内蒙古自治区牙克石市全沟硬蜱携带立克次体的研究

  目的  了解内蒙古自治区（内蒙古）大兴安岭地区蜱携带的斑点热群立克次体和无形体属细菌的流行情况与种类。  方法  在阿龙山林区采集蜱并根据形态学特征进行鉴定,运用PCR方法扩增17 kDa与16S rRNA基因分别对2010年捕获蜱中的两类病原体进行检测,同时扩增阳性样本中立克次体的全长16S rRNA和gltA基因,将扩增产物测序后进行序列分析。 运用MegAlign软件分析序列的相似性,并通过PhyML3.1软件构建进化树进行系统发生分析。  结果  在阿龙山林区采集点共捕获蜱293只,经形态学鉴定全部为全沟硬蜱。 其中斑点热群立克次体、无形体的感染率分别为9.56%和0。 序列分析显示该地区蜱携带的斑点热群立克次体均为新塔拉塞维奇立克次体,16S rRNA和gltA基因与该种立克次体已知序列的同源性分别为100.00%和99.80%,氨基酸同源性为100.00%。 进化分析结果显示本研究在牙克石市全沟硬蜱中检测到的新塔拉塞维奇立克次体与俄罗斯的菌株为同一基因型。  结论  内蒙古大兴安岭地区蜱中存在可致病的斑点热群新塔拉塞维奇立克次体。     

2017-2019年浙江省衢州市城区公园蜱分布及携带病原体情况调查

  目的  了解浙江省衢州市城区公园蜱类的种群分布和病原体携带情况,评估衢州市城区公园蜱传疾病的传播风险。  方法  2017 — 2019年每年3 — 11月,选择衢州市6个县（市、区）共18家城区公园,利用人工布旗法和动物体表采集法采集游离蜱和寄生蜱,进行蜱种鉴定,采用PCR方法检测蜱体内伯氏疏螺旋体、斑点热群立克次体、微小巴贝西虫、无形体/埃立克体、发热伴血小板减少综合征布尼亚病毒（SFTSV）。  结果  共捕获蜱168只,春、夏、秋季分别采集蜱标本41、70、57只,季节间无明显差异;168只蜱均为成蜱,隶属于1科5属7种,以革蜱为主,其次为长角血蜱、中华硬蜱,分别占36.90%（62/168）、26.79%（45/168）、占14.29%（24/168）;游离蜱39只（23.21%）,寄生蜱129只（76.79%）,其中宿主为鼠类的有96只（74.42%）,远高于其他宿主;其中47只检测5类病原体阳性,总阳性率为27.98%;以伯氏疏螺旋体阳性率最高（13.10%）,无形体/埃立克体阳性率最低（1.79%）。  结论  衢州市城区公园捕获蜱类以革蜱和长角血蜱为主,携带伯氏疏螺旋体、斑点热群立克次体、SFTSV等病原体。 市民存在被蜱叮咬及感染蜱传疾病的风险。     

西北4省区蜱虫自然感染3种病原体的分子流行病学研究

目的 了解西北4省区蜱虫自然感染莱姆病螺旋体、土拉弗氏菌和Q热立克次体的情况.方法 采用布旗法收集西北地区内的蜱标本进行分子生物学检测.结果 文献调研显示:西北地区已报道的虫媒疾病共有15种.西北地区内共采集蜱标本2 460只,涉及11个不同蜱种.共有304只蜱标本检测发现莱姆病螺旋体,75只感染土拉弗菌,200只感染Q热立克次体,3种病原体在4个调查点内均存在.共采集到西北地区内当地人群血清725份,共有183份血清存在目标抗体,进一步证实调查疾病的存在.结论 证实西北四省区存在3种蜱媒疾病在,对预防控制具有重要意义.     

