Neuronal firing in the globus pallidus internus and the ventrolateral thalamus related to parkinsonian motor symptoms

Background It has been proposed that parkinsonian motor signs result from hyperactivity in the output nucleus of the basal ganglia, which suppress the motor thalamus and cortical areas. This study aimed to explore the neuronal activity in the globus pallidus internus （GPi） and the ventrolateral thalamic nuclear group （ventral oral posterior/ventral intermediate, Vop/Vim） in patients with Parkinson＇s disease （PD）. Methods Twenty patients with PD who underwent neurosurgery were studied. Microelectrode recording was performed in the GPi （n=10） and the Vop/Vim （n=10） intraoperatively. Electromyography （EMG） contralateral to the surgery was simultaneously performed. Single unit analysis was carried out. The interspike intervals （ISI） and coefficient of variation （CV） of ISI were calculated. Histograms of ISI were constructed. A unified Parkinson＇s disease rating scale （UPDRS） was used to assess the clinical outcome of surgery. Results Three hundred and sixty-three neurons were obtained from 20 trajectories. Of 175 GPi neurons, there were 15.4% with tremor frequency, 69.2% with tonic firing, and 15.4% with irregular discharge. Of 188 thalamic neurons, there were 46.8% with tremor frequency, 22.9% with tonic firing, and 30.3% with irregular discharge. The numbers of three patterns of neuron in GPi and Vop/Vim were significantly different （P 〈0.001）. ISI analysis revealed that mean firing rate of the three patterns of GPi neurons was （80.9±63.9） Hz （n=78）, which was higher than similar neurons with 62.9 Hz in a normal primate. For the Vop/Vim group, ISI revealed that mean firing rate of the three patterns of neurons （n=95） was （23.2±17.1） Hz which was lower than similar neurons with 30 Hz in the motor thalamus of normal primates. UPDRS indicated that the clinical outcome of pallidotomy was （64.3±29.5）%, （83.4±19.1）% and （63.4±36.3）%, and clinical outcome of thalamotomy was （92.2±12.9）%, （68.0±25.2）% and （44.3±7.2）% for tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia, respectively. A significant difference of tremor and rigidity was found between GPi and VopNim （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions Different changes in neuronal firing rate and the pattern in GPi and Vop/Vim are likely responsible for parkinsonian motor signs. The results support the view that abnormal neuronal activity in GPi and Vop/Vim are involved in the pathophysiology of parkinsonism.     

Firing Properties and Classification of MVN Neurons in Rats

Summary:In order to know the effects of caloric stimulation on neuronal firing in medial vestibularnuclei(MVN)by middle ear irrigation,the middle ear was irrigated with ice(4℃),hot(44℃),and warm(37℃)water,and the firing rate of MVN neuron was extracellularly recorded.The re-sults showed that the firing rate of MVN neuron was changed by caloric stimulation,and the majori-ty of MVN neurons showed excitation by irrigation with hot water and inhibition by ice water(typeA).The neuronal firing was recovered immediately after the cessation of the stimulation.I It wasconcluded that the neuronal firing rate in MVN was changed by caloric syimulation in middle ear cavi-ty.The response was different in various neurons.     

Changes of neuronal activities after gut electrical stimulation with different parameters and locations in lateral hypothalamus area of obese rats

This study tested the effects of the gastrointestinal pulse train electrical stimulation with different parameters and at different locations on the neuronal activities of the lateral hypothalamus area（LHA） in obese rats in order to find the optimal stimulation parameter and location. Eight gastric electrical stimulations（GES） with different parameters were performed and the neuronal activities of gastric-distension responsive（GD-R） neurons in LHA were observed. The effects of stimulations with 8 parameters were compared to find the optimal parameter. Then the optimal parameter was used to perform electrical stimulation at duodenum and ileum, and the effects of the duodenal and ileac stimulation on the GD-R neurons in LHA were compared with the gastric stimulation of optimal parameter. The results showed that GES with the lowest energy parameter（0.3 ms, 3 mA, 20 Hz, 2 s on, 3 s off） activated the least neurons. The effects of GES with other parameters whose pulse width was 0.3 ms were not significantly different from those of the lowest energy parameter. Most gastric stimulations whose pulse width was 3 ms activated more LHA neurons than the smallest energy parameter stimulation, and the effects of those 3 ms gastric stimulations were similar. Accordingly, the lowest energy parameter was recognized as the optimal parameter. The effects of stimulations with the optimal parameter at stomach, duodenum and ileum on the LHA neuronal activities were not different. Collectively, gastrointestinal electrical stimulation（GIES） with relatively large pulse width might have stronger effects to the neuronal activities of GD-R neurons in LHA of obese rats. The effects of the GIES at different locations（stomach, duodenum and ileum） on those neurons are similar, and GES is preferential because of its easy clinical performance and safety.     

