Parotid gland tumors: a retrospective study of 154 patients

IntroductionBenign tumors of the parotid gland comprise the majority of salivary gland tumors.ObjectiveTo review the clinical characteristics of parotid gland tumors submitted to surgical treatment by the same surgeon.MethodsRetrospective study with 154 patients who had parotid gland tumors. Clinical and histological data, type of surgery, and complications were assessed and described.ResultsThe main manifestation was a mass with a median evolution of 12 months for benign tumors and five months for malignant tumors. Ultrasonography was the most frequent complementary exam. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common of the benign tumors, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most frequent malignant tumor. Superficial parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve was the most common surgical procedure and reversible paresis of branches of the facial nerve was the most common complication.ConclusionsPleomorphic adenoma is the most common parotid gland tumor and superficial parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve is the most common and appropriate treatment for most low-morbidity tumors.     

Minor salivary gland tumors of the palate: Clinical and pathologic correlates of outcome

Minor salivary gland tumors of the palate are rare and may pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for the head and neck surgeon. The authors reviewed their 46 years of experience with minor salivary gland tumors of the palate to determine the factors that influence outcome and their implications for treatment. Malignant tumors were seen in 116 patients (78%) and benign tumors were found in 33 patients (22%). Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor, occurring in 43 patients, and pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign tumor, occurring in 30 patients. Univariate analysis on the malignant lesions showed that grade 3 tumor histology (P<.001), tumor size greater than 3 cm (P<.001), perineural invasion (P=.031), bone invasion (P=.012), positive surgical margins (P<.001), and positive initial but negative final margins (P=.004) were all associated with decreased survival. With multivariate analysis, tumor size, margin status, and grade were shown to be independently associated with decreased survival (P<.05). The recurrence rate at the primary site was significantly higher for adenoid cystic carcinoma than for other histologies (P=.0059). The 2-, 5-, and 10-year disease-specific survival rates for patients with malignant disease were 96%, 87%, and 80%, respectively. Wide surgical excision with adequate margins is essential for a favorable outcome in patients with malignant minor salivary gland tumors. Postoperative radiotherapy is reserved for patients with grade 3 tumor histology, large primary lesions, perineural invasion, bone invasion, cervical lymph node metastasis, and positive margins, although a clear-cut survival advantage has not been proven. Recurrence, especially regional and distant metastasis, portends an extremely poor prognosis. Laryngoscope, 105:1155-1160, 1995     

Laryngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma in a child: a case report

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant tumor of the major and minor salivary glands. Because it grows very slowly, it is often diagnosed at a late stage. The combination of a delayed diagnosis and the tumor's propensity for early perineural and hematologic spread increases the risk of local recurrence and systemic metastasis, often many years after the primary tumor has been diagnosed and treated. Only 80 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the larynx have been previously reported in the literature. We report a new case of laryngeal subglottic adenoid cystic carcinoma in a 12-year-old boy.     

Total rhinectomy for nasal carcinomas

IntroductionTotal rhinectomy is an uncommon procedure for the treatment of nasal malignancies, usually reserved for locally advanced tumors. There are few case series studying total rhinectomy in the literature, reporting conflicting results about recurrence and metastasis.ObjectiveEvaluate prognosis of total rhinectomy cases for malignant neoplasia in our institution.MethodsRetrospective review from January 2013 to September 2018, including all patients undergoing total rhinectomy in our Institution, under the care of the Head and Neck surgical team.ResultsTen patients were included, two men and eight women. The mean patient age was 71.6 years old. The majority had nasal skin (8 cases) carcinomas. Squamous cell carcinoma was present in seven cases. In total, six cases had regional metastasis, in a median period of 14.3 months. The overall mortality and disease specific mortality was 50% and 30%, respectively, in a median follow-up of 45.7 months.ConclusionWe observed high overall and disease-specific mortality among cases with advanced nasal malignancies undergoing total rhinectomy.     

Stromal and epithelial syndecan-1 expression in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors: which is more reflective of behavior?

