正常人多组右胸导联心电图的对比研究

目的 评价正常人的多组右胸导联心电图的特征。方法 对２１０例正常空勤人员的常规、头胸、胸腹３组右胸导联进行检测对比。结果 （１）伪性Ｑ波在头胸导联（ＨＣ）出现率最低，即ＨＣ的Ｖ１－３Ｒ无Ｑ波，Ｖ４－５ＲＱ波占２％，Ｖ６Ｒ占７％；（２）常规右胸、ＨＣ导联ＳＴＶ３Ｒ≥０．１ｍＶ分别为８％和３％，ＳＴＶ４－６Ｒ均在正常范围；９３）ＨＣ的ＴＶ１－６多数直立（８５－６７％）。结论 正常人３组右胸导联心电图的     

头胸导联右胸心电图诊断急性右室梗塞的价值

选择急性下壁合并右室梗塞（依据血液动力学诊断）患者３４例，比较其同部位、同时间右胸Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ导联（Ｖ３Ｒ～Ｖ７Ｒ）和头胸导联（ＨＶ３Ｒ～ＨＶ７Ｒ）的心电图，探讨后者诊断急性右室梗塞的价值。首次记录心电图的时间为发病１０（平均４±２．８）ｈ２４例（Ａ组），超过１０（平均３１±１６．８）ｈ１０例（Ｂ组），两组Ｖ５Ｒ～Ｖ７Ｒ、ＨＶ５Ｒ～ＨＶ７Ｒ导联病理性Ｑ波出现率均为１００％。Ｖ４Ｒ（ＨＶ４Ｒ）或Ｖ７Ｒ（ＨＶ７Ｒ）ＳＴ段抬高≥０．１ｍＶ者，Ａ组为１００％，Ｂ组Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ导联为６０％、头胸导联为１００％。头胸导联ＳＴ段抬高幅度高于Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ导联０．０５～０．１５ｍＶ；头胸导联不仅ＱＲＳ－Ｔ波群呈现急性损伤期向充分发展期的衍变与ａＶＦ导联一致，并且ＳＴ段抬高持续的时间也与ａＶＦ导联一致，此特征有利于急性右室梗塞的诊断。     

无创性电生理检查对阵发性室上性心动过速的评价

为探索无创性电生理检查对阵发性室上性心动过速（ＰＳＶＴ）类型的鉴别价值，采用Ｖ１导联Ｐ波（Ｐｖ１）和体表右胸导联Ｐ波（ＰＲＡＭ），反映右房激动电位；４个单极食管导联（ＰＶＥ）和一个双极食管导联Ｐ波（ＰＶＥＢ），反映左房激动电位。通过以上导联同步描记来观察左、右心房激动顺序，应用食管心房调搏的方法，基本可区别房室结折返和房室折返性心动过速以及其它形式的ＰＳＶＴ。     

135例冠心病患者双峰P波及其临床意义

对１３５例（冠心病４５例，风心病４８例，其它４２例）心电图作分析，探讨异常双峰Ｐ波及异常Ｖ１导联Ｐ波终末向量（Ｐｔｆｖｆ１）的发生及其临床意义，以Ｐ波双峰间路≥０．０４ｓ，Ｐｔｆｖ１≤－０．０３ｍｍ．ｓ为异常标准。结果：（１）冠心病组（Ａ组）异常与风心病组（Ｂ组）比较，其振幅（０．１３４±０．０３８）ｍＶ比（０．１６９±０．０５１）ｍＶ，Ｐ〈０．０５，时间（１１０±８０）ｍｓ比（１１８±８９）ｍｓ，Ｐ〈０．０５，Ｐｔｆｖ１（０．０３２±０．２５）ｍｍ．ｓ比（０．０４９±０．０３２）ｍｍ．ｓ，Ｐ〈０．０１测值均较小。（２）Ａ组异常呈动态变化比Ｂ组多见（８０％比１２．５％，Ｐ〈０．０１）；（３）Ａ组形态（前峰＝后峰及前峰〈后峰）在胸导联比Ｂ组多（４０．０％比１２．５％，Ｐ〈０．０１），肢导联相反（４．４％比５０％     

急性低氧油酸肺损伤表面活性物质相关蛋白表达的变化

急性低氧油酸肺损伤表面活性物质相关蛋白表达的变化崔社怀郭先健表面活性物质相关蛋白（ＳＰ）Ａ、Ｂ和Ｃ（ＳＰ－Ａ、ＳＰ－Ｂ、ＳＰ－Ｃ）ｍＲＮＡ在急性低氧油酸肺损伤中的表达及调控，国内外尚未见报道。故我们对肺损伤时ＳＰ－Ａ、ＳＰ－Ｂ和ＳＰ－ＣｍＲＮＡ表达与...     

