小切口手法碎核治疗小瞳孔硬核白内障

目的 采用巩膜隧道小切口对小瞳孔硬核白内障患者进行白内障摘除并折叠人工晶状体植入术,观察患者术后的疗效.方法 住院小瞳孔硬核白内障患者57例69只眼,均施行4mm反眉状巩膜隧道切口白内障摘除并折叠人工晶状体植入术,观察术后的视力、散光程度以及并发症等情况.结果 57例(69只眼)中,术后1个月视力0.5以上者46只眼(66.67%),0.8以上者14只眼(20.29%),低于0.25者4只眼(5.8%);术前及术后1d、1周、1月测得角膜平均散光度分别为:(0.34±0.28)D、(0.41±0.32)D、(0.38±0.31)D、(0.36±0.30)D,术后各时间段角膜散光之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与术前散光比较亦无统计学意义(P>0.05);术中后囊破裂5只眼(7.25%),瞳孔缘撕裂6只眼(8.700/0),因损伤小而没有进行处理;术后角膜内皮水肿9只眼(13.04%)、前葡萄膜炎9只眼(13.04%)、虹膜部分粘连4只眼(5.80%)、眼压增高2只眼(2.90%),经对症治疗均7d内消失.结论 在小瞳孔硬核白内障手术中,采用巩膜隧道小切口进行白内障摘除折叠式人工晶状体植入,能有效减少手术并发症,提高手术成功率及术后疗效、降低成本,手术操作步骤简化安全,易于在白内障复明活动中推广.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the effect of new method of nucleus chopping for hard nucleus that over degree Ⅳ in manual small-incision microcoria cataract surgery. Methods All 57 cases(69 eyes)with the hard nucleus of degree Ⅳ-Ⅴ had undergone manual small-incision microcoria cataract surgery with applying intratunnel nucleus chopping method that designed by the author. The vision acuity, astigmatism and complication of postoperative complication had been discussed. Results The visual acuity was ≥ 0.5 in 46 eyes (66.67%), ≥ 0.8 in 14 eyes(20.29%)and <0.25 in 4 eyes(5.80%)one month after operation. After operation cornea astigmatism had none statistics difference(P>0.05)between that of Preoperative. The complications included cornea edema(13.04%), uveitis(13.04%), iris accretion(5.80%), after-cataract(5.80%)and increased tension(2.90%). The complications diminished after symptomatic treatment in one week. Conclusions Scleral-tunnel small incision for hard nucleus in manual small incision microcoria cataract surgery is safe, simple and the less complication. It is virtue of rapid recovery, good outcome and medical expenses.     

国产硅凝胶人工晶状体植入及小切口非超声乳化白内障术分析

Objective To investigate the clinical results of the non-phacoemulsification small incision cataract extraction and silicone intraocular lens implantation, compared to the effect of Chinese-made silicone intraocular lens and imported silicone intraocular lens. Methods Ninety-eight cases (103 eyes) were randomly divided into the small-incision after phacoemulsification and implanted intraocular lens of the domestical Exlen group and imported Cannon Starr group. Vision, anterior chamber inflammation and other complications were observed and recorded 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 6 months after surgery. Results The best corrected visual acuity ≥ 1.0 in 24 eyes (23.53%), best corrected visual acuity ≥0.5 (70.59%), no serious complications occurred.Conclusions The efficacy ofsmall incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation between domestically produced Exlen and imported Cannon Starr silicone intraocular lens is similar.     

Astigmatism following Small Incision Cataract Extraction through Superotemporal Incision

 PURPOSE:To investigate the occurrence of corneal incision-induced astigmatism following small incision extracapsular cataract extraction through a superotemporal incision combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. METHODS: A total of 255 cases (301 eyes) who received small incision extracapsular cataract extraction through a superotemporal incision with IOL implantation in the Department of Ophthalmology, Yuyan District Hospital of Guiyang were enrolled in this clinical trial. Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity and astigmatism were measured. The patients underwent 24-week follow-up. RESULTS: In total, 166 patients (65.1%, 166 eyes) completed follow-up. Astigmatism gradually declined between 1 and 12-week postoperatively, and stabilized after 12 weeks. Among 166 patients, 125 (75.3%) had astigmatism > 0.5 D at 24 weeks post-operatively, showing mostly with-the-rule astigmatism. Visual acuity steadily improved up to 12 weeks, and tended to stabilize subsequently. Over the period of 24-week postoperatively, visual acuity was negatively correlated with astigmatism (r = - 0.691, P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Superotemporal small incision extracapsular extraction combined with IOL implantation is associated with modest astigmatism which declines over the post-operative period.     