Off-line analysis of single-unit neuronal discharge in the globus pallidus region in Parkinson’s disease

Background The accuracy of microelectrode-guided localization can make the operation safe and effective, but only experienced neurosurgeons are capable of performing this operation. A good index to identify neuronal discharges between globus pallidus interna and globus pallidus externa is needed. The aim of this research was to establish a good and practical electrophysiologic index to distinguish neuronal discharge in the interior globus pallidus from neuronal discharge in the exterior globus pallidus region of the brain in Parkinson＇s disease. The effect of neurons having an atypical discharge on successful surgical localization was also quantitatively evaluated Methods The study included 30 patients with primary Parkinson＇s disease who underwent pallidotomy between September 2000 and October 2002. During each pallidotomy, the neuronal discharges in the pallidum and its vicinity were recorded. The recorded spikes were used to calculate the frequency, burst index, pause index, and pause ratio of the single-unit discharge. The interior and exterior globus pallidus regions were compared in terms of frequency, burst index, pause index, and pause ratio. The sensitivity, specificity, false-negative ratio, false-positive ratio, and accuracy of those indices were then evaluated. Results The values of frequency, burst index, pause index, and pause ratio in the interior globus pallidus were （96±43） Hz, 2.31±1.81, 0.05±0.05, and 0.27±0.28, respectively, and in the exterior globus pallidus were （59±27） Hz, 0.88±0.63, 0.20±0.14, and 1.54±1.17, respectively. Use of the four indices to distinguish the two neuron types produced a sensitivity of 0.84, 0.78, 0.77, and 0.93 with a specificity of 0.64, 0.79, 0.88, and 0.87, respectively. The false-positive ratio was 0.36, 0.21, 0.12, and 0.13 and the false-negative ratio was 0.16, 0.22, 0.23, and 0.07 while the accuracy was 0.72, 0.79, 0.80, and 0.90, respectively. Conclusions Pause ratio is a relatively reliable index to distinguish neuronal discharges between the interior and exterior globus pallidus regions in Parkinson＇s disease. The effect of neurons with atypical discharge on the successful surgical localization would be reduced to 10% when the pause ratio is used as the index.     

Changes of Unit Discharge of the Medullary Respiratory Neurons during Apnea

Changes of the neuronal discharge of 128 medullary respiratory unitswere recorded and studied during the period of expiratory apnea induced reflexlyby intracarotid sinus injection of sodium citrate in rabbits.Generally,theneuronal discharge of inspiratory units began,stopped and recovered at the sametime with those of the phrenic nerve.But,about 5% the phase-spanninginspiratory units near the obex showed a different time course with the dischargeof the phrenic nerve.They fired continuously in a low frequency while thephrenic nerve was quiet.When increasing progressively and approaching to acertain level,the firing rate increased abruptly and at the same time phrenic nervebegan to fire.So it seemed that they acted as the pacemaker of inspiration.Comparison of the cycle-triggered histograms(CTH)of these inspiratory unitswith those of phrenic nerve showed clearly the above mentioned phasicrelationship.They started firing before the phrenic nerve,but they reached theirmaximal rate and then declined and stopped quite in accordance with the phrenicnerve.It is,therefore,reasonable to assume that the central mechanism of theswitch from expiratory apnea to inspiration may originate from this kind ofneurons.Most of the expiratory units show tonic discharges during the period of apneawith a higher discharge rate than normal and then the rate decreases just beforerecovery of phrenic firing.In addition,small portion of the expiratory units weredepressed as the phrenic discharge ceased.The function of these two differentkinds of neurons in the mechanism of development of respiratory rhythm is,apparently,different.     

