光动力疗法联合支架置人姑息性治疗癌性腔道梗阻——附26例报告

目的 观察光动力疗法联合支架置入姑息性治疗恶性腔道梗阻的疗效及其并发症.方法 26例腔道梗阻,失去手术机会或拒绝手术的中晚期癌症患者,包括15例食管癌、5例支气管癌,6例胆总管癌,行光动力疗法加支架置入姑息性解除腔道梗阻治疗.术后跟踪随访半年,观察疗效、并发症、KPS,定期内镜检查腔道通畅状况.结果 26例患者,术后腔道梗阻明显缓解,仅1例食管患者发生支架移位,1例胆总管癌患者发生再次梗阻,KPS评分从平均31.0分提高至42.4分,并发症经相应处理后均症状消失.结论 光动力疗法联合支架置入姑息性治疗能有效缓解癌性腔道梗阻症状,并发症少,能明显改善腔道梗阻患者的生存质量.     

光动力疗法联合支架置入姑息性治疗癌性腔道梗阻——附26例报告

目的观察光动力疗法联合支架置入姑息性治疗恶性腔道梗阻的疗效及其并发症。方法26例腔道梗阻,失去手术机会或拒绝手术的中晚期癌症患者,包括15例食管癌、5例支气管癌,6例胆总管癌,行光动力疗法加支架置入姑息性解除腔道梗阻治疗。术后跟踪随访半年,观察疗效、并发症、KPS,定期内镜检查腔道通畅状况。结果26例患者,术后腔道梗阻明显缓解,仅1例食管癌患者发生支架移位,1例胆总管癌患者发生再次梗阻,KPS评分从平均31．0分提高至42．4分,并发症经相应处理后均症状消失。结论光动力疗法联合支架置入姑息性治疗能有效缓解癌性腔道梗阻症状,并发症少,能明显改善腔道梗阻患者的生存质量。     

强脉冲光在皮肤美容中的临床应用

利用强脉冲光（intense pulsed light，IPL）的高强度宽带光特性，该技术已被广泛应用于皮肤美容，对于多毛、光损伤性病变、色素性病变和血管性疾病疗效佳。治疗中的参数方案设定应个体化，综合考虑患者情况灵活改变，以提高疗效，预防并发症。本文主要介绍其作用机制及临床应用。     

强脉冲光治疗面部毛细血管扩张症临床分析

目的 探讨强脉冲光治疗面部毛细血管扩张症的效果.方法 采用强脉冲光治疗仪对106例面部毛细血管扩张症的患者进行治疗,一般4-6次一疗程,每次间隔时间3-4周.结果 治疗总有效率为100%,无明显不良反应.结论 强脉冲光治疗面部毛细血管扩张症见效快、疗效好、操作便捷、治疗后无严重并发症,是一种安全有效的治疗方法,值得临床推广应用.     

微脉冲810 nm半导体激光治疗眼病

激光光凝对眼底病的疗效早已为临床所证实,并成为治疗眼底病的重要方法;氩激光小梁成形术亦取得明显疗效.但传统的光凝都是超阈值光凝,光凝在视网膜卜会产牛即刻可见的光凝反应斑.随着大宗病例的积累和观察时问的延长,传统光凝的不足己凸显出来:激光在治疗眼病的同时,对正常的组织产生的损害,不同程度影响靶组织的功能,从而产生一系列并发症.这一问题已越来越受到人们的关注.     