IntroductionSalivary gland tumors are a diverse group of lesions, with various origins and extremely different behaviors, leading to a variety of outcomes for patients. Therefore, the need to discover novel markers with the ability to predict the behavior of benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms is crucial. Syndecan-1 is a cell-surface protein with significant roles in various aspects of tumor function. Its expression in salivary gland neoplasms, especially their stromal component, has not been investigated.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the immunopositivity of syndecan-1 in epithelial and stromal components of salivary gland neoplasms and to compare it between benign and malignant subtypes in addition to evaluating its correlation with clinicopathologic parameters.Methods133 salivary gland tumors were immunohistochemically stained with syndecan-1 and the intensity and percentage of this protein was determined, compared between the tumors and correlated with clinicopathologic factors.ResultsStatistical analysis of lesions with a sufficient sample size showed significant differences in percentage and intensity between both epithelial and stromal components of all tumors (p < 0.05). Pairwise-comparisons demonstrated significantly higher staining-percentage of epithelial cells (p = 0.02) in Warthin’s tumor compared to pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Similarly, significantly higher staining intensities and/or percentages was observed in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma compared to pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin’s tumor (p < 0.05). Of the clinicopathologic factors, there was only a significant negative correlation between stromal percentage of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and age and a significant difference between stromal intensity+percentage of adenoid cystic carcinoma and gender (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAccording to our findings we postulate that stromal syndecan-1 correlates with the behavior of salivary gland tumors, with malignant neoplasms demonstrating a higher expression, indicating a role for syndecan-1 in invasion and metastasis.     

Parotid adenoid cystic carcinoma: Retrospective single institute analysis

Purpose

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a uncommon salivary malignant tumor. Our aim was to review our experience with parotid ACC, to identify clinical-pathological parameters predictive for outcome.

Nerve Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Retrospective Analysis of 63 Patients with Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Aim To detect the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) tissues,as well as to determine the correlation between growth factor expression and prognosis in SACC.Methodology Medical records of 63 patients surgically treated for SACC between January 1988 and October 2005 were reviewed.Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of NGF and VEGF in tumor tissues.Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox's proportional hazard regression model were applied to assess predictors of survival.Results NGF and VEGF were overexpressed in SACC tissues,compared with those in normal salivary tissues (P＜0.05),and the staining intensity of these two factors was stronger in groups of solid subtype,advanced TNM stage,perineural invasion and recurrence.Patients with highexpression of NGF and VEGF,solid subtype,advanced stage,perinenral invasion,recurrence and extended resection alone had worse survival rates (P＜0.05).Conclusion NGF and VEGF are expressed increasingly in the tissues of SACC cases with invasion and metastasis.NGF expression and VEGF expression are independent prognosis factors for survival.     

Sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma with widespread symptomatic bony metastasis

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a fairly uncommon salivary neoplasm of the head and neck. These lesions often progress insidiously, and they have a propensity for early perineural spread and bony invasion. Distant metastasis to the lungs is fairly common and is usually fatal. We report a rare case of adenoid cystic carcinoma in a patient who on initial evaluation had widespread bony metastasis but no pulmonary involvement.     

A massive adenoid cystic carcinoma of nasal septum progressed into the skull base

Background

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant tumor commonly occurring in the major salivary glands. ACC of the nasal septum is exceeding rare.

Methods

The case of a 42-year-old woman with ACC of the nasal septum is presented. Her chief complaint was nasal obstruction and dysosmia for two month. CT and MRI demonstrated a massive mass occupying the nasal septum infiltrating the palate, vomeronasal, anterior skull base, and dura mater. Combined anterior cranial surgery, endoscopic intranasal surgery, and transpalatal surgery were selected due to the size and location of the tumor. A negative surgical margin was achieved without cosmetic deformity or functional disorder.

Results

She had postoperative radiotherapy with no recurrence or distant metastasis during the follow-up period.

Conclusion

The tumor location and the perineural spread pattern should be considered to determine the treatment plan for septum ACC. Post operative radiation is now generally recommended. ACC has a high incidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis rate; therefore, long-term follow-up is necessary.     