丘脑腹外侧核团细胞电活动与原发性震颤

目的 探讨与原发性震颤(ET)相关的丘脑腹外侧核(Vop和Vim)细胞电活动.方法 以10例ET患者和10例原发性帕金森病(PD)患者为研究对象,在实施立体定向手术的同时采集Vop/Vim细胞电活动和肢体EMG.用单细胞和峰间隔(ISI)分析不同细胞放电模式和频率.结果 发现266个神经元,包括与震颤相关的细胞放电活动(101个),紧张性放电活动(85个)和不规则放电活动(80个).在10个ET患者针道中发现131个神经元,除29.0%与震颤相关的细胞放电活动外,41.2%为紧张性放电活动,平均细胞自发放电频率(MSFR)为(55±21)Hz;29.8%为不规则放电活动,MSFR为(32±17)Hz.在PD患者10个针道中发现135个神经元,除46.7%与震颤相关的放电活动外,23.0%为紧张性放电活动,MSFR为(39±15)Hz;30.3%为不规则放电活动,MSFR为(21±8)Hz.进一步分析发现ET的紧张性和不规则放电活动的MSFR明显高于PD(t分别为2.74,2.72,均P<0.05).另外发现ET的Vop和Vim的MSFR分别为31.4 Hz和59.0 Hz,显著高于PD的Vop和Vim 16.8 Hz和34.5 Hz(t分别为4.43,4.92,均P<0.05).结论 Vim接受来自小脑的投射,Vim神经元放电频率的增加提示ET的病理生理可能与小脑的过度活跃相关.     

Essential tremor: treatment with deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus

Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurological degenerative disorders.Increased evidences indicated that ET is a hereditary of disease.Furthermore,this age-related,progressive disorder is thought to be associated with neuronal loss.1 It has been reported that the sensitivity and specificity of family history given by ET patients are 43.3％ and 94.4％,respectively.2 Recently,deep brain stimulation (DBS) of ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (Vim) has become an established treatment for ET and is widely used in the world,however,so far,no more than dozens of cases have been reported to be treated with this method in the mainland of China.Hereby,we report a Chinese patient with family essential tremor (FET),who was treated with Vim-DBS and had good outcome.     

Paraquat induces selective dopaminergic nigrostriatal degeneration in aging C57BL/6 mice

Background Paraquat （PQ; 1,1 ＇-dimethyl-4,4＇-bipyridinium）, a widely used herbicide that is structurally similar to the known dopaminergic neurotoxicant MPTP （1-methyl-l, 2, 3,6-tetrahydropyridine ）, has been suggested as a potential etiologic factor for the development of Parkinson＇ s disease （PD）. Aging is an accepted risk factor for idiopathic Parkinson＇ s disease. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that paraquat could induce PD-like nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in aging C57BL/6 mice. Methods Senile male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with either saline or PQ at 2-day intervals for a total of 10 doses. Locomotor activity and performance on the pole test were measured 7 days after the last injection and animals were sacrificed one day later. Level of dopamine （DA） and its metabolites levels in the striatum were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector （ HPLCECD）, and numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） positive neurons were estimated using immunohistochemistry. Results Locomotor activities were significantly decreased and the behavioral performance on the pole test were significantly impaired in the PQ treated group. Level of DA and its metabolites levels in the striatum were declined by 8 days after the last injection. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that PQ was associated with a reduction in numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons. Conclusions Long-term repeated exposes to PQ can selectively impair the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of senile mice, suggesting that PQ could play an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson＇ s disease （PD）. Our results also validate a novel model of PD induced by exposure to a toxic environmental agent.     

Effects of serotonin and noradrenaline on neuronal activities of the solitary tract nucleus and its alteration after ketanserin

Effects of serotonin(5-HT)and noradrenaline(NA)on neuronal activities of the sol-itary tract nucleus(NTS)were investigated in rat medullary slice preparations.After perfusingthe slice with 5-HT,the spontaneous discharge was significantly increased in 25(of 43,58.1%)NTS neurons,reduced in 13(30.2%)and not changed in 5(11.7%).After perfusingthe slice with NA,the spontaneous discharge was significantly reduced or even completelyceased in 27(62.8%)neurons,increased in 13(30.2%)and not changed in 3(7%).Therewere 38(88.4%)neurons responding to both 5-HT and NA.From the 38 neurons,21 wereselected for studying the effect of ketanserin.It was found that ketanserin potentiated the ef-fect of NA on spontaneous discharge in 10(47.6%)neurons and attenuated it in 4(19.0%)neurons.These results suggest that there is an interaction between 5-HT receptorand α-adrenoceptor at the NTS level.This interaction may be helpful in explaining themechanism of the central antihypertensive action of ketanserin.     

