妊娠合并乳腺巨大恶性分叶状肿瘤2例报告及文献复习

目的:探讨乳腺恶性分叶状肿瘤的临床特点、治疗方法和预后。方法:回顾性分析2例妊娠合并乳腺巨大恶性分叶状肿瘤的诊治过程,并复习相关文献。结果:第1例患者经手术切除后局部复发,再次手术切除、局部放疗后随访至今,未见肿瘤复发转移;第2例患者,手术后短期内局部复发,再次手术后迅速出现双肺、胸膜转移,化疗疗效不显著,患者最终死亡。结论:乳腺恶性分叶状肿瘤的异质性显著,其诊治方法仍需要不断探索。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤局部复发的临床风险因素分析

目的分析乳腺叶状肿瘤局部复发的临床风险因素。方法使用SPSSCox比例风险模型分析2002年12月至2008年12月中国医科大学附属第一医院66例乳腺叶状肿瘤患者各种临床风险因素与局部复发的关系。单因素分析采用X2检验。结果本组患者的发病年龄为17—83岁（中位年龄41岁）,良性40例,交界性24例,恶性2例。局部复发15例,其中12例复发发生于区段切除术。在不同手术方式、不同组织学等级的叶状肿瘤患者之间,复发率的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。手术方式为保护因素（RR=0．151）,扩大切除术和乳房切除术者的复发风险较区段切除术者下降至66／1000和53／1000;组织学等级为危险因素（RR=5．803）,恶性和交界性叶状肿瘤患者的局部复发风险分别为良性肿瘤者的12．26倍和4．37倍。结论恶性程度高和手术方式选择不当影响预后。叶状肿瘤以手术治疗为首选,应选择切除范围扩大的手术方式,尤其是对恶性程度高的患者。     

乳腺分叶状肿瘤临床特点与复发危险因素

目的探讨乳腺分叶状肿瘤的临床特点、诊治方法和局部复发的危险因素。方法选取1990年1月至2016年7月间柳州市工人医院收治的48例乳腺分叶状肿瘤患者的临床病理和随访资料作回顾性分析,采用卡方检验分析各临床病理因素、手术方式与局部复发的关系,采用Logrank检验分析上述因素对无病生存率的影响。结果所有患者术后病理诊断结果中,良性乳腺分叶状肿瘤29例,交界性乳腺分叶状肿瘤11例,恶性乳腺分叶状肿瘤8例,无一例发现腋窝淋巴结转移。39例随访患者,1年、3年和5年无病生存率分别为83.8%、69.4%和66.1%,5年总生存率为93.0%。局部复发者10例,其中6例患者为肿块切除术后局部复发。患者是否采用肿块切除术与局部复发关系比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.01)。结论外科手术是乳腺分叶状肿瘤的主要治疗方法,术式选择不当与局部复发有关,对乳腺分叶状肿瘤应选择局部广泛切除、乳房切除或乳房重建术,不宜采用肿块切除术,不必常规行腋淋巴结清扫术。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤17例诊疗分析

目的:探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的治疗原则和影响预后因素。方法:对经手术和病理诊断确诊的17例乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:17例患者中良性叶状肿瘤9例,交界性叶状肿瘤5例,恶性3例。行局部肿块切除7例,单纯乳房切除术6例,改良根治术3例,姑息性肿块切除术1例。其中随访13例,平均随访时间21(5~84)个月,1例行乳腺癌改良根治术后2.5年死于远处转移,2例行局部肿块切除术后复发。结论:乳腺叶状肿瘤的预后与手术方式有关,良性和交界性应首选扩大区段切除术,切除肿瘤边缘不少于2cm;复发的交界性和恶性应尽早行单纯乳房切除术。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤93例临床病理分析

目的探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床病理特征。方法回顾性分析93例乳腺叶状肿瘤患者临床病理资料。结果93例患者中,肿瘤性质良性63例,交界性24例,恶性6例,平均年龄39岁,其中I〉40岁者47例,为发病率最高的年龄组,各年龄组均表现为良性叶状肿瘤发病率高,其次为交界性叶状肿瘤,恶性叶状肿瘤发病率最低。病理形态示肿瘤由良性上皮和富于细胞的间质组成,上皮成分包括腺上皮和肌上皮,不同分化程度的间质细胞增生。随访71例,6例恶性患者5例生存,未发现肿瘤复发或转移,定期复查,1例于术后1年死亡（为28岁患者,全身多脏器转移）;23例交界性肿瘤患者及42例良性肿瘤患者均生存并未见复发。结论乳腺叶状肿瘤好发于40岁以上妇女,良性叶状肿瘤最常见,叶状肿瘤由上皮和增生的间质两种成分构成,应注意与纤维腺瘤等其他乳腺肿瘤鉴别,选择扩大1cm的局部广泛切除方法可以减少复发。     

