山茱萸害虫—绿尾大蚕蛾的初步研究

绿尾大蚕蛾对山茱萸为害严重。该虫在安徽南部一年发生3代,每年5月、7月和9月分别是三个世代幼虫为害盛期。幼虫共5龄,历期约35天,其体型大、食量多,每头幼虫总取食量为1741.6cm~2,折62张山茱萸叶片。成虫夜出活动,有趋光性。该虫在海拔高度100～200米地区,10～20年树龄的山茱萸树上发生较多,为害严重。     

曲牙土天牛高毒力绿僵菌菌株筛选

目的: 明确昆虫病原真菌绿僵菌对化橘红害虫曲牙土天牛幼虫的毒力,筛选高致病力菌株,为曲牙土天牛的生物防治提供依据。 方法: 先利用从化橘红基地土壤中分离及其他实验室提供的36株绿僵菌,制成孢子浓度为1×10⁸ 个/g的孢子土,对曲牙土天牛1龄幼虫进行初步的毒力测定;在此基础上选取7株分离自化橘红基地土壤的绿僵菌作进一步筛选;并通过液固双相发酵法对筛选出的高毒力菌株的产孢能力进行初步评价。 结果: 用于作初步毒力测定的36株绿僵菌中,有28株能够侵染曲牙土天牛幼虫,其中6株僵虫率达100%,8株达80%,8株达60%,2株达40%,4株达20%;用于作进一步毒力筛选的7株菌中,有6株表现出较高的毒力,最高僵虫率均大于74%;对这6株菌的产孢量进行测定,产孢量均大于10亿个/g,其中1,4株菌产孢量显著高于其他菌株,分别为2.35±0.25 (1×10⁹个孢子/g),2.21±0.27(1×10⁹个孢子/g)。 结论: 1号和4号菌株对曲牙土天牛1龄幼虫表现出了较高的毒力,并有最强的产孢能力,因此最具开发潜力。     

中药僵蚕及其混伪品的鉴别

僵蚕为蚕蛾科昆虫家蚕 Bombyx moyi L.4～5龄的幼虫感染(或人工接种)白僵菌Beau-ria bassians(Bals.)Vuill.而致死的干燥体。具祛风定惊,化痰散结的功能。近十多年来,药市上多次发现正品僵蚕中混入被石灰鲊死干燥的4～5眠蚕幼虫。本掺伪品被石灰粉染成白     

白僵蚕的性状鉴别

白僵蚕的性状鉴别吉林省中医中药研究院（１３００２１）宋利捷翟桂梅田洋长春中医学院王秀芬白石明【关键词】白僵蚕中药性状鉴别来源：蚕蛾科昆虫家蚕４～５龄的幼虫，因感染（或人工接种）白僵菌而致死的虫体。动物形态：家蚕的幼虫，全体呈圆柱形，色青白，体分头、胸...     

二龄蚕康饮延缓衰老作用的研究

二龄蚕康饮能明显延长家蚕幼虫生长时间,提高雄蚕蛾10天内平均存活率;延长小鼠寿命。并能明显提高老龄大鼠肝及红细胞中的SOD含量,降低脑中MAO-B的含量。对老龄鼠脑及肾上腺中的LF和血清及肝中的LPO,均有显著的降低作用。     

黄枝子灰蝶的生物学研究

黄枝子灰蝶(Deudorix eryx L.)是药材黄枝子的主要害虫。作者对该虫的形态特征和生物学特性进行了室内外的观察。室内饲养,在温度29.54±3.35℃条件下,完成一个世代需25.28±1.94天;对幼虫进行颜色标记,观察脱皮次数,确认幼虫共经四龄,和以前的报道有所不同;不同龄期幼虫特征有异。自然条件下:一年发生七代,全年以第一、二代发生量大,为害严重。幼虫钻蛀为害花、果,一头幼虫为害3～5个花、果,以3～4龄虫食量大,为害最甚,造成落花落果。掌握黄枝子灰蝶的生物学特性,对于防治具有实际的意义。     