Effect of deep brain stimulation on substantia nigra neurons in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease

Background  Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, which occurs mainly in the elderly. Recent studies have demonstrated that apoptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of PD. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) has been recognized as an effective treatment for PD. Recent clinical observations have shown that STN-DBS was able to delay early PD progression, and experiments in animal models have also demonstrated a protective effect of STN-DBS on neurons. However, the correlation between the neuron-protective effect of STN-DBS and the progression of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) neuronal apoptosis is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and potential mechanism of STN-DBS on SNc neurons in PD rats.

Methods  After the establishment of a PD rat model by unilateral/2-point injection of 6-hydroxydopamine in the medial forebrain bundle of the brain, DBS by implanting electrodes in the STN was administered. Behavioral changes were observed, and morphological changes of SNc neurons were analyzed by Nissl staining and DNA in situ end-labeling. Through extracellular recording of single neuron discharges and microelectrophoresis, the causes of and changes in SNc excitability during STN-DBS were analyzed, and the protective effect and potential mechanism of action of STN-DBS on SNc neurons in PD rats was investigated.

Results  SNc neuron apoptosis was significantly decreased (P <0.05) in the stimulation group, compared with the sham stimulation PD group. Spontaneous discharges of SNc neurons were observed in normal rats and PD model rats, and the mean frequency of spontaneous discharges of SNc neurons in normal rats ((40.65±11.08) Hz) was higher than that of residual SNc neurons in PD rats ((36.71±9.23) Hz). Electrical stimulation of the STN in rats was associated with elevated excitation in unilateral SNc neurons. However, administering the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor blocker, bicuculline significantly reduced SNc neuron excitation, but the change in SNc neuron excitation was not present when MK801, a glutamate receptor blocker, was administered.

Conclusions  High-frequency stimulation of the STN has a protective effect on SNc neurons in PD rats. The possible molecular mechanism may be related to changes in the distribution and metabolism of neurotransmitters in the SNc region.

     

帕金森病与肌张力障碍患者内苍白球放电活动的特点

目的 探讨帕金森病和肌张力障碍患者内苍白球神经元电活动特点,揭示其病理生理基础.方法 时间对象为13例原发性帕金森病患者和8例原发性肌张力障碍患者,在接受立体定向手术的同时应用微电极记录技术采集内苍白球神经元电活动和肢体EMG.应用单细胞、峰间隔(ISI)、ISI变异系数(CV)等方法探讨神经元放电频率和模式.结果 在帕金森病患者内苍白球中共甄别出108个神经元,除19.4%为与震颤相关的神经元放电活动外,55.6%为紧张性放电活动,平均放电频率为(103.7±25.5)Hz;25.0%为不规则放电活动,平均放电频率为(63.4±16.1)Hz.在肌张力障碍患者内苍白球中甄别出45个神经元,37.8%为紧张性放电活动,平均放电频率为(50.2±19.1)Hz.62.2%为不规则放电活动,平均放电频率为(28.5±10.5)Hz.方差分析显示两组患者内苍白球紧张性、不规则性神经元平均放电频率之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),帕金森病患者内苍白球放电频率明显高于肌张力障碍患者(均P<0.05).结论 内苍白球神经元放电频率的增加与帕金森病相关,而内苍白球神经元放电频率的减少与肌张力障碍相关,支持运动障碍病病理生理假说.     

伴有左旋多巴诱发异常运动的帕金森病患者基底节神经电活动

目的 探讨伴有左旋多巴诱发的异常运动(LID)的帕金森病(PD)患者基底节核团的神经元电活动特点.方法 16例原发性PD患者[其中8例患者伴有严重的LID,帕金森病统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅳ平均评分为6.8±1.5]在接受内苍白球(GPi)毁损术(8例)或丘脑底核(STN)电极埋置术(8例)的同时采集核团细胞电活动和肢体EMG.应用单细胞和峰间隔(ISI)及其变异系数(CV)分析方法探讨不同的细胞放电模式和频率.方差分析和Bonferroni检验比较不同放电模式的神经元的ISI和CV.结果 在22个针道(GPi:8;STN:14)中共甄别出238个神经元,其中22.3%为与肢体震颤相关的放电活动,33.2%为快速的紧张性放电活动和29.0%为不规则放电活动,同时还发现8.0%高度不规则的簇状放电活动和7.6%的低频放电活动.方差分析显示不规则放电活动、高度不规则簇状放电活动和低频放电活动的ISI和CV差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).卡方检验表明高度不规则簇状放电活动和低频放电活动主要存在于伴有LID患者的GPi和STN(P＜0.05).结论 基底节GPi和STN细胞放电频率和模式的改变与LID相关.     