云南省西北地区家畜体表蜱类形态学与分子生物学鉴定

目的 调查云南省西北地区家畜体表蜱的种类及其种群遗传进化情况。方法 采集家畜体表寄生的蜱虫,经形态学鉴定后,用PCR法扩增蜱样本的16S rDNA和ITS2基因片段,测序后进行序列分析。结果 共采集成蜱样本1 275只,经形态学鉴定为1科3属4种,其中微小扇头蜱1 263只（占99.1%）,卵形硬蜱7只（占0.6%）,锐跗硬蜱4只（占0.3%）,未知血蜱1只（占0.1%）。样品分子鉴定结果与形态学鉴定结果一致。16S rDNA序列分析显示,蜱P6与印度微小扇头蜱（EU918188）的相似性最高为99.8%,与中国云南微小扇头蜱（JX051062）的相似性99.4%;蜱P2与美国卵形硬蜱（U95900）的相似性最高为93.8%;蜱P1与日本锐跗硬蜱（AB105167）的相似性最高为95.9%;蜱P4与澳大利亚parva血蜱（JX573136）的相似性为90.5%,与中国云南长角血蜱（JX051064）的相似性为88.7%。ITS2序列分析显示,蜱P6与来自老挝（KC503276）、中国云南（KC203364）的微小扇头蜱的相似性均为99.9%;蜱P2与日本卵形硬蜱（D88857）的相似性最高为96.1%;蜱P1与日本锐跗硬蜱（AB605168）的相似性最高为95.3%;蜱P4与罗马尼亚Haemaphysalis parva血蜱（FN296282）的相似性最高为91.0%。结论 云南地区家畜体表存在微小扇头蜱、卵形硬蜱、锐跗硬蜱和一种与parva血蜱相关的新型血蜱。     

常州地区儿童呼吸道感染病原体的流行病学分析

摘要：目的：了解常州地区儿童常见呼吸道感染的病原体特点和流行趋势。 方法：收集2011年5月至2012年5月儿科呼吸道感染的住院患儿2 543例,用间接免疫荧光法（IFA）检测血清中嗜肺军团菌、肺炎支原体、Q热立克次体、肺炎衣原体、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒和副流感病毒1、2和3型的IgM抗体。 结果：2 543例呼吸道感染的患儿中,病原体检测阳性共953例,阳性率为37.48%。其中混合感染272例,占28.54%（272/953）。肺炎支原体阳性率最高,为25.87%（658/2543）,夏季阳性率较高。呼吸道合胞病毒、乙型流感病毒阳性率分别为4.48%（114／2 543）和9.63%（245/2 543）,均好发于秋、冬两季。副流感病毒阳性率为5.07%（129/2 543）,好发于秋季。嗜肺军团菌、腺病毒阳性率分别为2.32%（59／2 543）和1.18%（30/2 543）,全年发病但无明显季节差异。甲型流感病毒阳性率为1.53%（39/2 543）,好发于春季。肺炎衣原体和Q热立克次体仅在春季分别检出4例和1例。 结论：肺炎支原体是常州地区儿童呼吸道感染的主要病原体。在呼吸道病毒高发的季节,应加强防范。     

9项呼吸道病原体检测在呼吸道感染病因分析中的应用

目的探讨呼吸道感染的常见病因,为临床提供早期诊断依据。方法选择呼吸道感染患者3 514例,空腹采集静脉血,采用间接免疫荧光法进行呼吸道嗜肺军团菌1型（LP1）、肺炎支原体（MP）、Q热立克次体（COX）、肺炎衣原体（CP）、腺病毒（ADV）、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、甲型流感病毒（IFA）、乙型流感病毒（IFB）、副流感病毒（PIV）9项病原体的联合检测。结果 3 514例患者血清IgM总阳性率为35.00%（1 230/3 514）,IFB阳性率最高,为26.01%;其次为MP,阳性率为16.28%;PIV、ADV、RSV阳性率分别为0.03%、2.27%、0.65%。病原体合并感染413例,阳性率为11.75%（413/3 514）。结论呼吸道感染的病原体主要为病毒和MP。     

云南省大理州发热患者血液中检测斑点热群立克次体

目的 调查云南省大理州不明原因发热患者是否存在斑点热。 方法 用巢式-聚合酶链反应法扩增患者血液中的立克次体属groEL基因,并进行核酸序列鉴定和分析。 结果 20例患者血液中检出1例立克次体核酸阳性(检出率5%),其序列分析与GenBank中Rickcttsia rickcttsii Iowa、Rickcttsia peacockii Rustic、Rickcttsia sibirica 等斑点热群立克次体株的同源性最高(为99%)。 结论 首次证实云南大理地区存在斑点热患者, 医疗部门应加强对斑点热的诊断与鉴别。     

2006-2008年浙江省天台县蜱媒传染病监测分析

目的了解浙江省天台县山区蜱与蜱媒传染病的种类、分布以及危害状况,为建立蜱媒传染病预防控制技术体系提供参考。方法采用PCR等技术对该地区的蜱媒病原的感染情况进行流行病学调查研究。结果对141只啮齿动物进行检测,染蜱率为17.02%,带蜱指数为0.4823;采集家畜和野生动物体表寄生蜱705只,在鼠脏器标本中检测到莱姆病螺旋体核酸片段、埃立克体核酸片段、斑点热核酸片段;在长角血蜱中检测到斑点热核酸片段;在人血清检测到莱姆病IgG抗体及斑疹伤寒抗体。结论天台山区有莱姆病、埃立克体和斑点热存在,可能引起一些蜱媒传染病的发生。     