经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗绝对期青光眼的疗效观察

目的:探讨经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗绝对期青光眼的临床疗效和安全性。方法:2016年1月至2017年1月绝对期青光眼患者25例27只眼,施行经巩膜睫状体光凝术。术后随访6个月,观察术前及术后患者的眼压、疼痛感、视力、并发症等情况。结果:绝对期青光眼患者25例27只眼,末次随访时平均眼压(15.32±2.45)mm Hg,与术前平均眼压(45.15±2.55)mm Hg比较,差异具有显著统计学意义(P0.05)。术后随访期间所有患者眼疼眼痛症状均有所缓解。术后4只眼视力恢复为光感和手动,另21只眼视力仍无光感。术后并发症包括前房积血5只眼(18.5%),玻璃体积血2只眼(7.4%),药物治疗后消失。结论:经巩膜睫状体光凝术对绝对期青光眼有安全有效的治疗作用,能显著降低眼压,减少患者痛苦,且并发症少。     

半导体激光光凝虹膜及前房角血管联合复合式小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的 探讨半导体激光光凝虹膜及前房角新生血管联合复合式小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效.方法 对28例28只眼新生血管性青光眼先用半导体激光光凝虹膜表面及前房角新生血管,次日行复合式小梁切除术,观察降眼压效果及其手术并发症.结果 28例虹膜新生血管激光光凝后眼压未降低,维持激光光凝前水平.术后1周眼压(12.72±2.47)mmHg,较术前眼压(42.18±6.46)mmHg明显降低(t=13.21,P＜0.01).随诊12个月,眼压为(17.15±2.11)mmHg,控制良好.术后1年功能性滤过泡24只眼,占85.7%.无浅前房、滤过泡渗漏和感染等并发症发生.结论 半导体激光光凝虹膜及前房角新生血管联合复合式小梁切除术为治疗新生血管性青光眼的一种有效治疗方法.     

开放性腹部损伤的诊治分析(附110例)

目的探讨急诊处理开放性腹部损伤的原则与救治生存率、并发症发生率的关系。方法110例开放性腹部损伤病人的临床资料分析。结果急诊时,采用腹壁伤道探查、诊断性腹腔穿刺、腹部X光透视及术中运用“系统、完整、仔细、勿躁、忌快”的剖腹探查原则,可减少多脏器损伤的漏诊及并发症。本组治愈率95％,并发症4．6％。结论通过上述措施,可提高开放性腹部损伤的救治生存率和减少并发症。     

视网膜分支静脉阻塞氩离子激光治疗分析

为探讨激光治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞的最佳时间，５５例５８只眼以发病３个月为界限，分别进行了早期、晚期氩激光光凝治疗。随访６个月～２年，对早、晚期两组光凝治疗后出血吸收的速度、新生血管及其引起玻璃体出血的发生率、黄斑水肿的改善以及视力改善等，进行了比较。结果表明，早期光凝治疗，对促进出血吸收、缩短病程、减少并发症和改善预后是有效的     

改良全视网膜光凝方法治疗重度非增殖期糖尿病性视网膜病变患者疗效观察

目的探讨改良全视网膜光凝方法治疗重度非增殖期糖尿病性视网膜病变(NPDR)患者的临床疗效。方法选取上海中医药大学附属普陀医院自2015年5月至2018年8月收治的65例重度NPDR患者为研究对象。根据治疗方式不同将其分为常规组(n=33)与研究组(n=32)。常规组患者采用全视网膜光凝方法治疗,研究组患者采用改良全视网膜光凝方法治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效、血清指标及并发症的发生情况。结果研究组患者的临床总有效率为96.9%(31/32),显著高于常规组的75.8%(25/33),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组患者的血清指标均较常规组有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者并发症的发生率低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良全视网膜光凝方法对重度NPDR患者疗效更为显著,不仅可以有效抑制新生血管,还可以降低术后并发症的发生率。     

航天员常见症状的用药与体位性低血压的关系

目的对航天员在航天飞行中与航天飞行后常见症状的用药与体位性低血压的关系进行综述。资料来源与选择该领域公开发表的相关研究论文、综述、报告汇编（包括美国国家航空航天局网站上的公开文献）和著作。资料引用引用公开发表的报刊文献32篇,报告汇编5篇,和著作12部。资料综合航天员在航天飞行中与航天飞行后最常出现的症状分别为头晕、呕吐（航天运动病）、头痛、背部疼痛、失眠和晕厥,对于这些症状的西药治疗有时会对心血管系统产生不良影响。止吐药异丙嗪伴有抑制去甲肾上腺素、肾素、醛固酮分泌的作用;安眠药替马西泮具有松弛骨骼肌张力的作用;升压药氟氢可的松具有抑制去甲肾上腺素分泌的作用。这些药物都会引起血管收缩下降,水钠储留减少,回心血量降低从而造成体位性低血压。结论航天员常见症状的西药疗法常会引起体位性低血压。中国可以运用中药针灸和少量的西药复合疗法来防治航天员的常见症状,从而减少西药对人体的不良作用。     