僵直迟缓型帕金森病患者内苍白球放电活动的特点

目的 探讨与帕金森病(PD)僵直迟缓相关的内苍白球(GPi)细胞电活动特点.方法 26例以僵直迟缓为主征PD患者(僵直≥5分,迟缓≥9分)接受了立体定向GPi毁损术.术中应用微电极和肌电(EMG)记录技术采集细胞电活动和肢体EMG.应用单细胞和峰间隔(ISI)分析方法分析细胞放电模式和频率.采用帕金森病统一评分量表运动部分(UPDRS Ⅲ)对患者进行疗效评估.结果 在记录到的237个GPi神经元中,除10.1%(n=24)为与震颤相关的细胞放电活动外,57.4%(n=136)为紧张性放电活动,32.5%(n=77)为不规则放电活动.进一步分析发现,75.7%(n=103)的紧张性放电活动的平均放电频率为(124.1±39.2)Hz,平均峰间隔(ISI)为(8.7±6.9)ms,而其余24.3%(n=33)的神经元显示出相对正常的紧张性放电活动:平均放电频率为(69.5±5.9)Hz,平均ISI间期为(14.4±13.2)ms.同时发现这些不规则的放电活动平均放电频率为(30.2±9.8)Hz,平均ISI间期为(35.6±36.8)ms.方差分析显示高频紧张性放电活动、相对正常的紧张性放电活动、不规则放电活动三者两两比较其放电频率、ISI及ISI系数差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).术后UPDRS显示僵直和迟缓的改善率分别为71.9%和61.8%.结论 GPi存在大量高频紧张性和不规则放电活动提示放电频率和模式的改变可能与PD僵直迟缓的病理生理相关.     

原发性震颤的脑细胞电生理基础及手术治疗

目的 探讨丘脑腹外侧Vim核中与震颤症状相关的神经细胞电活动撮律,总结丘脑切开术治疗原发性震颤(ET)的临床效果和安全性。方法 对42例ET患者行单侧微电极导向丘脑切开术。采用FAHN临床震颤评分法对其中11例患者手术前后进行定量评估和分析。结果 Vim核中神经细胞簇状电活动节律与肢体震颤节律一致,毁损这些与震颤症状相关的神经细胞后,所有ET患者手术对侧肢体的震颤完全消失;震颤整体改善率52％,特殊动作和功能改善率54％,功能残疾改善率77％;长期随访疗效稳定,其中40例患者术后随访已3个月以上,无复发;一过性并发症12例,无永久性并发症发生。结论 丘脑“震颤细胞”与ET患者震颤症状密切相关,毁损这些细胞能完全永久性地消除震颤症状。     

丘脑底核电刺激改善帕金森病症状的电生理基础

目的探讨丘脑底核（STN）细胞电活动、脑深部刺激（DBS）电极触点位置与帕金森病（PD）症状改善的关系。方法19例PD患者在接受STNDBS治疗的同时采集细胞电活动和肢体EMG。应用单细胞分析、相关性检验探讨不同放电模式细胞活动与症状的关系,PD综合量表进行术前和术后疗效评估。结果在278个STN神经元中发现与震颤相关（12．6％）的放电活动多分布在STN上部,而紧张性（32．7％）和不规则（54．7％）放电活动多分布在STN下部,进一步比较STN上下部各类细胞的分布均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对DBS刺激触点的疗效分析发现,上部触点对震颤改善显著,而下部触点对僵直和迟缓的改善明显。结论STN不同放电模式神经元与PD症状有内在联系。     