对僵蚕药材采集与加工方法小议

贵刊1987年第11期39页《动物类药材采集与加工方法》一文中载,作者提出“僵蚕:收集感染白僵菌僵死的家蚕。用石灰拌和,晒或烘干。”笔者认为“用石灰拌和”文句不妥。僵蚕为蚕蛾科昆虫桑蚕4～5龄的幼虫,由浅色线菌科白僵病菌感染发生白僵病而僵死的干燥虫     

家蚕

蚕,属于昆虫纲,鳞翅目,蚕蛾科,也是蚕蛾科昆虫的通称。有家蚕、柞蚕、蓖麻蚕、天蚕(日本柞蚕)、樟蚕、樗蚕等。幼虫能吐丝结茧。茧丝是纺织绫罗绸缎的纤维原料。 童年时,曾见过大姐姐们跟一群闺女们养蚕。她们并不以此为业,也不为拿到市场上出售,纯粹是猎奇爱好。 春天,当柳条泛青的时候,     

斑点免疫印迹法快速测定4品种家蚕蛾下颚溶茧酶含量

目的:测定4品种家蚕蛾下颚溶茧酶含量,并建立斑点免疫印迹法在中药材药效成分含量的测定方法。方法:以兔抗溶茧酶多抗为一抗,应用斑点免疫印迹法对4品种家蚕蛾下颚溶茧酶含量作定性检测,杂交信号应用Quantity one软件作定量分析。结果:4品种家蚕蛾下颚的个体溶茧酶平均含量分别为6.41、8.09、7.62、1.88μg/头。结论:不同品种家蚕蛾间下颚溶茧酶含量差异显著。斑点免疫印迹法简便快捷,结果准确,无需大型设备,可用于类似中药材药效物质的含量测定与品质评价。     

僵蚕人工培育技术

僵蚕别名白僵蚕、白僵虫。为节肢动物门昆虫纲蚕蛾科昆虫家蚕Bombyx mori L.的5龄幼虫,因感染(或人工接种)淡色线菌科白僵菌而致死的干燥虫体。仅靠家蚕地区在养蚕期自然病死者,供不应求,人工培育是解决僵蚕来源的有效办法。生物学特性家蚕主产于江苏、浙江、四川、广东等省。家蚕在发育过程中,由卵(已经催青处理)孵化出来的小蚕,称蚁蚕。蚁蚕逐渐生     

Damage-loss relationships and integrated control of 3rd instar larvae of Actias selene nigpoana Felder in planting area of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.]

In the present paper, the damage-loss model of Actias selene ningpoana to Cornus officinalis was tested and the results indicated that the yield loss rates obeyed the equation Y = 100 - EXP(4.6042 - 0.0315X). The economic threshold of the 2hd and 3rd instar larvae of A. selene nigpoana was then determined as 22 and 8 insects per tree respecitively. Suggestions for integrated control have been made based on the research of activities of A. selene ningpoana in the forest.     

The pharmacology of extinction.

It is impossible to predict what compounds of pharmacological interest may be present in an unexamined species. The extinction of such species may result, therefore, in the loss of therapeutically significant compounds. The fact that science will never know what has been lost does not lessen the significance of the loss. A number of species are discussed to exemplify the potential loss. Ginkgo biloba is an ancient plant, apparently saved from a natural extinction by human intervention. From this tree, the ginkgolides have been isolated. These are potent inhibitors of platelet activating factor and hold promise in the treatment of cerebral ischemia and brain edema. Two species, the tree Taxus brevifolia and the leech Hirudo medicinalis, are threatened as a result of human activity. Both have recently yielded complex compounds of therapeutic importance. The antitumor agent, taxol, is obtained from T. brevifolia and the thrombin inhibitor, hirudin, is found in H. medicinalis. Catharanthus roseus, source of the anticancer agents vincristine and vinblastine, although not threatened, derives from a largely unexamined but severely stressed ecosystem of some 5000 plant species. In other examples, ethnobotanical knowledge of certain plants may be lost while the species survive, as exemplified by the suppression of the Aztec ethnobotany of Mesoamerica by the invading Spanish. Finally, the fallacy of the 'snail darter syndrome', where species may be viewed as too insignificant to worry about, is exposed by consideration of the pharmacological activities of a sea hare (a shell-less marine mollusc) and various leeches.     

