生物陶瓷涂层材料的研究进展

目的本文对生物陶瓷涂层材料的研究进展进行综述.方法介绍了生物陶瓷涂层的制备方法,并着重对生物惰性涂层和生物活性涂层的研究工作进行评述.结果近几十年来生物陶瓷涂层发展较快,新方法和新材料不断呈现.结论发展兼具优良生物学性能和力学性能的新涂层材料,是目前研究的趋势.     

生物陶瓷涂层材料的研究进展

目的 本文对生物陶瓷涂层材料的研究进展进行综述。方法 介绍了生物陶瓷涂层的制备方法，并着重对生物惰性涂层和生物活性涂层的研究工作进行评述。结果 近几十年来生物陶瓷涂层发展较快，新方法和新材料不断呈现。结论 发展兼具优良生物学性能和力学性能的新涂层材料，是目前研究的趋势。     

宽带激光熔覆工艺参数对梯度生物陶瓷复合涂层组织与烧结性的影响

采用宽带激光熔覆技术,在T i-6A l-4V合金上制备了梯度生物陶瓷复合涂层,并研究了宽带激光熔覆工艺参数对梯度生物陶瓷涂层显微组织与烧结性的影响。结果表明:当光斑尺寸D、扫描速度V不变时,随着输出功率P的增加,生物陶瓷涂层的致密度逐渐下降;随着输出功率P的增加,生物陶瓷层中的孔隙率逐渐增大。当P=2.3 KW时,生物陶瓷层中组织致密,孔隙率低(5.11%),当P=2.9 KW时,生物陶瓷涂层组织致密度差,孔隙率高达21.32%。生物陶瓷涂层显微硬度分析表明,P=2.3 KW时,显微硬度最高值约为1 100 HV。本实验条件下,宽带激光熔覆梯度生物陶瓷复合涂层的最佳工艺参数为P=2.3 KW,V=145 mm/m in,D=16mm×2mm。     

钛基植人物生物陶瓷涂层的研究进展

医用钛合金材料属于生物惰性材料,广泛应用于硬组织的替换与修复领域.采用表面改性技术在钛基材料表面制成生物陶瓷涂层可改善钛基材料的生物活性和生物相容性.羟基磷灰石涂层已在临床上获得应用,但使用效果仍然受其较低的结合强度和结晶度所制约.为了获得综合性能更好的植入材料,制备了多种新型生物陶瓷涂层,其具有良好的生物活性、较好的...     

纯钛表面激光合成钙磷生物陶瓷涂层的组成与结构

目的 采用廉价的CaCO_3和CaHPO_4·2H_2O作为原料,在激光的作用下通过反应制备HA生物陶瓷涂层。方法 利用X射线衍射仪和电子探针分析仪对涂层进行相分析、组织观察和成分分析。结果CaCO_3和CaHPO_4·2H_2O按20:80的质量比混合时,在功率为600W、扫描速度为3.5mm/s的激光作用下可一步合成钙磷生物陶瓷涂层。结论 在一定实验条件下,CaCO_3和CaHPO_4·2H_2O可合成组织致密、结合状态良好的钙磷生物陶瓷涂层。     

钛基激光涂覆生物陶瓷涂层的生物相容性

TC4基激光涂覆生物陶瓷涂层具有良好的生物相容性及成骨性能 ,无组织增生、坏死及其他排斥反应。该涂层组织细小 ,具一定程度择优取向 ,涂层与基体为化学冶金结合等特征 ,它们对骨组织的生物结合及稳定提供了有利条件     

生物陶瓷复合材料的研究

本文采用化学共沉淀法制备了羟基磷灰石 (HAP)和二氧化锆 (ZrO2 )超细粉。以此为原料 ,通过不同材料的优化组合 ,采用烧结法制备了HAP ZrO2 二元体系及HAP ZrO2 BG三元体系复合生物陶瓷材料 ,并通过XRD、FTIR、TEM、SEM等测试手段揭示了材料的矿物组成及显微结构。研究结果表明 :复合生物陶瓷材料具有较好的力学性能、化学稳定性、生物相容性 ,是一种很有应用前景的复合型生物陶瓷材料。     

稀土在激光涂覆生物陶瓷涂层中的行为与分布

在金属基材上利用等离子喷涂、焙烧等技术获得金属-生物活性陶瓷表面复合材料,因既具金属的强度、韧性,又具表面生物陶瓷良好的生物活性,故成为硬组织植入材料而受到极大关注[1]。但众所周知,等离子喷涂生物陶瓷涂层与基体的界面结合以机械咬合为主,且组织形貌与活体硬组织相差很大,它必然影响植入材料的生物相容性及其寿命。本课题组利用稀土的掺杂,在钛合金基材上,用激光涂覆工艺成功地获得含羟基磷灰石(HA)的钙磷基生物陶瓷涂层[2],不仅使HA等的合成与涂覆同步形成,简化了工艺,且涂层与基体的结合为化学冶金结合。而稀土的掺杂,对金属…     