Long-term chorioretinal changes following strabismus surgery—possible occult needle penetration

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment resulting from cataract in the population aged ≥50y in Hungary, and to assess the cataract surgical services. METHODS: A rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) was conducted. A total of 3523 eligible people were randomly selected and examined. Each participant underwent surgery for cataract was interviewed with regard to the year, place, and costs of the surgery. Participants with obvious cataract were asked why they had not yet undergone surgery (barriers to surgery). RESULTS: An estimated 12 514 people were bilaterally blind; the visual acuity (VA) in 19 293 people was <6/60, and the VA in 73 962 people was <6/18 in the better eye due to cataract. An estimated 77 933 eyes are blind; 98 067 eyes had a VA of <6/60, and an estimated 277 493 eyes had a VA of <6/18 due to cataract. Almost all cataract surgeries were conducted in government hospitals. The age- and sex-adjusted cataract surgical coverage with VA<3/60 in eyes was 90.0%. The rate of good visual outcome after surgery was 79.5%. Ocular comorbidity was the main cause of poor outcome (78.1%), followed by late complications (such as posterior capsule opacification) (17.2%), inadequate optical correction (3.1%), and surgical complications (1.6%). The main barrier to surgery in people with bilateral cataract and VA of <6/60 was ‘need not felt’. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of visual impairment resulting from cataract is slightly higher than expected. The quality of the cataract surgical service seems adequate in Hungary. However, the number of cataract operations per year should continue to increase due to the increasing patient demands and the aging population.     

Cataract surgery in aged patients: phacoemul-sification or small-incision extracapsular cataract surgery

AIM: To evaluate the effects and safety of phacoemu- lsification (Phaco) or small-incision extracapsular cataract surgery (SICS) and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for aged patients. METHODS: Totally 137 aged patients (149 eyes) underwent cataract operation in the case of stable systemic condition, the blood pressure less than 160/95mmHg, blood glucose less than 8mmol/L, and under the help of electrocardiogram surveillance by anesthesiologists during the operation. 106 aged patients (114 eyes) underwent Phaco while 31 aged patients (35 eyes) underwent SICS. The postoperative visual acuity, corneal endothelial cell loss, surgery time and major complications were observed and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) of ≥0.6 was achieved in 135 eyes (92.6%) at 1 month postoperatively (χ2=259.730, P＜0.001). For aged patients, both Phaco and SICS could significantly improve visual acuity with no significant difference (χ2=4.535,P＞0.05). Postoperative corneal endothelial cell loss was 18.6%, in PHACO group, the rate was 18.5%; in SICS group, the rate was 19.0%, the difference of which was no significant (χ2=0.102, P>0.05). The surgery time was different in two groups. No severe complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Both Phaco and SICS combined with IOL implantation for aged patients are effective and safe. Before surgery, detailed physical examination should be performed. When the systemic condition is stable, cataract surgery for aged patients is safe.     

Cataract surgery in aged patients:phacoemul-sification or small-incision extracapsular cataract surgery

AIM:To evaluate the effects and safety of phacoemu-lsification(Phaco) or small-incision extracapsular cataract surgery(SICS) and intraocular lens(IOL) implantation for aged patients.METHODS:Totally 137 aged patients(149 eyes) underwent cataract operation in the case of stable systemic condition,the blood pressure less than 160/95mmHg,blood glucose less than 8mmol/L,and under the help of electrocardiogram surveillance by anesthesiologists during the operation.106 aged patients(114 eyes) underwent Phaco while 31 aged patients(35 eyes) underwent SICS.The postoperative visual acuity,corneal endothelial cell loss,surgery time and major complications were observed and analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:The best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) of ≥0.6 was achieved in 135 eyes(92.6%) at 1 month postoperatively(χ2=259.730,P<0.001).For aged patients,both Phaco and SICS could significantly improve visual acuity with no significant difference(χ2=4.535,P>0.05).Postoperative corneal endothelial cell loss was 18.6%,in PHACO group,the rate was 18.5%;in SICS group,the rate was 19.0%,the difference of which was no significant(χ2=0.102,P >0.05).The surgery time was different in two groups.No severe complications occurred.CONCLUSION:Both Phaco and SICS combined with IOL implantation for aged patients are effective and safe.Before surgery,detailed physical examination should be performed.When the systemic condition is stable,cataract surgery for aged patients is safe.     