从福建首次分离出斑点热群立克次体

本文报道自福建省宁化县林区野兔身上寄生的越原血蜱（Haemaphysalis yeni）中分离到一株斑点热群立克次体，经特异性免疫荧光检查初步确定为西伯利亚立克次体（Rickettsia sibirica），这是在我国南方分离出来的第一株斑点热群立克次体。     

2018-2020年浙江省舟山市蜱类分布及发热伴血小板减少综合征病例调查

  目的   了解浙江省舟山市蜱类季节消长规律、种群分布情况及发热伴血小板减少综合征病例发生情况,分析其相关性。  方法   2018 — 2020年在舟山市定海、普陀、岱山、嵊泗区（县）发热伴血小板减少综合征确诊病例发生地周围采用布旗法收集游离蜱,采用体表检蜱法收集寄生蜱,运用荧光反转录酶聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）检测新型布尼亚病毒核酸。采用Excel 2017软件汇总数据,用SPSS 19.0 软件进行数据分析。  结果  2018 — 2020年共捕获游离蜱612只,以长角血蜱为主（83.82%）,镰形扇头蜱次之（14.05%）。 共有发热伴血小板减少综合征病例20例,发病基本集中在岱山县。 在确诊病例发生地周围共捕获51只游离蜱,86只寄生蜱,均为长角血蜱,经检测新型布尼亚病毒核酸均为阴性。  结论  舟山市优势蜱种为长角血蜱,农村外环境是蜱的主要生活环境,每年5 — 9月是蜱的活动高峰时间,发热伴血小板减少综合征病例的发生与蜱的活动高峰密切相关。     

巢式聚合酶链反应快速检测贝氏柯克斯体的研究

目的 建立特异敏感的快速检测贝氏柯克斯体的分子生物学方法。方法 采用巢式聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）方法,进行实验室模拟检测。结果 以贝氏柯克斯体ｃｏｍｌ基因（编码２７０００蛋白）为靶标设计了２对引物;该引物特异性实验表明仅贝氏柯克斯体特异性 段可以扩增出来,其余相关立克次体均扩不出;敏感性测试结果可检测出１．５ｆｇdisplay structure     

Giant cell arteritis associated with acute Q fever – A case report

Q fever is a worldwide spread zoonotic disease, caused by the gram-negative intracellular bacillus Coxiella burnetii. Apart from its most common manifestations, Q fever has been reported to occasionally mimic autoimmune diseases. We herein present a case of acute Q fever in a 69-year-old man, manifesting as prolonged fever with pneumonitis, in whom biopsy of the temporal artery revealed giant cell arteritis. Moreover, PCR testing of the biopsy specimen was positive for Coxiella burnetii, thus further supporting the possibly infectious etiology of some cases of biopsy proven giant cell arteritis, with implications for treatment.     

Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the tick Ixodes ricinus in the Styrian mountains of Austria

A total of 691 Ixodes ricinus (22 male, 39 female, 501 nymphs and 129 larvae), the tick vector of Lyme borreliosis, were collected by flagging from vegetation in 11 areas at altitudes between 789 m and 1350 m above sea level in mixed woodland with pasture land (cattle) in the province of Styria in Austria. The ticks were individually examined for presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by dark-field microscopy and 107 of them by real-time PCR. Attempts to cultivate borreliae were made in BSK-H medium. The overall positivity rate of all collected ticks (excepting larvae) was 10.9%: 9.1% in males, 17.9% in females and 10.4% in nymphs. The 129 larvae examined showed no presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. The mean infection rate of I. ricinus collected at the highest altitude in this study, Gaberl at 1350 m a.s.l.--and at the same time the highest one reported in Europe--was 6.4%: 1/9 males, 2/18 females and 6/114 (5.3%) nymphs were positive. Culture attempts were positive in 12 cases and species identification showed eight isolates were B. afzelii and four B. garinii. Three additional positive results found by PCR (negative by culture) were identified twice as B. afzelii and once as B. garinii. This study shows that the risk of acquiring Lyme borreliosis in habitats at higher altitudes is limited, because of the lower density of I. ricinus and its lesser infection rate than at lower altitudes in central Europe, but nevertheless the risk does exist.     