乳腺复发性叶状肿瘤临床病理分析

目的:探讨乳腺复发性叶状肿瘤临床及病理特征。方法:收集2011年01月至2019年12月在我院进行手术治疗的叶状肿瘤病例,并找出其中复发的病例,分析复发病例的临床及病理组织学特征。结果:叶状肿瘤137例,共有10例为复发病例,其中9例为单次复发,1例复发两次,复发病例中良性叶状肿瘤7例,交界性叶状肿瘤2例,恶性叶状肿瘤1例。所有的肿物均为局部复发,良性、交界及恶性叶状肿瘤复发率分别为5.9%、15.4%、20%。其中3例（30%）出现组织学升级,1例良性叶状肿瘤复发为交界性叶状肿瘤,1例交界性叶状肿瘤复发为恶性叶状肿瘤,1例良性叶状肿瘤第一次复发为交界性叶状肿瘤,第二次复发为恶性叶状肿瘤。免疫组化标记CD117、CD34、CD10、p53、p16在原发及复发肿瘤中表达无差异。Ki67增殖指数在复发病例中均升高,并且核分裂数也增多。结论:良性、交界性、恶性叶状肿瘤均可复发,其中恶性叶状肿瘤复发率最高,肿瘤多为局部复发,部分肿瘤复发后出现组织学升级,复发后肿瘤细胞增殖活性增强。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤临床病理观察

目的 探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床、病理特点。方法 复习15例乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床、病理资料。结果 15例均为女性，年龄28岁～57岁，平均42.2岁。所有病例均表现为乳腺肿块，以单侧单发性为主，肿块直径3cm～18cm，平均7．8cm。良性叶状肿瘤8例，交界性4例，恶性3例。镜下见肿瘤由良性的上皮成分和丰富的间质细胞组成，大部分形成叶状结构。均未见腋下淋巴结转移。1例恶性患者术后17个月死于肺转移，4例患者发生局部复发。结论 乳腺叶状肿瘤好发于40岁～50岁女性，很少发生淋巴结转移，可血行转移，易复发。组织学上需与富含细胞的纤维腺瘤、真性肉瘤等鉴别。对良性叶状肿瘤一般选择肿块扩大切除术，肿瘤较大者、交界性及恶性者宜作乳腺切除术。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤33例诊治分析

[目的]探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床表现、诊治方法及预后情况。[方法]回顾分析33例经手术后病理证实为乳腺叶状肿瘤患者的临床治疗情况。[结果]乳腺叶状肿瘤33例中良性23例,交界性8例,恶性2例。20例行局部切除术,11例行局部扩大切除术,2例行乳房单纯切除术。术后随访18例,随访时间8～74个月,2例复发,无死亡病例。[结论]乳腺叶状肿瘤生物学行为较难测定,应结合肿块大小及病理类型选择局部扩大切除或单纯乳腺切除。     

乳腺分叶状肿瘤诊治及预后分析

目的探讨乳腺分叶状肿瘤的病理特点,治疗方法及预后的影响因素。方法回顾性分析我院2003年1月至2011年1月收治的30例乳腺分叶状肿瘤患者临床资料。结果 30例患者均手术治疗,病理诊断：分叶状纤维瘤24例;叶状囊肉瘤6例,其中低度恶性1例,中度恶性3例,高度恶性2例。有3例行肿块切除后局部复发,再行扩大切除。结论乳腺分叶状肿瘤病理诊断复杂,空芯针穿刺活检及冰冻切片诊断价值有限,选择合理术式是预后关键。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤16例

 目的　通过分析乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床、病理特点和影响预后的因素,确定治疗原则。方法　回顾性分析2003 年5月至2009 年8 月诊治的16 例乳腺叶状肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果　16 例患者平均年龄33 岁,按WHO 分类标准,良性7 例,交界性5 例,恶性4 例;9 例行局部切除术,4 例行乳腺单纯切除术,3 例行乳腺癌改良根治术。随访13例,平均随访时间为21（12～84 ）个月,5 例行局部切除术后复发,1例行乳腺癌改良根治术后2年死于广泛转移。结论　保证1～2 cm切缘的局部扩大切除术是治疗乳腺叶状肿瘤的首选方案。     