Ecografía de la patología infecciosa y tumoral del intestino y el peritoneo

Ultrasonography is not the most cited imaging technique for the evaluation of infectious and neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the peritoneum, but it is often the initial technique used in the initial workup for nonspecific clinical syndromes. Despite its limitations, ultrasonography's strengths enable it to provide meaningful diagnostic information.To discuss the most important ultrasonographic, clinical, and epidemiological findings for infectious disease, we follow a topographical approach: stomach (Anisakis), proximal small bowel (Giardia lamblia, Strongyloides stercoralis, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex, and Cryptosporidium), distal small bowel (Yersinia, Salmonella, and Campylobacter), terminal ileum and cecum (tuberculosis), right colon (Entamoeba histolytica), left colon (Shigella), sigmoid colon and rectum, pancolitis (Clostridium difficile, Cytomegalovirus, and Escherichia coli), and peritoneum.To discuss the ultrasonographic and clinical findings of the most common neoplastic diseases, we follow a nosological approach: polyploid lesions as precursors of tumors, carcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors, hematological tumors, mesenchymal tumors, and metastases. We briefly discuss tumors of the peritoneum and the use of ultrasonography to guide percutaneous biopsy procedures.     

Assessment of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (transient left ventricular apical ballooning) using99mTc-tetrofosmin,123I-BMIPP,123I-MIBG and99mTc-PYP myocardial SPECT

We compared Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (transient left ventricular apical ballooning) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using two-dimensional echocardiography, 99mTc-tetrofosmin, 99mTc-PYP, 123I-BMIPP and 123I-MIBG myocardial SPECT. METHODS: We examined 7 patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and 7 with AMI at the time of emergency admission (acute phase), and 2-14 days (subacute phase), one month (chronic phase), and 3 months (chronic II phase) after the attack. The left ventricle was divided into nine regions on echocardiograms and SPECT images, and the degree of abnormalities in each region was scored according to five grades from normal (0) to severely abnormal (4). RESULTS: Coronary angiography showed the absence of stenotic regions in patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and severely stenotic and/or occlusive lesions in patients with AMI. The total ST segment elevation on electrocardiograms (mm) was 7.8 +/- 3.7 in those with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and 7.3 +/- 3.9 in patients with AMI. Abnormal wall motion scores on echocardiograms were 14.2 +/- 4.6, 4.7 +/- 4.0, 1.7 +/- 2.0 and 0.5 +/- 0.4 during the acute, subacute, chronic and chronic II phases, respectively, in patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and 14.0 +/- 4.3, 11.4 +/- 3.9, 8.8 +/- 3.6 and 5.2 +/- 4.8 in those with AMI. Abnormal myocardial perfusion scores on 99mTc-tetrofosmin images were 11.8 +/- 3.5, 3.2 +/- 3.0, 0.5 +/- 1.2 and 0.2 +/- 0.4 during the acute, subacute, chronic and chronic II phases, in patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and 16.2 +/- 4.3, 13.9 +/- 4.6, 7.9 +/- 4.6 and 5.0 +/- 4.5, respectively, in those with AMI. Abnormal myocardial fatty acid scores on 123I-BMIPP images were 12.6 +/- 3.7, 6.8 +/- 3.2 and 0.4 +/- 0.6 during the subacute, chronic and chronic II phases, respectively, in patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and 16.5 +/- 5.1, 14.7 +/- 4.8 and 7.5 +/- 4.5 in those with AMI. Abnormal myocardial sympathetic nerve function scores on 123I-MIBG images were 14.8 +/- 4.0, 8.8 +/- 4.0 and 0.4 +/- 0.6 during the subacute, chronic, chronic II phases, respectively, in patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and 18.6 +/- 6.5, 16.8 +/- 6.8 and 12.9 +/- 5.2 in those with AMI. Myocardial 99mTc-PYP uptake was abnormal not only in patients with AMI but also in those with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy during the acute phase. CONCLUSIONS: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy might represent a stunned myocardium caused by a disturbance of the coronary microcirculation.     