光固化快速成型双管道镁合金/生物陶瓷复合增强骨支架的力学性能研究

针对多孔生物陶瓷骨支架力学强度差的问题,结合生物可降解镁合金良好的力学性能,提出了一种制备双管道镁合金/生物陶瓷复合增强骨支架的方法。首先设计具有互不连通双管道的支架结构,然后利用光固化快速成型结合凝胶注模法制备具有双管道的生物陶瓷支架,再利用低压铸造法向双管道生物陶瓷支架的次级管道中灌注熔化的AZ31镁合金,镁合金固化后即得到镁合金/生物陶瓷复合骨支架。支架压缩实验测得单管道生物陶瓷支架的压缩强度为(9.76±0.64)MPa,而镁合金/生物陶瓷复合骨支架的压缩强度为(17.25±0.88)MPa。镁合金/生物陶瓷复合骨支架具有明显的力学增强能力。     

生物陶瓷在骨科的应用

生物陶瓷具有良好生物相容性 ,在骨科中广泛应用。通过控制其制备过程可改变生物陶瓷的理化性能以达到不同的应用目的。本文对生物陶瓷在骨科的临床应用作一介绍     

Processing-microstructure-property relations in HVOF sprayed calcium phosphate based bioceramic coatings

Hydroxyapatite (HA) based bioceramic coatings were deposited onto titanium alloy substrates using the high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray technique. This study aimed to reveal the relations among processing parameters, microstructure, and properties of the bioceramic coatings. The processing conditions were altered through changing the starting HA powder size, content of bioinert ceramic additives or composite powder preparation techniques. Coating structure was characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM); and the mechanical properties, Young's modulus and fracture toughness, of the coatings were evaluated through indentation techniques. Results demonstrated dominant influence of the melt state of HA powders on the phase composition of resultant coatings, and it was found that the HVOF HA coatings possess competitive mechanical properties. Furthermore, addition of titania or zirconia, as secondary phase in HA, showed promising effect on improving the mechanical properties of the HVOF HA-based coatings. Chemical reactions between HA and titania; and, HA and zirconia during coating deposition were revealed and characterized. Incorporation modes of the additives into HA and their reinforcing mechanisms were elucidated. The relationship among the processing, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the HVOF sprayed bioceramic coatings was summarily examined.     

Magnesium-sputtered titanium for the formation of bioactive coatings

Osteoconductive coatings may improve the clinical performance of implanted metallic biomaterials. Several low-temperature coating methods have been reported where a supersaturated solution is used to deposit typically apatitic materials. However, due to the very low solubility of apatite, the concentration of calcium and phosphate ions attainable in a supersaturated solution is relatively low (～1–2 mM), thus coating formation is slow, with several solution changes required to form a uniform and clinically relevant coating. In order to avoid this problem, we present a novel method where substrates were initially sputter coated with pure magnesium metal and then immersed in differing phosphate solutions. In this method, upon immersion the implant itself becomes the source of cations and only the anions to be incorporated into the coating are present in solution. These ions react rapidly, forming a continuous coating and avoiding problems of premature non-localized precipitation. The different coatings resulting from varying the phosphate solutions were then characterized in terms of morphology and composition by microscopy and chemical analyses. Upon immersion of the sputter-coated metals into ammonium phosphate solution, it was found that a uniform struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O) coating was formed. Upon subsequent immersion into a calcium phosphate solution, stable coatings were formed. The coated surfaces also enhanced both osteoblastic cellular adhesion and cell viability compared to bare titanium. The concept of sputter-coating a reactive metal to form an adherent inorganic metal coating appears promising in the field of developing rapid-forming low-temperature bioceramic coatings.     

Dissolution/reprecipitation of calcium phosphate thin films produced by ion beam sputter deposition technique

The dissolution, reprecipitation and protein adsorption properties of amorphous CaP bioceramic thin films produced with an ion beam sputter deposition technique using hydroxyapatite (HA) and fluorapatite (FA) as starting materials were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with attenuated total internal reflectance (ATR). Our studies showed that these amorphous CaP coatings dissolved to a greater extent when exposed to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in saline solution when compared to a protein free saline solution. Analysis of changes in infrared spectra revealed that coatings exposed to BSA solution exhibited a higher degree of crystalline structure after dissolution/reprecipitation than those exposed to saline alone. There was the indication that the association of inorganic and organic contents was achieved on the coating surface in BSA solution. We could detect no significant difference between the coatings produced from HA and FA targets.     