Sulcus Transscleral Intraocular Lens Suture Fixation through Small Scleral Tunnel Incision

Purpose:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of sulcus transscleral intraocular lens suture fixation with small incision through scleral tunnel in eyes the with posterior capsule defect or insufficient zonula support. Methods:Thirty nine eyes with severe posterior capsule defect and zonula damages caused by small-incision cataract surgery,and those with capsule absence or intraocular lens dislocation were selected in this investigation from February 2007 to December 2009.Sulcus transscleral intraocular lens suture combined with puncture needle-guided external approach and."one- or two-point fixation" method in the small sclera tunnel incision were employed. Results:The mean follow-up was 12.1 months (range from 3 to 28 months). Six eyes were complicated by some eye diseases postoperatively.The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in other 34 eyes.(87.17%).All eyes with secondary IOL fixation presented equal or better naked visual acuity than best-corrected visual acuity best-corrected preoperatively.No intraoperative and postoperative complications such as hemorrhage, retinal detachment, intraocular lens tilt and decentration occurred. Conclusion:Sulcus transscleral intraocular lens suture fixation via small sclera tunnel incision was easy to operate and master,required less operative time,and made primary intraocular lens fixation more effective in eyes with posterior capsule defect or insufficient zonula support in small sclera tunnel incision surgery.In addition,the technique was safe and effcacious for secondary intraocular lens fixation.     

The Preliminary Clinical Observation of Array Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation

Purpose :To evaluate the clinical effects of implantation of Array multifocal intraocular lenses.Methods : Thirty-one cases (37 eyes) of cataract patients, including 15 males(19 eyes) and 16 females(18 eyes), were involved in this study. All patients underwent standard phacoemulsification with Array multifocal intraocular lens implantation. The complications during operation, postoperative distant visual acuity, near visual acuity, corneal curvature and visual symptoms were observed.Results : the mean value of best postoperative visual acuity was recorded as follows: uncorrected distant visual acuity was 0. 8, the best-corrected distant visual acuity was 0. 9, uncorrected near visual acuity was 0. 5, near visual acuity with distant-corrected was 0. 6, the best-corrected near visual acuity wss 0. 9. The astigmatism of cornea was less than 1. 5 D pre-operatively and post-operatively. One patient complained of glare. Conclusion :Array multifocal intraocular lens can provide good distant and near visual acui     

Assessment of visual outcomes of cataract surgery in Tujia nationality in Xianfeng County, China

AIM: To evaluate the visual outcome and factors influencing visual outcome of manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) in the rural area in the Xianfeng County. METHODS: Eighty-two eyes of 82 patients who underwent cataract surgery performed by using MSICS technique were identified. Data collected included each patient’s age, gender, the level of education. Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA) at presentation and at 1, 6, 8wk postoperatively, pre-existing eye disease, operative findings and complications, the risk factors were evaluated. RESULTS: In 82 patients, the average age was 69.6±0.6y, illiterate were 52 (63.4%). Of 82 eyes, pseudophakia was present in 77 eyes (93.9%). At 1wk postoperatively, 47 eyes (57.3%) had the UDVA of ≥6/18, and 52 eyes (63.4%) had the CDVA of ≥6/18. At 6 to 8wk postoperatively, 50 eyes (61.0%) had UDVA of ≥6/18, and 57 eyes (69.5%) had the CDVA of ≥6/18. Postoperative visual status was significantly related to the co-morbidities, such as corneal pathology, glaucoma (P<0.001). Operative complications, such as posterior capsule opacity and cystoid macular edema were main operative cause for the poor visual outcome. CONCLUSION: MSICS provides a good visual recovery in our study but the vision outcome did not fulfill the standards proposed by WHO, which highlights the need for an improvement in local socioeconomic understanding, population education and surgery quality.     

On the nature and the role of the subsurface vesicles in the outer epithelial cells of the conjunctiva.

The layer of the tear film in contact with the conjunctiva is mucus. This mucus comes from two sources, the conjunctival goblet cells and the subsurface vesicles. These vesicles are found just below the surface of the conjunctival cells. They contain long chain mucus glycoprotein molecules that are joined to the vesicle membrane. The vesicles fuse with the surface membrane of the conjunctival cells and expose their mucus glycoprotein chains to the overlying mucus. Chemical and physical bonds between the two types of mucus help to bind the mucus layer to the conjunctiva. The vesicle membrane becomes incorporated in the cell membrane and supplies the membranes for the microvilli that cover the exposed surface.