多种损伤因子与重型颅脑损伤凝血功能障碍的相关性研究

目的 探讨内毒素（LPS）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、磷脂酶A2（PLA2）、血小板活化因子（PAF）与重型颅脑损伤凝血功能障碍的相关性.方法 收集我院急诊科符合重型颅脑损伤诊断标准的患者65例作为观察组,急诊抢救的同时检测其血小板计数（PLT）、部分活化凝血酶原时间（APTT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、血浆D-二聚体（D-D）、LPS、IL-6、PLA2、PAF;以同期健康体检者43例作为对照组,对两组检测结果进行统计学分析.结果 两组比较,观察组PLT减少（t=3.892,P＜0.01）,APTT、PT、D-D、LPS、IL-6、PLA2、PAF均升高（t=3.971、3.904、6.532、4.028、4.115、4.274、5.037,P＜0.01）;观察组PLT与LPS、IL-6、PLA2、PAF之间相关系数（r）均≤-0.9319,呈显著负相关;APTT、PT、D-D与LPS、IL-6、PLA2、PAF之间r值均≥0.9091,呈显著正相关.结论 LPS、IL-6、PLA2、PAF参与了重型颅脑损伤凝血功能障碍的发生过程,对LPS、IL-6、PLA2、PAF进行早期干预,可减轻患者凝血功能障碍.     

基于代谢组学对微波辐射后猕猴尿液代谢产物的筛选研究

目的探讨微波辐射对猕猴尿液中代谢产物的影响,为寻找敏感指标和揭示其损伤机制奠定基础。方法健康雄性猕猴15只,随机分为单次辐射效应组,下设对照组、5 mW/cm2和11 mW/cm2微波辐射组,累积辐射效应组,下设对照组和4.68μW/cm2微波累积辐射组,于辐射后1 d、7 d和30 d收集猕猴尿液样本,采用代谢组学方法检测猕猴尿液中代谢产物的改变。结果根据微波辐射后猕猴尿液NMR谱图和PCA/PLS-DA结果,将各组尿液成分进行分析。5 mW/cm2单次辐射后7 d猕猴尿液中马尿酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸浓度降低;乳酸、甘氨酸、乙酸、丙酸、肌酐和糖浓度升高;11 mW/cm2单次辐射后猕猴尿液中马尿酸浓度在30 d内以降低为主;乳酸、柠檬酸、DMA、琥珀酸和甘氨酸浓度在7 d时升高,30 d基本恢复正常;2-酮戊二酸浓度在辐射后7 d时增加,30 d时又见减少。4.68μW/cm2微波累积辐射组辐射后7 d猕猴尿液中肌酸、肌酐、牛磺酸和苯丙氨酸浓度升高;氧化三甲胺（TMAO）、乙醇、乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸浓度降低。结论 5 mW/cm2和11 mW/cm2微波单次和4.68μW/cm2微波累积30 d辐射均可引起猕猴尿液中代谢产物异常,其功能主要涉及神经递质和线粒体功能。     

Role of ultrasound in the assessment of benignity and malignancy of parotid masses