周围血白细胞的复制型丙型肝炎病毒RNA的检测及临床意义

用简并引物作套式反转录。聚合酶链反应检测正、负链丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）ＲＮＡ。显示３０例急、慢性丙型肝炎患者的血清及血浆中，７例无症状抗－ＨＣＶ阳性者的血清、血浆及周围血白细胞（ＰＢＬ／Ｃ）中，均未检出负链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ。慢性丙型肝炎者ＰＢＩ（中正、负链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的检出率高于急性丙型肝炎及无症状抗－ＨＣＶ阳性者（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１）。１７例经肝组织学检查的患者中，急性肝炎（ＡＨ）者ＰＢＬ／Ｃ的正、负链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ检出率低于慢性活动性肝炎（ＣＡＨ）者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。１例ＡＨ及６例ＣＡＨ患者肝组织内正、负链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ全部阳性。证实丙型肝炎患者的ＰＢＬ／Ｃ确可被ＨＣＶ感染，病程越长，被ＨＣＶ感染的可能性越大；病情活动者，ＰＢＬ／Ｃ中负链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的检出率越高。提示ＨＣＶ不仅可以感染ＰＢＬＣ，而且可在其中复制；负链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的出现与病情活动有关。     

头胸导联对右胸导联Q波意义的判别作用

对２９例常规Ｖ１导联中有Ｑ（ｑ）波者，以核素检查结果为标准化较常规导联Ｖ１，头胸导联ＨＶ１及心向量图在上术判别中的价值。结果发现与核素结果相比符合率以ＶＣＧ－Ｚ轴为最高（９０％），ＨＶ１次之（６９％），Ｖ１最低（４８％），特异性以ＶＣＧ－Ｚ轴最高（８８％），ＨＶ１次之（７１％），Ｖ１（２４％）最低。研究认为在判别右胸导联Ｑ波意义上，ＨＶ１导联比Ｖ１导联为优，在诊断病理性Ｑ波上有较大意义。     

右位心脏合并室内阻滞及一度房室传导阻滞1例

患者男 ,3 6岁。心前区疼痛 2年 ,来我院就诊。查体 :神清 ,呼吸平稳 ,心率 70次 ｍｉｎ ,ＢＰ 12 8 90ｍｍＨｇ ,心底部有Ⅲ级收缩期杂音 ,双肺无罗音。心电图 (ＥＣＧ)如图Ａ :按常规联接线描记 ,其特征为 ,导联Ⅰ、ａＶＬ中ＱＲＳ -Ｔ波均倒置 ,Ｐ波直立 ;导联ａＶＲ中ＱＲＳ -Ｔ波直立 ,Ｐ波倒置 ;导联ａＶＦ较符合常态 ;胸壁导联Ｖ1 呈ｒＳ型 ,Ｖ2 ～Ｖ6 均为ＱＳ型。Ｂ图 :将左右上肢的导联反接 ,其心电图迥异于Ａ ,导联Ⅰ、ａＶＬ中ＱＲＳ-Ｔ波均直立 ,Ｐ波倒置 ;导联ａＶＲ中ＱＲＳ -Ｔ波均倒置 ,Ｐ波直立 ;导联Ⅱ、Ⅲ恰好相反。再…     

100例16—18岁健康女生头胸导联与常规导联右胸心电图对比分析

对１００例１６－１８岁健康女生的ＨＣ导联与常规导联右胸心图进行对比分析。结果显示：ＨＣ导联的Ｐ，ＱＲＳ，Ｔ振幅均明显大于常规导联。且ＨＣ导联的ＱＲＳ形态在右胸多呈正向，有Ｒ波逐渐递增，Ｓ波逐渐递减的规律。Ｔ波多数正向。而常规导联的ＱＲＳ形态多数为负向，且振幅小，Ｔ波多数低平或倒置。故认为：ＨＣ导在反映右室的心电变化方向优于常规导常。     

老年人红细胞膜唾液酸含量与红细胞免疫功能的相关性

目的探讨老年人红细胞膜唾液酸（ＲＢＣｍ－ＳＡ）与红细胞免疫功能的相关性。方法采用Ｂｉａｌｓｃｈｅ试剂法检测ＲＢＣｍ－ＳＡ，Ｆ－８８３６化学比色法检测血浆唾液酸（Ｐ－ＳＡ），红细胞免疫粘附试验观察红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率（ＲＲＣＦ）。结果老年急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）组和脑梗塞（ＡＣＩ）组的ＲＢＣｍ－ＳＡ分别为３０．８±４．３和３１．３±４．４μｇＮＡＮＡ／ｍｇ膜蛋白，ＲＲＣＦ分别为１６．７％±３．５％和１６．０％±３．６％，均低于老年对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１或０．０５），老年对照组均低于非老年对照组（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＡＭＩ和ＡＣＩ患者的Ｐ－ＳＡ分别为２．４±０．４和２．４±０．３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，均高于老年对照组（均为Ｐ＜０．０５），老年对照组则高于非老年对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。老年患者和老年对照组的ＲＢＣｍ－ＳＡ与ＲＲＣＦ均呈正相关，而ＲＢＣｍ－ＳＡ与Ｐ－ＳＡ均呈负相关。结论老年人红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率降低与ＲＢＣｍ－ＳＡ代谢障碍有关。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.