医用镍钛形状记忆合金羟基磷灰石涂层的制备及其生物活性

背景：目前多采用等离子喷涂技术在钛及其合金表面涂覆羟基磷灰石涂层,制备成复合材料。但由于羟基磷灰石与钛合金基体的热膨胀系数相差较大,涂层在冷却过程中易产生脱落。 目的：在医用镍钛形状记忆合金表面制备致密、均匀的羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层,利用动物实验考查镍钛/羟基磷灰石涂层材料的生物相容性。 方法：利用阴极旋转法在低温条件下从含钙、磷离子的电解水溶液中在镍钛形状记忆合金表面沉积了磷酸钙涂层,经碱处理获得羟基磷灰石涂层。分析工艺参数对涂层结构的影响。利用动物植入实验对该复合材料的生物活性进行研究,并与镍钛/羟基磷灰石与Ca₃(PO₃)₂•2H2O混合涂层复合材料、医用镍钛形状记忆合金、医用钛合金进行对比。 结果与结论：电化学沉积-碱处理方法适合在镍钛形状记忆合金表面制备羟基磷灰石生物活性陶瓷涂层,沉积电压、温度对涂层结构有强烈影响。4种不同材料植入动物体内后周围均出现不同程度的组织增生,在骨膜组织切片中都可见软骨细胞且有骨小梁形成,涂覆有羟基磷灰石涂层的植入材料组织反应较轻,相应的组织切片中所显示出的软骨细胞、骨小梁数量最多,分布均匀,表明羟基磷灰石涂层提高了医用镍钛形状记忆合金的生物活性。         

掺杂不同离子的羟基磷灰石涂层研究现状

羟基磷灰石作为天然骨的无机组分,是良好的生物陶瓷材料,被广泛应用于惰性支架的表面改良.但在天然骨中,羟基磷灰石往往掺杂了众多离子,而这些离子对骨的新陈代谢起着一系列的作用.研究表明,离子掺杂可以有效地提高羟基磷灰石涂层的生物相容性与功能性,进而增强植入材料与骨的结合,促进周边骨组织的生长.概述了离子掺杂羟基磷灰石涂层的研究现状,并分别叙述了阳离子镁、锶、锌、锰、铜、银及阴离子硅酸根、碳酸根、氟的掺杂对于羟基磷灰石涂层的影响,对离子掺杂羟基磷灰石涂层的发展方向进行了展望.     

Characterization and in vitro evaluation of biphasic calcium pyrophosphate-tricalciumphosphate radio frequency magnetron sputter coatings

The objective of this study was to characterize the physicochemical, dissolution, and osteogenic properties of radio frequency magnetron sputtered dicalcium pyrophosphate/tricalciumphosphate (Pyro/TCP) and hydroxylapatite (HA) coatings. Therefore Pyro/TCP and HA coatings were deposited on grit-blasted titanium discs. The results showed that the deposited coatings were amorphous and changed into a crystalline structure after IR heat-treatment of 550 degrees C for HA and 650 degrees C for Pyro/TCP. Heat-treated HA coatings appeared to be stable during immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), that is no changes in the XRD pattern were observed. Also, no dissolution of the coating was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed that the Ca/P ratio of the HA coatings remained constant during SBF immersion. On the other hand, the heat-treated Pyro/TCP coatings showed a surface reaction of calcium pyrophosphate into a beta-tricalcium phosphate phase during SBF immersion. This was confirmed by EDS analysis. Rat bone marrow-derived osteoblast-like cells cultured on the heat-treated substrates showed that cell proliferation and differentiation occurred on both types of bioceramic coatings. No significant differences for proliferation and early differentiation were observed between cells cultured on heat-treated Pyro/TCP and HA at individual time points. However, osteocalcin expression, a late marker for osteoblast-like cell differentiation, was significantly increased after 12 days of culture on HA-coatings. These results were confirmed by SEM observations and suggest increased osteogenic properties for HA-coatings over Pyro/TCP-coatings. Additional research is necessary to obtain conclusive evidence on the in vivo osteogenic capacity of Pyro/TCP coatings.     

Study of Structure of Bioceramic Coatings Obtained by Plasma Spraying of Hydroxyapatites of Synthetic and Biological Origins

The structure of the bioceramic coatings obtained by plasma spraying of hydroxyapatites (HA) of synthetic and biological origins was studied. The HA materials and coatings were tested using X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, electronic raster imaging, and analysis of elemental composition. Accumulation of nanoparticles in the form of face-centered rods was demonstrated.     

Fluoridated apatite coatings on titanium obtained by electron-beam deposition

In this report, a series of fluoridated apatite coatings were obtained by the electron-beam deposition method. The fluoridation of the apatite was aimed to improve the stability of the coating and elicit the fluorine effect, which is useful in the dental restoration area. Apatites fluoridated at different levels were used as initial evaporants for the coatings. The as-deposited coatings were amorphous, but after heat treatment at 500 degrees C for 1 h, the coatings crystallized well to an apatite phase without forming any cracks. The adhesion strengths of the as-deposited coatings were about 40 MPa. After heat treatment at 500 degrees C, the strengths of the pure HA and FA coatings decreased to about 20 MPa, however, the partially fluoridated coatings maintained their initial strength. The dissolution rate of the fluoridated coatings was lower than that of the pure HA coating, and the rate was the lowest in the coatings with 25% and 50% fluorine substitutions. The osteoblast-like cells responded to the coatings in a similar manner to the dissolution behavior. The cells on the fluoridated coatings showed a lower (p < 0.05) proliferation level compared to those on the pure HA coating. The alkaline phosphatase activity of the cells was slightly lower than that on the pure HA coating, but this difference was not statistically significant.