Ocular toxicity of Afromomum melegueta (alligator pepper) on healthy Igbos of Nigeria.

Afromomum melegueta is an ubiquitous specie of the family Zingiberaecea. It is a very popular spice used mainly as food, in brewing, and in veterinary and traditional medicines. The effect of acute consumption of A. melegueta seeds on some visual parameters was studied with a view to determining the adverse ocular effects. Results showed that bolus consumption of 0.35 g of A. melegueta seeds by 10 healthy male Igbos age 30-35 and body weight 60-68 kg increased the near point of convergence (NPC) by 17.2% and reduced the amplitude of accommodation (AA) by 9.2% without affecting the pupil size and the visual acuity. The increased NPC leads to doubling of vision while the reduction or loss of accommodation would lead to blurring of vision both synergising to impair vision at least transiently. Non-specific mechanism of action or papaverine-like activity is suggested.     

Effect of SBD.4A--a defined multicomponent preparation of Angelica sinensis--in periodontal regeneration models

Periodontitis is a major cause of tooth motility and loss, resulting in destruction of the supporting structures of the tooth, including periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone. Periodontal surgery can slow the progression of the disease, but is costly, invasive, limited by contraindications and technique-sensitive. Recently, non-invasive pharmacological treatments using proteinaceous biologicals have become available. Here, for the first time, the bone-regenerative capabilities of a non-proteinaceous biological--SBD.4A--a novel, stable multicomponent growth factor isolated from a medicinal plant Angelica sinensis are reported. SBD.4A was tested in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation systems, as well as in a fibroblast-secreted hyaluronic acid assay. Furthermore, SBD.4A was formulated in a slow release matrix and tested in the rat calvarial defect model. Apart from the previously reported strong stimulation of angiogenesis, fibroblast growth and collagen synthesis--the activities needed for periodontal regeneration--SBD.4A enhanced the deposition of hyaluronic acid and proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro, as well as bone regeneration in the rat calvarial defect model. Together, these results indicate the beneficial effect of SBD.4 on periodontal ligament and bone regeneration making the case for further development of this botanical growth factor.     

Antiproliferative effect of Scutellaria barbata D. Don. on cultured human uterine leiomyoma cells by down-regulation of the expression of Bcl-2 protein

Scutellaria barbata D. Don (Lamiaceae; SB) inhibited the growth of leiomyomal cells (LM). A time-dependent antiproliferative effect was noted when 10(-5) m buserelin, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist or 20-40 microg/mL SB was added. The inhibition of cell growth decreased with the addition of the PKC activator (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbor-13-acetate; TPA) much as it did with the addition of SB, and the decreases in the viable cells caused by the addition of SB were reversed completely by pretreatment with a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (calphostin C). The findings suggest that SB inhibits cell proliferation in cultured human uterine leiomyoma cells accompanied by PKC activation. Next, the study investigated the effect of SB on fetal development for toxicity. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats, from gestation day 6-15, were administered 20 g/L or 50 g/L SB in the drinking water and then killed on day 20. No maternal toxicity was observed, however, embryonic loss in the treatment groups was double that of the controls (p < 0.05). No gross morphologic malformations were seen in the treated fetuses. Fetuses exposed to SB were found to be significantly heavier than the controls, an effect that was greater in female fetuses and was not correlated with increased placental size. The results suggest that the SB had no toxicity and that in utero exposure to SB resulted in increased early embryo loss with increased growth in surviving fetuses. On the other hand, Western blot analyses revealed that Bcl-2 protein of a 26 kDa was abundant in leiomyomal cells, but not in normal myometrial cells. The addition of progesterone (100 ng/mL) resulted in a striking increase in Bcl-2 protein expression in the cultured leiomyoma cells. However, the addition of SB (20 microg/mL) resulted in a significant reduction in Bcl-2 protein expression in the cells. The results indicated that human uterine leiomyomal cells express Bcl-2 protein and progesterone enhances its expression, however, SB reduces the expression of Bcl-2 protein in human uterine leiomyoma cells.     