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the value of ultrasound in the identification of benign and malignant parotid masses. Methods: Data of 189 patients with parotid gland masses undergoing ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA), core biopsy or surgery were reviewed retrospectively and the presumed sonographic diagnoses were compared with the histopathology. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of sonographic diagnoses were assessed and the sonographic characteristics of those lesions, including shape, margin, echogenicity, echotexture and vascularization, were studied. Results: Of the 189 patients, the final pathological diagnosis included 18 malignant tumours and 171 benign masses; the presumed sonographic diagnoses showed 165 cases as benign and probably benign masses (11 cases were confirmed malignant, 154 cases benign) and 24 cases were diagnosed as probably malignant and malignant masses (7 cases were confirmed malignant, 17 cases benign). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of ultrasound for the diagnosis of parotid gland masses were 38.9%, 90.1%, 29.2%, 93.3% and 85.2%, respectively, and accuracy for malignant masses was 20%. The sonographic characteristics of parotid masses between benign and malignant lesions had no significant differences. The parotid gland masses in this study included pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumour, retention cyst, haemangiomas, chronic granuloma, lymphoma, fibrolipoma, abscess, basal cell adenoma, oncocytoma, lymphatic tuberculosis, myoepithelioma, neurilemmoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma and retinal blastoma (metastasis). CONCLUSIONS: It is challenging to use sonography for differentiating between benign and malignant parotid gland masses. To make a definite diagnosis, ultrasound-guided FNA or core biopsy is advocated.     

Safety and Efficacy of Percutaneous Lumbar Discectomy and Percutaneous Disc Cementoplasty for Painful Lumbar Disc Herniation in Patients over 60 Years

PurposeTo determine the safety and efficacy of percutaneous lumbar discectomy (PLD) and percutaneous disc cementoplasty (PDCP) for painful lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in patients >60 years of age.Materials and MethodsSixteen older patients (mean age, 71.00 ± 6.24 years) with painful LDH were treated with PLD and PDCP. The outcome data (the Macnab criteria, visual analog scale score, and Oswestry disability index) were collected preoperatively; at 1 week postoperatively; at posttreatment months 1, 3, and 6; and every 6 months thereafter. In addition, treatment duration, injection volume of bone cement, length of hospital stay, and complications were assessed.ResultsTreatment was successful in all patients. The pain relief rate at the last follow-up was 87.5%. Six, 8, and 2 patients showed excellent, good, and fair results, respectively; no patient showed a poor result. The average visual analog scale for back and leg pain decreased from 6.75 ± 1.06 and 7.00 ± 0.89 before the procedure to 2.81 ± 1.60 and 2.87 ± 1.75 at 1 month, 2.79 ± 1.58 and 2.71 ± 1.64 at 6 months, and 2.90 ± 1.73 and 3.00 ± 1.76 at 1 year, respectively. The scores were 2.44 ± 1.63 and 2.44 ± 1.71, respectively, at the last follow-up. The Oswestry disability index also changed after the procedure, with significant differences between baseline scores and those at each follow-up (P < .001). The mean procedure duration, injection volume of bone cement, and length of hospital stay were 55.69 ± 5.86 minutes, 2.50 ± 0.63 mL, and 7.06 ± 2.41 days, respectively. There were no complications.ConclusionsThe combination of PLD and PDCP is feasible, safe, and effective for older patients with painful LDH.     

Detection of granularity in dermoscopy images of malignant melanoma using color and texture features

Granularity, also called peppering and multiple blue-grey dots, is defined as an accumulation of tiny, blue-grey granules in dermoscopy images. Granularity is most closely associated with a diagnosis of malignant melanoma. This study analyzes areas of granularity with color and texture measures to discriminate granularity in melanoma from similar areas in non-melanoma skin lesions.The granular areas in dermoscopy images of 74 melanomas and 14 melanomas in situ were identified and manually selected. For 200 non-melanoma dermoscopy images, those areas which most closely resembled granularity in color and texture were similarly selected. Ten texture and twenty-two color measures were studied. The texture measures consisted of the average and range of energy, inertia, correlation, inverse difference, and entropy. The color measures consisted of absolute and relative RGB averages, absolute and relative RGB chromaticity averages, absolute and relative G/B averages, CIE X, Y, Z, X/Y, X/Z and Y/Z averages, R variance, and luminance. These measures were calculated for each granular area of the melanomas and the comparable areas in the non-melanoma images.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the best separation of melanoma images from non-melanoma images by granular area features was obtained with a combination of color and texture measures. Comparison of ROC results showed greater separation of melanoma from benign lesions using relative color than using absolute color. Statistical analysis showed that the four most significant measures of granularity in melanoma are two color measures and two texture measures averaged over the spots: relative blue, relative green, texture correlation, and texture energy range. The best feature set, utilizing texture and relative color measures, achieved an accuracy of 96.4% based on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.     

