度降低,性生活厌恶增加（P〈0.05）;各组间男工妻子妊娠并发症差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。生殖结局调查结果表明,混合组的自然流产率与单纯组、对照组比较具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;混合组与对照组比较,子代低出生体重率较高（P〈0.05）,子代智力发育及体格发育差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。[结论]长期、低浓度CS2暴露可明显影响男工性生活态度、频率并可能导致不良的生殖结局,但对子代的智力及体格发育影响不明显。     

女职工工作时长与生殖健康关联性的分析

目的研究分析日工作时长对女职工生殖健康的影响。方法采用横断面调查方法,于2016年1—11月对33685名女职工的生殖健康状况进行调查。利用《女工生殖健康调查问卷》收集人口学特征、工作特征及生殖状况等数据,采用χ~2检验进行月经异常率、不孕率、不良妊娠结局发生率等生殖健康指标的比较分析。结果33685名女职工中,每日工作时长>8 h者占20.61%,其中学历、家庭收入越低者日工作时长>8 h比例越高,不同职业和年龄的女职工日工作时长>8 h的比例不同(P<0.05)。长期日工作时长>8 h的女职工月经异常率、子宫肌瘤和卵巢疾病的患病率及不孕率均高于日工作时长≤8 h的女职工(P<0.05)。长期日工作时间超长可增加孕妇自然流产、早产等不良妊娠结局的发生率(P<0.05)。结论长期超负荷工作可增加女职工月经异常、不孕和不良妊娠结局等健康风险。     

纺织噪声对女性生殖功能及子代发育影响的调查

为了解纺织噪声对女性生殖功能及子代发育的影响 ,选择纺织噪声作业工龄 >1a的女工 81 3人为观察对象 ,另选商场女营业员 1 6 0人为对照组。对两组女工的生殖功能 (月经、妊娠经过和妊娠结局 )及子代发育状况进行了对比分析。结果表明 ,在布机车间平均噪声强度超标的作业条件下 ,接噪组女工的月经异常率、痛经患病率及妊娠贫血、自然流产、妊娠高血压综合征的发病率均高于对照组 ,差异具有显著性 (P <0 0 1 ,P <0 0 5 )。接噪组的足月低体重儿、智力低下儿的发生率与对照组相比 ,差异有显著性。提示 ,纺织噪声对女性生殖功能及子代发育有一定的影响     

接触三硝基甲苯对女工月经状况及妊娠结局的影响

接触三硝基甲苯对女工月经状况及妊娠结局的影响浙江省长广煤矿公司职工医院（３１３１２１）陆德健本文通过对接触三硝基甲苯（ＴＮＴ）女工月经状况及妊娠结局影响的调查，以期为ＴＮＴ的女性生殖毒性研究提供人群资料，为保护ＴＮＴ作业女工及其后代的健康提供科学依据...     

南京地区计划怀孕前妇女生殖健康状况及影响因素调查

目的:了解女性生殖健康状况及其影响因素,为做好生殖保健工作提供依据。方法:对1 254例孕前妇女进行生殖保健相关知识及病史调查,同时进行生殖系统疾病检查。结果:南京地区计划怀孕前妇女避孕知识、性保健知识、优生优育知识得分较高;生殖器官疾病防治相关知识有待提高;不良孕产史发生率较高,为11.16%,年龄大、文化程度高、接触有毒有害因素及有家族遗传史是不良妊娠结局的危险因素,定期体检、计划妊娠是保护因素;生殖道感染(reproductive tract infec-tion,RTI)患病率为37.40%,年龄大、有RTI自觉症状、怀孕次数多、丈夫有其他性伴为危险因素;文化程度高和卫生习惯好为保护因素。结论:加强孕前妇女健康教育,普及生殖卫生知识,纠正城市女性卫生防护的误区;定期体检、计划妊娠、强化心理保健,预防生殖道感染,可提高妇女生殖健康水平。     