茂名地区儿童非典型肺炎病原体流行病学调查

目的了解茂名地区儿童9种呼吸道病原体的IgM抗体检测结果及流行情况。方法取6 241例初步诊断为吸道感染患者的血清,采用间接免疫荧光法同时检测9种病原体IgM抗体。9种非典型病原体分别是嗜肺军团菌(LP)、肺炎支原体(MP)、Q热立克次体(COX)、肺炎衣原体(CP)、腺病毒(ADV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、甲、乙型流感病毒(INFA/B)和副流感病毒(PIVS)。结果共检测6 241份血清,其中1 320份阳性,非典型病原体感染阳性率为21%,其中MP(15.12%)感染率最高,其次为INFB、LP、ADV和PIVS,它们的感染率分别为3.03%、1.92%、0.54%和0.22%。感染率最小的病原群体为RSV、COX、INFA和CP,它们的感染率分别为0.14%、0.11%、0.048%和0.016%。结论茂名地区儿童急性呼吸道感染的病原体主要是MP,病原体检出率与季节有关。     

Ticks (Ixodidae) from passerine birds in the Carpathian region

Birds have been found to be a reservoir host of borrelia. In order to assess the situation in Slovakia ticks were collected from a total of 3057 mist-netted, ringed and released passerine birds in two locations at 500 m (in 2001) and 1000 m (in 2003) above sea level in the Bukovské Vrchy Hills, part of the Carpathian region in the north-east of Slovakia. A total of 75 birds of 16 species were infested with subadult ticks of Ixodes ricinus species (prevalence of parasitization 5%). Sixty-two larvae from 31 birds of 9 species and 80 nymphs from 52 birds of 15 species were found. The highest intensity of parasitization was observed on blackbirds Turdus merula, song thrushes T. philomelos and dunnocks Prunella modularis. Six Ixodes ricinus adult ticks were found on humans working with birds, and one I. ricinus female tick on their dog. In ticks, the presence of Rickettsia sp., Coxiella burnetii, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and members of the Anaplasmataceae and Piroplasmidae, were investigated by polymerase chain reaction, followed by sequence analysis. Rickettsia sp. was found in 1 nymph from the European robin Erithacus rubecula, in 3 adult ticks (1 male, 2 females) from humans and in the tick from the dog. The closely related Ehrlichia- like species "Schotti variant" was detected in 1 nymph from the song thrush. Borrelia afzelii was identified in 1 male and B. garinii in 1 female tick collected on humans. Ixodes ricinus was found to be the vector of a wide spectrum of tick-borne pathogens in a mountainous area of the Carpathians. Because of the low yield of ticks and pathogens the importance of birds as reservoir hosts is still poorly understood.     

Diagnosis of quinolone-resistant Coxiella burnetii strains by PCR-RFLP

A total of 12 strains of Coxiella burnetii (8 Greek isolates from acute Q-fever patients, two reference strains-Nine Mile and Q212-and two pefloxacin-resistant laboratory strains) were examined for the presence of point mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA gene by direct DNA sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified fragments. The gene sequences of all eight Greek isolates and the two reference strains Nine Mile and Q212 [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)A) at the corresponding codon 87 of E. coli. This mutation lead to the substitution of Glu (codon GAG) by Lys (codon AAG ). Restriction maps of amplified gyrA gene sequences were determined by GCG Wisconsin PACKAGE, and the MnlI restriction enzyme was found to cut only the sensitive strains sequences and not the resistant ones. The present PCR-RFLP analysis has proved to be a simple, rapid, and useful method for the detection of Coxiella burnetii and, at the same time, for the diagnosis of quinolone-resistant Coxiella burnetii strains.     

新疆伊犁地区人及家畜贝氏柯克斯体血清学调查

目的 了解新疆伊犁地区人及家畜贝氏柯克斯体(Coxiella burnetii,Cb,俗称Q热立克次体)血清流行概况.方法 采用WHO推荐的间接免疫荧光(IFA)方法检测人及家畜血清中的Q热病原体-贝氏柯克斯体特异IgG、IgM抗体.结果 24份门诊收集的不明发热患者血清中,4例为急性感染,2例为慢性感染或恢复期.85...     

Epidemiological survey on the route of Coxiella burnetii infection in an animal hospital

The source of Q fever infection, was investigated by serological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of specimens from humans and pets in an animal hospital. Two animal health technicians showed a positive serological reaction against Coxiella burnetiiat the start. One of the two positive subjects remained PCR-positive for about 1 year and the other converted to PCR-negative, but the IgG antibody titer remained at 1 : 128 after minocycline treatment. Among animals housed in the hospital, two dogs were PCR-positive at the start, and the infection was transmitted to three cats about 5 months later. All these animals became negative for C. burnetii DNA after minocycline treatment. Furthermore, C. burnetii was isolated from the sera of the two humans and two dogs. C. burnetiiisolates from the humans and dogs were analyzed, and it was found that the sequence homology of the com1 region was high, 99.9%, and the QpH1 plasmid was detected. These results suggest that these isolates were the same type, and it was considered that the infection was derived from the dogs, though the time of infection could not be confirmed.