晚期鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌12例临床分析

目的总结原发于鼻腔鼻窦的晚期腺样囊性癌(ACC)的临床特征,探讨切缘病检结果以及复发或转移与预后的关系。方法回顾性分析12例晚期鼻腔鼻窦ACC患者的临床资料、治疗方法及预后。其中T3和T4期病变患者各6例,均无局部淋巴结及全身转移。首次治疗均以手术为主,9例联合术后放疗,4例联合化疗,复发及转移的治疗方式各异,仍以再手术为主。结果在20次首发及复发病灶的手术中,切缘阳性率高(75%,15/20),切缘阳性者生存时间最长达32年;随访期间局部复发7例(2例合并远处转移),单纯远处转移1例,局部复发并远处转移患者最长生存达32年。结论晚期鼻腔鼻窦ACC手术切缘阳性率高,局部复发率高,但局部复发或远处转移后仍能带瘤生存较长时间,在行根治性手术以及复发或转移治疗决策时应充分考虑患者的生存质量。     

Treatment-induced changes of lymphocyte subsets in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck is a rare and highly malignant tumor, characterized by perineural growth and early distant...     

Clinicopathologic and prognostic factors in adenoid cystic carcinoma of head and neck minor salivary glands: A clinical analysis of 130 cases

Purpose

This study was to investigate clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors in adenoid cystic carcinoma of head and neck minor salivary glands.

颌下区原发性恶性肿瘤

１９５９～１９８９年我院共收治原发于颌下区的恶性肿瘤６５例，其中腺样囊性癌１８例，恶性混合瘤１６例，腺癌１４例，未分化癌１０例，鳞癌７例。总的３年、５年生存率为６０．０％和４２．９％。颌下腺恶性肿瘤有包膜外侵犯与无包膜外侵犯，二者的３年、５年生存率分别为５９．５％、３０．３％和８３．３％、７２．７％。淋巴结阳性者预后差，与无淋巴结转移相比，其３年、５年生存率为４４．０％、１１．１％和８８．５％、７９．２％。Ｔ分期越大预后越不好。死亡原因主要是局部。颈部复发和肺转移。治疗以手术为主。如果肿瘤局限，无包膜外侵犯可做颌下或区域清扫。病变范围广并有颈淋巴结转移者，则需行区域广泛切除及颈清扫。手术切缘不净、术后复发、分化差或病期晚者，宜综合治疗。     

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: factors related to occult lymph node metastasis

IntroductionElective neck dissection is recommended in cases of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma without lymph node metastasis because of the risk of occult metastasis.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate predictive factors for occult lymph node metastasis in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma treated with elective neck dissection and their impact on overall and disease-free survival.MethodsForty surgically treated patients were retrospectively included.ResultsTen cases (25%) had lymphatic metastasis. Of the studied variables, perineural and angiolymphatic invasion in addition to tumor thickness were statistically associated with lymph node metastasis. Only angiolymphatic invasion was identified as an independent risk factor for occult metastasis in the logistic regression (OR = 39.3; p = 0.002). There was no association between overall and disease-free survival with the presence of occult lymph node metastasis.ConclusionMetastatic disease rate was similar to that found in the literature. Perineural and angiolymphatic invasion and tumor thickness were associated with occult metastasis, but only angiolymphatic invasion showed to be an independent risk factor     