Antigiardial and immunostimulatory effect of Piper longum on giardiasis due to Giardia lamblia.

Piper longum fruit, used in traditional remedies as well as in the Ayurvedic system of medicine against intestinal disorders, was tested for its efficacy against experimental infection of Giardia lamblia in mice. On in vitro test, an aqueous extract of P. longum fruit powder (PF) at 250 microg/mL and its ethanol extract at 125 microg/mL showed 100% giardicidal activity. A low order activity was found in the n-butanol extract. Further fractionation in hexane and chloroform resulted in a total loss of activity. The survival of-trophozoites in mice at 900 mg/kg body weight was 11.12 in PF, 8. 54 in aqueous extract, 5.81 in ethanol extract. The antigiardial activity of PF in hexane, chloroform and n-butanol soluble fractions was comparable to the drug-untreated control (47.63). Piper longum possessed a demonstrable immunostimulatory activity, both specific and nonspecific, as evident from the standard test parameters such as haemagglutination titre (HA), plaque forming cell (PFC) counts, macrophage migration index (MMI) and phagocytic index (PI). A maximum effect was found at 225 mg/kg body weight in mice. The effect was marginally reduced at higher doses of 450 and 900 mg/kg or the lower dose of 112.5 mg/kg.     

Antiobesity effects of wild ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) mediated by PPAR-gamma, GLUT4 and LPL in ob/ob mice

The antiobesity effect of wild ginseng (WG; Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) in male obese leptin-deficient (B6.V-Lepob, 'ob/ob') mice was evaluated. WG was administered orally to mice at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks. The WG-treated ob/ob mice showed a loss of body weight and a decrease in blood glucose levels compared with control mice. WG regulated the mRNA expression level especially, it increased peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adipose tissue, as well as glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and insulin receptor (IR) in the skeletal muscle and liver. Taken together, these results suggest that WG may play a vital role in the antiobesity effect in ob/ob mice; this has importance in insulin sensitivity. This may prove to be of clinical importance in improving the management of obesity and related metabolic syndromes.     

远近取穴法针刺治疗突发性耳聋疗效观察

目的观察远近取穴法针刺治疗突发性聋的临床疗效。方法将100例突发性聋患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组50例。治疗组采用远近取穴法针刺治疗,对照组采用药物治疗,治疗2个疗程后评价两组临床疗效。结果治疗组治疗后听力、耳鸣、眩晕症状改善均优于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论远近取穴法针刺是一种治疗突发性聋的有效方法。     

面瘫I号方联合康复训练治疗周围性面瘫的疗效观察

目的观察面瘫I号方配合康复训练治疗周围性面瘫的临床疗效。方法选取2011年12月-2013年12月山东省交通医院就诊的周围性面瘫患者102例,随机分为治疗组（5l例）和对照组（51例）。对照组患者进行康复训练,20min／次,2次／d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服面瘫I号方,100mL／次,早、晚2次服用。两组均持续治疗3周。观察两组的临床疗效,同时比较瞬目反射R1波潜伏期和面神经电图复合动作电位波幅损失百分比治疗前后的变化。结果治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为92．16％、84．31％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗后,两组患者的瞬目反射R1波潜伏期均较治疗前明显缩短,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗后,治疗组的R1波潜伏期明显短于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗后,治疗组支配眼轮匝肌、鼻肌以及口轮匝肌的神经波幅损失百分比较治疗前明显下降,治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;对照组支配眼轮匝肌和鼻肌的波幅损失百分比较治疗前明显下降,治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗后,治疗组鼻肌、口轮匝肌的神经波幅损失百分比明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论面瘫I号方联合康复训练治疗周围性面瘫有较好的临床疗效,可有效改善面神经功能,值得临床推广应用。