Long-term results of surgical therapy for phyllodes tumor of the breast

We report that the long-term results of surgical therapy for phyllodes tumor of the breast. During ten years, we experienced twenty-eight patients of phyllodes tumors of the breast. They were treated by surgical operation. Twenty-one cases were performed local excision with at least 1 cm surgical margin, and seven cases were performed muscle preserving mastectomy without axillary lymph nodes dissection. Pathological surgical margins of all patients were negative. Five patients were recognized the local recurrence, and only one patient was recognized a distant metastasis. The total recurrence rate was 21.4%. The patients with local recurrence were diagnosed the benign phyllodes tumor of the breast at the first operation. The mean time to recurrence was 5.4 years. If the pathological diagnosis was benign phyllodes tumor and surgical margin was negative at the first operation, it is necessary to follow up the patients, because there is a risk of local and distant metastasis.     

Phyllodes tumor of the breast: stromal overgrowth and histological classification are useful prognosis-predictive factors for local recurrence in patients with a positive surgical margin

BACKGROUND: The local recurrence rate of phyllodes tumors is high and ensuring a sufficient surgical margin is considered important for local control. However, the preoperative diagnosis rate of phyllodes tumors is low and we often encounter cases in which a sufficient surgical margin is not achieved, since in routine medical practice the lesion may not be diagnosed as phyllodes tumor until postoperative biopsy of a mammary mass. Furthermore, there are no established therapeutic guidelines for surgical stump-positive phyllodes tumors. We reviewed the outcomes of excision of phyllodes tumors to investigate factors involved in local recurrence and to determine the indication for re-excision in stump-positive cases. METHODS: The subjects were 45 patients treated for phyllodes tumors at our institution from January 1980 to July 2005. Age, tumor size, surgical method, stromal cellular atypia, mitotic activity, stromal overgrowth, histological classification and surgical stump status were analyzed. RESULTS: Median age was 45 years old (range 28-75) and tumor size was 1-17 cm (median 3.5 cm). Pathologic diagnoses were benign, borderline and malignant in 31, five and nine cases, respectively, and the surgical stump was negative in 27 lesions and positive in 15. Median follow-up was 101 months (range 1-273), with local recurrence in six cases and distant metastasis in one. The local recurrence-free rate was 88, 88 and 84% and the disease-free rate was 85, 85 and 81% after 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. Overall 10-year survival was 97%. In univariate analysis, a positive surgical margin, stromal overgrowth and histological classification were predictive factors for local recurrence after breast-conservation surgery (P = 0.0034, 0.0003, 0.026). A positive surgical stump was the only independent predictor of local recurrence in multivariate analysis (RR 0.086; 95% CI 0.01-0.743, P = 0.012). Stromal overgrowth was a predictive factor for local recurrence in cases with a positive surgical margin (P = 0.0139). CONCLUSION: Wide excision is the preferred therapy for phyllodes tumor and preoperative diagnosis is important for good local control. Re-excision is recommended in cases with a positive surgical margin and stromal overgrowth and malignancy.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤的诊断及治疗

目的探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的诊断和治疗.方法对经手术和病理诊断的48例乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析.结果48例中平均年龄为43.2岁.根据肿瘤生长方式,瘤细胞异型,核分裂和肿瘤坏死进行乳腺叶状肿瘤分级,良性26例,交界性12例,恶性10例.全部病例采用手术治疗,肿瘤单纯切除术23例,良性、交界性、恶性复发分别为3/18、2/3、2/2;肿瘤扩大切除术15例,良性、交界性、恶性复发分别为0/8、1/5、1/2;乳房切除术10例,交界性、恶性复发转移分别为0/4、2/6.结论乳腺叶状肿瘤可分良性、交界性和恶性三种类别,确诊和分级主要依靠病理组织检查.提示首次肿瘤彻底切除是治疗的关键,应根据组织分级及肿瘤大小决定手术方式.     

Phyllodes tumors of the breast: natural history, diagnosis, and treatment

Phyllodes tumors of the breast are unusual fibroepithelial tumors that exhibit a wide range of clinical behavior. These tumors are categorized as benign, borderline, or malignant based on a combination of histologic features. The prognosis of phyllodes tumors is favorable, with local recurrence occurring in approximately 15% of patients overall and distant recurrence in approximately 5% to 10% overall. Wide excision with a greater than 1 cm margin is definitive primary therapy. Adjuvant systemic therapy is of no proven value. Patients with locally recurrent disease should undergo wide excision of the recurrence with or without subsequent radiotherapy.     