Cyclin D1 expression does not effect cell proliferation in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant tumor of salivary gland origin. It tends to grow slowly, but shows frequent recurrence and metastasis. Cyclin D1, a cell-cycle regulation protein, has been reported to be overexpressed in various types of cancer and to correlate with poor survival of the patients. However, the prognostic significance of cyclin D1 expression in ACC of the salivary glands has not yet been determined. To evaluate the role of cyclin D1 in the biological regulation of ACC, we constitutively expressed an antisense cyclin D1 complementary DNA (cDNA) in an established ACC cell line that exhibits high endogenous expression of cyclin D1. The effect of cyclin D1 expression on in vitro cell growth and cell cycle were examined. In addition, we also examined the immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 protein in 31 cases of ACC of the salivary gland and correlated its expression with proliferative activity or prognosis. There were no significant differences of the in vitro growth and in the percentage of the total cell population in the G1 phase and S phase between antisense cyclin D1 clones and control clones. Thirty-two percent of tumors derived from surgical specimens examined were immunohistochemically positive for cyclin D1 protein. No association was found between cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation or the clinical outcome of the patients. It is concluded that cyclin D1 overexpression alone does not induce a marked increase in the proliferative activity of ACC cells and that expression of this protein is not linked to poor prognosis in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland.     

Salivary duct carcinoma of submandibular gland with trigeminal nerve invasion to intracranium

Salivary duct carcinoma is a rare and invasive malignant tumour with rapid distant metastasis and dismal prognosis. Clinically, perineural invasion of the salivary duct carcinoma is commonly noted. Here, we present a case of salivary duct carcinoma of submandibular gland origin with perineural invasion of the trigeminal nerve proximal to the intracranium, that was well demonstrated by a magnetic resonance image (MRI) and was consistent with the clinical presentation. This case received radical resection and radiotherapy with inclusion of the skull base within the field. There was no tumour recurrence and distant metastasis 24 months post-operatively.     

外耳道腺样囊性癌的远处转移及预后分析

目的 探讨外耳道腺样囊性癌远处转移的相关危险因素及其对预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析22例江苏省人民医院2007年6月至2019年3月行原发灶根治手术且病理确诊为外耳道腺样囊性癌患者的临床和随访信息,单因素及多因素回归分析远处转移的危险因素及其对预后的影响.结果 患者远处转移率为40.9％,其中肺转移发生率最高,达66....     

鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌40例临床分析

目的 总结鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌的临床特点及治疗方法,对其预后及影响因素进行分析.方法 回顾性分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院1994-2003年40例鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌患者临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法和Log-rank检验分析其生存率、复发及远处转移特点.结果 鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌原发于上颌窦者最多见,占80%.全部患者5年及10年生存率分别为76.9%和61.6%;5年和10年的无瘤生存率分别为44.2%和23.0%.5年复发率及远处转移率分别为45.0%和23.0%.肺转移是远处转移的主要方式,远处转移的出现和生存率下降密切相关(χ2=7.26,P=0.007).术前放疗患者远处转移发生率(18.2%)低于术后放疗者(38.9%),但差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.37,P=0.24).对复发患者采取以手术治疗为主的综合治疗,复发后5年生存率为60.0%.结论 远处转移可能是影响患者预后的重要因素;手术+放疗的综合治疗是治疗腺样囊性癌的主要治疗方式,放疗在鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌的治疗中有重要作用;积极采取以手术为主的综合治疗方式,可有效延长复发患者的生存期,提高生存率.     

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. Controllable and uncontrollable factors in treatment and prognosis

Histological re-examination of 64 adenoid cystic carcinomata showed that 15 of them were different tumours, mainly adenocarcinomata. The remaining 40 adenoid cystic carcinomata were solid in 6 cases, cribriform in 24 cases and tubular in 14 cases. No precise classification was possible in 5 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Uncontrollable factors important for the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinomata included the histological type and the site of the tumour: major salivary glands (28 cases), area of paranasal sinuses (11 cases) and minor salivary glands (10 cases). Adenoid cystic carcinomata of tubular type or situated in minor salivary glands had a relatively favourable prognosis related to survival rate, 'state of health' and tendency to recurrence. Controllable factors exerted a favourable influence on the commonly poor prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinomata. They included an early diagnosis and, because of the tendency to recurrence, radical surgery and radiotherapy. The poor long-term prognosis of this tumour was due to a tendency to local recurrence (80% of cases) and mainly haematogenous metastasis (37% of cases). Lymphogenous metastasis was less frequent (6% of cases).