肌张力障碍和震颤患者丘脑核团微电刺激诱发反应的对比研究

对１６例运动性疾病患者共进行８０６次微电刺激。６例肌张力障碍（ＤＡ）患者３４７个刺激位点中有２９个位点发生运动诱发反应，其中２８个位点驱使肌张力障碍症状加剧，见于丘脑腹内侧核中部（Ｖｉｍ）１４个（５０％）、腹侧核尾部（Ｖｃ）５个（１８％）、脑白质（Ｗｍ）５个（１８％）、腹侧核前方（Ｖｏａ）１个，腹侧核后方（Ｖｏｐ）和丘脑背侧核（Ｄｔｈ）各２个。１０例震颤（ＴＲ）患者４５９个刺激位点中有３８个位点发生运动诱发反应，均为驱使震颤减轻的诱发反应，其中见于Ｖｉｍ３０个（７９％），Ｖｃ５个（１３．２％），Ｖｏｐ２个、Ｄｔｈ１个。所有诱发反应中以感觉异常最常见，ＤＡ１５９个，（４５．８％），ＴＲ２６１个，占４７．１％；疼痛反应在ＤＡ患者的Ｗｍ诱发出１个，温冷和眩晕反应均分别见于Ｖｏｐ、Ｖｉｍ和Ｖｃ；无任何诱发反应ＤＡ１５６个（４５％），ＴＲ２０１个（４３．６％）。     

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for essential tremor

Essential tremor (ET),characterized by a postural and/or kinetic tremor and primarily manifested in the upper extremities,head,and other parts of the body,is one of the most common neurological disorders.1 The traditional target for the neurosurgical treatment of ET,the ventral intermedius nucleus (Vim) of the thalamus,has confirmed that chronic deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective,standard,and primary procedure for ET.However,the loss of tremor suppression due to tolerance of chronic Vim stimulation,accompanied by other adverse effects,such as paresthesias,dysarthria,dysequilibrium,hyperhidrosis,and localized pain,has necessitated changes in the stimulation target in some patients.Therefore,an alternative target for ET stimulation is required.Although targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) also has complications,such as dyskinesia,dysarthria,paresthesias,diplopia,mood changes,depression,and restless leg syndrome,in view of the evidence that STN could be the target for patients with tremors associated with Parkinson's disease (PD),STN was elected in two ET patients in our study with positive effects.Our research is reported to have explored the possibilities of STN-DBS in the treatment of ET.     

丘脑腹外侧核和基底节核团细胞电活动与帕金森病的关系

目的探讨帕金森病患者丘脑腹外侧核（VL）、内侧苍白球（GPi）和丘脑底核（STN）神经元电活动特点与帕金森症状的关系.方法 27例帕金森病患者 （男17例,女10例） 接受了立体定向毁损术治疗,手术靶点分别为：VL （10例）、GPi （10例） 和STN （7例）.术中应用微电极和肌电 （EMG）记录技术同时记录神经元电活动和手术对侧肢体EMG.术前和术后采用帕金森综合评分表（UPDRS） 对患者＂关＂状态的运动功能进行比较.通过单细胞分析方法甄别细胞电活动特点,相关性检验探讨细胞电活动与肢体EMG的关系,同时运用方差分析比较3个核团不同放电模式神经元的数量和帕金森病三大主症的改善.结果从27个针道中甄别出361个神经元,其主要放电模式是：与震颤相关的放电活动 （159个）、高频紧张性放电活动 （134个） 和不规则放电活动 （68个）.其中与震颤相关的簇状放电节律和肢体震颤有相关性（P〈0.01）.方差分析显示VL中与震颤相关的细胞数量与其他两个核团相比差异有统计学意义 （ VL：9.0个/针道、GPi：4.9个/针道和STN：3.0个/针道） （均P〈0.05）,STN中不规则放电神经元的数量与其他两个核团相比差异有统计学意义 （VL：1.4个/针道、GPi：2.8个/针道和STN：3.7个/针道）（均P〈0.05）,而紧张性放电神经元的数量 （VL：4.2个/针道、GPi：6.2个/针道和STN：4.3个/针道） 差异无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）.术后手术对侧肢体的UPDRS评分显示VL、GPi和STN对震颤的改善率分别为91.7%、84.8%和62.7%,对行动迟缓的改善率为36.9%、62.3%和70.8%,对僵直的改善率为56.2%、71.3%和68.8%.方差分析结果显示震颤和行动迟缓的改善率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,其中VL对震颤的改善效果最好,而STN对行动迟缓的改善最明显;但是3个核团对僵直的改善差异无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）.结论VL、GPi和STN中不同的神经元放电模式可能与帕金森病临床症状有内在联系,这为不同症状为主的帕金森病患者选择最佳手术靶点提供了依据.