Occupational and environmental exposure correlates of adverse live-birth outcomes among 1032 US Navy women

The integration of women into non-traditional military occupations raises questions concerning the impact of such jobs on women's reproductive health. This study examines the extent to which US Navy women in their reproductive years report exposures to potential occupational and environmental hazards, and the degree to which such exposures are associated with self-reported adverse live-birth outcomes. Data from a survey of pregnant Navy women provided both maternal and paternal exposure information on more than 1000 active-duty women. Self-reported exposures to heavy metals, pesticides, petroleum products, and other chemicals were associated with adverse live-birth outcomes at the bivariate level. Only a father's exposure to pesticides at work predicted an adverse live-birth outcome (preterm delivery) in multivariate models. Maternal occupational exposures may exert their influence through maternal health and/or pregnancy complications and may act as mediators of health-reproductive outcome relationships.     

Pesticide exposure and women's health

BACKGROUND: Research on pesticide-related health effects has been mostly focused in industrialized countries and in men. This paper discusses critical issues related to women's pesticide exposure and its effects on women's health. METHODS: The literature on pesticides was reviewed with emphasis on data related to women. Attention was focused on research suggesting different conditions of exposure or different response to pesticides by sex. Studies on cancer and reproductive effects were used as illustrative examples. RESULTS: Women are increasingly exposed to pesticides in developing countries, where women's poisoning and other pesticide-related injuries seem to be greatly underestimated. Many of the effects of pesticides in human health will be the same for men and women, but not always. Some organochlorine pesticides have been related to breast cancer in post-menopausal women. However, knowledge about other pesticides is much more limited. Epidemiological studies assessing maternal exposure to individual pesticides and abortion, fetal death, or congenital defects are not conclusive, although some suggestive associations have been observed. CONCLUSIONS: Gender-sensitive research is needed to properly address the study of women's pesticide exposures and related adverse outcomes. A better understanding of potential gender-environment and sex-environment interactions related to pesticide exposure and health effects in women is needed.     

In utero pesticide exposure and childhood morbidity

In humans, immune development begins early in embryonic life and continues throughout the early postnatal period. Although a number of pesticides have been observed to induce developmental immunotoxicity in mice, few human studies have examined the long term effects of in utero pesticide exposure on childhood morbidity. Empirical evidence suggests that the vulnerable period for toxic insults to the developing immune system extends from early gestation to adolescence in humans and animals. Using data from the Ontario Farm Family Health Study, we examined the relationship between farm couple exposures to pesticides during pregnancy and subsequent health outcomes in their offspring, including: persistent cough or bronchitis, asthma, and allergies or hayfever. No strong associations between pesticide exposures during pregnancy and persistent cough or bronchitis, or asthma were found. There was suggestive evidence that allergies and hayfever appeared to be more common in offspring, especially male offspring, exposed to certain specific pesticides during the period of pregnancy. Nevertheless, given the indirect indicators of pesticide exposure used in this study, and the scarcity of human studies on in utero exposure to pesticides and the development of allergies and other child health outcomes, these findings serve primarily to generate hypotheses for future research.     

职业暴露甲萘威对女性生殖内分泌的影响

分别选择某农药厂甲萘威生产女工67名为暴露组、厂行政办公区女性工作人员47名为对照组。对环境空气中甲萘威及其相关气体如异氰酸甲酯(MIC)、氨气及总酚进行持续3d的监测,同时选择暴露区及对照区各3人进行个体采样和皮肤污染量测定;运用回顾性队列研究的方法对其月经和妊娠结局进行评价。测定其血清中的卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、孕酮(P)、催乳素(PRL)和雌二醇(E2)水平。结果显示暴露组空气中甲萘威、总酚浓度明显高于对照组(P<0.01),个体采样及皮肤污染量结果均显示暴露组甲萘威浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.01);暴露组自然流产发生率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。提示甲萘威农药生产职业暴露可能对女工的妊娠结局有一定的影响。     