Lower limb EMG activation during reduced gravity running on an incline. Speed matters more than hills irrespective of indicated bodyweight

BackgroundProgressive loading of the lower limb muscles during running on a positive pressure or reduced gravity (Alter-G™) treadmill is suggested as a rehabilitation strategy after muscle and tendon injury but the influence of running up or downhill and at higher speeds is not known, nor are the interaction effects of speed, inclination, and indicated bodyweight.Research questionWhat are the lower limb EMG activation levels and cadence when running up and downhill in normal and reduced gravity?Methods10 recreationally active male athletes ran on a positive-pressure Alter-G™ treadmill at: 3 indicated bodyweights (60 %, 80 %, and 100 %); 5 speeds (12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 km/h); for incline, decline, and flat conditions (-15 %, -10 %, -5%, 0%, 5%, 10 %, and 15 %); while monitoring the surface EMG of 11 leg muscles as well as cadence (strides per minute).Results and significanceLinear mixed models showed significant effect of running speed, inclination, and indicated bodyweight, with interaction effects observed. Increasing running speed was associated with the largest change in activity, with smaller effects for increasing bodyweight and inclination. Downhill running was associated with reduced activity in all muscle groups, and more tightly clustered activity patterns independent of speed. Substantial variation in sEMG activity occurred in the flat and uphill conditions. Subject responses were quite variable for sEMG, less so for cadence. For the conditions examined, increasing running speed induced the largest changes in EMG of all muscles examined with smaller changes seen for manipulations of inclination and bodyweight.     

常规MRI及DCE-MRI在卵巢肿瘤及肿瘤样病变诊断中的应用

目的:提高常规MRI及DCE-MRI在卵巢肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的诊断准确率。方法:回顾性分析44例我院收治并经手术病理证实为卵巢肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的常规MRI及DCE-MRI影像表现。平扫参考指标:病灶大小(最大径)、形状(规则/不规则)、有无包膜、囊壁/分隔厚度、实性成分比例、T2WI信号、ADC值、盆腔积液;DCE-MRI参考Ktrans、Kep以及Ve值。结果:MRI平扫显示良、恶性肿瘤的病灶大小、形状、实性成分比例、囊壁/分隔厚度、T2WI信号混杂程度、盆腔积液量及ADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);上述7项中ADC值参考价值最大,ADC取1.09×10^-3)mm^2/s为良恶性肿瘤阈值,小于阈值,考虑恶性。DEC-MRI良性肿瘤实性部分Ktrans、Kep以及Ve值显著低于恶性肿瘤,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ktrans值参考价值最大,Ktrans值取0.091/min为良恶性肿瘤阈值,大于阈值,考虑恶性。分别以ADC值及Ktrans值敏感度、特异性、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值代表MRI平扫及DCE-MRI各项指标,得出常规MRI敏感度85.7%、特异性91.3%、准确度88.6%、阳性预测值90.0%、阴性预测值87.5%;DCE-MRI上述各项指标为72.7%、81.8%、77.3%、80.0%、75.0%;常规MRI联合DCE-MRI检查敏感度95.2%,特异性100.0%,准确度97.7%,阳性预测值100.0%,阴性预测值95.8%。结论:常规MRI联合DCE-MRI用于卵巢肿瘤及肿瘤样疾病诊断及鉴别诊断能够提高诊断准确率。