The extent of surgery and prognosis of patients with phyllodes tumor of the breast

In an attempt to clarify the controversial issues related to prognosis and therapeutic aspects of phyllodes tumors (PT), we retrospectively reviewed all cases of PT treated in our hospital during the last fifteen years. Re-examining the pathology material we found 84 cases, while thirteen more cases which had been initially classified as fibroadenomas with areas of phyllodes tumor were rejected from the analysis because they were classified as fibroadenomas. Based on the criteria proposed by Azzopardi and Salvadori and adopted by WHO, we found 55 benign PT (65.14%), 14 borderline PT (16.6%), and 15 malignant PT (17.8%). The median age of the patients with benign PT was 34 years, compared to 46.5 years for those with borderline tumors and 52 years for those with malignant. The median size of benign tumors was 3 cm, 9.5 cm for borderline, and 7.25 cm for malignant. Out of 55 patients with benign PTs, 37 underwent wide local excision and the remaining 18, with small tumors, underwent enucleation. In this group of patients, there was no recurrence after a median interval of 6.65 years. Eleven patients with borderline PT underwent wide local excision and three mastectomy; one immediately after an incomplete PT excision and the remaining two 8 months and 2 years later due to a locally recurrent PT (the last one proven histologically in the permanent biopsy of the recurrence to be malignant). Twelve patients with malignant PT underwent mastectomy, either during the same operation or following the results of the permanent section biopsy. Three more patients with malignant PT underwent wide local excision. The size of the tumor in these patients was relatively small and the pathology report indicated clear margins with normal breast tissue surrounding the tumor. One patient with 8 cm diameter malignant PT, who underwent mastectomy, passed away sixteen months later from widely spread metastases. Applying the criteria of Azzopardi and Salvadori, each case of PT can be managed successfully avoiding unnecessary mastectomies.     

61例乳腺叶状肿瘤诊疗分析

目的探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床诊断、病理以及治疗和预后的关系。方法回顾分析1973年4月至2005年2月收治的61例经病理证实为乳腺分叶状肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果61例患者平均年龄43岁,按WHO分类标准,其中36例为良性,19例为交界性,6例为恶性;34例行局部扩大切除术,18例行单纯乳房切除术,3例行单纯切除+植皮术,6例行改良根治术(1例发现淋巴结转移)。随访52例,平均随访92个月(16~378个月),共13例局部复发和转移,死亡4例。结论局部扩大切除或单纯乳房切除术是治疗乳腺分叶状肿瘤的首选治疗方法,但术前检查证实同侧腋窝淋巴结肿大的患者,考虑行改良根治术。复发治疗以手术为主,需足够的手术范围,以根治为目的。     

Predictive factors for the local recurrence and distant metastasis of phyllodes tumors of the breast：a retrospective analysis of 192 cases at a single center

The local recurrence rate of phyllodes tumors of the breast varies widely among different subtypes, and distant metastasis is associated with poor survival. This study aimed to identify factors that are predictive of local recurrence-free survival （LRFS）, distant metastasis-free survival （DMFS）, and overall survival （OS） in patients with phyllodes tumors of the breast. Clinical data of all patients with a phyllodes tumor of the breast （n = 192） treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between March 1997 and December 2012 were reviewed. The Pearson X2 test was used to investigate the relationship between clinical features of patients and histotypes of tumors. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify factors that are predictive of LRFS, DMFS, and OS. In total, 31 （16.1%） patients developed local recurrence, and 12 （6.3%） developed distant metastasis. For the patients who developed local recurrence, the median age at the diagnosis of primary tumor was 33 years （range, 17-56 years）, and the median size of primary tumor was 6.0 cm （range, 0.8-18 cm）. For patients who developed distant metastasis, the median age at the diagnosis of primary tumor was 46 years （range, 24-68 years）, and the median size of primary tumor was 5.0 cm （range, 0.8-18 cm）. In univariate analysis, age, size, hemorrhage, and margin status were found to be predictive factors for LRFS （P = 0.009, 0.024, 0.004, and 0.001, respectively）, whereas histotype, epithelial hyperplasia, margin status, and local recurrence were predictors of DMFS （P = 0.001, 0.007, 0.007, and 〈 0.001, respectively）. In multivariate analysis, independent prognostic factors for LRFS included age [hazard ratio （HR） = 3.045, P = 0.005], tumor size （HR = 2.668, P = 0.013）, histotype （HR = 1.715, P= 0.017）, and margin status （HR = 4.530, P〈 0.001）. Histotype （DMFS： HR = 4.409, P= 0.002; OS： HR = 4.194, P= 0.003） and margin status （DMFS： HR = 2.581, P= 0.013;