Pesticide exposure, safety issues, and risk assessment indicators

Pesticides are widely used in agricultural production to prevent or control pests, diseases, weeds, and other plant pathogens in an effort to reduce or eliminate yield losses and maintain high product quality. Although pesticides are developed through very strict regulation processes to function with reasonable certainty and minimal impact on human health and the environment, serious concerns have been raised about health risks resulting from occupational exposure and from residues in food and drinking water. Occupational exposure to pesticides often occurs in the case of agricultural workers in open fields and greenhouses, workers in the pesticide industry, and exterminators of house pests. Exposure of the general population to pesticides occurs primarily through eating food and drinking water contaminated with pesticide residues, whereas substantial exposure can also occur in or around the home. Regarding the adverse effects on the environment (water, soil and air contamination from leaching, runoff, and spray drift, as well as the detrimental effects on wildlife, fish, plants, and other non-target organisms), many of these effects depend on the toxicity of the pesticide, the measures taken during its application, the dosage applied, the adsorption on soil colloids, the weather conditions prevailing after application, and how long the pesticide persists in the environment. Therefore, the risk assessment of the impact of pesticides either on human health or on the environment is not an easy and particularly accurate process because of differences in the periods and levels of exposure, the types of pesticides used (regarding toxicity and persistence), and the environmental characteristics of the areas where pesticides are usually applied. Also, the number of the criteria used and the method of their implementation to assess the adverse effects of pesticides on human health could affect risk assessment and would possibly affect the characterization of the already approved pesticides and the approval of the new compounds in the near future. Thus, new tools or techniques with greater reliability than those already existing are needed to predict the potential hazards of pesticides and thus contribute to reduction of the adverse effects on human health and the environment. On the other hand, the implementation of alternative cropping systems that are less dependent on pesticides, the development of new pesticides with novel modes of action and improved safety profiles, and the improvement of the already used pesticide formulations towards safer formulations (e.g., microcapsule suspensions) could reduce the adverse effects of farming and particularly the toxic effects of pesticides. In addition, the use of appropriate and well-maintained spraying equipment along with taking all precautions that are required in all stages of pesticide handling could minimize human exposure to pesticides and their potential adverse effects on the environment.     

Neurological symptoms among Sri Lankan farmers occupationally exposed to acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides

BACKGROUND: In many agricultural districts in Sri Lanka, pesticide poisoning is a leading cause of death. This study aims to evaluate the impact of pesticide use on Sri Lankan farmers' health. METHODS: A total of 260 subjects were surveyed in both a low and a high exposure period. Acetylcholinesterase activity was measured and data on symptoms were collected with questionnaires. RESULTS: Twenty-four percent of surveyed farmers had suffered at least once from acute pesticide poisoning. Farmers showed significantly more inhibition of cholinesterase activity than controls. Acute symptoms indicative for exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides were associated with farming and a higher degree of cholinesterase suppression (more than 13% inhibition). Integrated Pest Management (IPM) training seemed to result in less insecticide use, and less cholinesterase inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that occupational acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting insecticide exposures have a negative impact on Sri Lankan farmers' health. Overall reduction in pesticide use seems the best option to protect farmers from the adverse effects of pesticides.     

常用农药的环境暴露与不良妊娠结局的逐步回归分析

为了探讨农药污染对胎儿发育的影响,我们调查一个农村确定人群从1985年元月1日至1987年12月31日期间出现的7652孕次的妊娠结局和孕产妇家中14种农药的使用情况,用逐步回归方法统计分析与各种不良妊娠结局有关的农药及其它因素。结果提示:叶蝉散、杀虫脒、DDT及666的孕期暴露,与多种不良妊娠结局有联系,孕期家中使用保棉丰、除草醚和杀虫双与自然流产和早产有联系,使用马拉硫磷和乐果与低出生体重有联系。同时,还提出了某些不良结局的危险因子。