乌孜别克成人皮褶厚度的年龄变化

目的：探讨乌孜别克族体脂发育水平。方法：测量乌孜别克成人6项皮脂厚度值，并探讨了皮褶厚度随年龄而变化的特征。结果：(1)躯干皮下脂肪厚于面颊与四肢；(2)男性躯干皮褶厚度随年龄增长而明显增长，四肢皮褶厚度随年龄增长而缓慢增长，女性皮褶厚度增长到最大值后，随年龄增加而下降；(3)随年龄增长，男女皮下脂肪发育的差异越来越反映在躯干部位。结论：在我国民族中，乌孜别克族女性皮下脂肪比较发达。     

辽宁清原满族成人皮下脂肪的发育

目的:探讨辽宁省清原县满族成人体脂发育水平及年龄变化特征.方法:对390名(男192名,女198名)满族成人的6项皮褶厚度(面颊、二头肌、三头肌、肩胛下、髂前上棘、腓肠肌皮褶厚度)及体脂发育情况进行了调查研究.结果:男、女性皮褶厚度值分别在4.01～16.05mm之间和 8.15～28.96mm之间,满族成人躯干部皮下脂肪发育优于四肢,以背部皮下脂肪最厚;随年龄的增长,男性6项皮褶厚度变化不大,女性20岁组最小(腓肠肌皮褶仅次于60岁组),30岁组最大(髂前上棘皮褶40岁组最大),达到高峰后呈不同程度的下降;男、女同年龄组比较,女性皮褶厚度值和体脂百分含量均高于男性,性别间差异有统计学意义.结论:与我国部分人群皮褶厚度比较,辽宁省清原县满族成人皮下脂肪比较发达,体脂百分含量较高,身体偏胖.     

百色市壮族幼儿皮褶厚度及其年龄变化

目的:探讨壮族幼儿体脂发育水平和年龄变化.方法:测量壮族幼儿的肱三头肌皮褶、肩胛下皮褶、髂前上棘皮褶、腓肠肌皮褶4项皮褶厚度值,分析壮族幼儿皮褶厚度随年龄变化的特征.结果:男、女性幼儿四肢皮下脂肪厚于躯干;女性幼儿4项皮褶厚度值高于男性幼儿;男、女性幼儿3～岁皮下脂肪最厚,除男性髂前上棘、腓肠肌皮褶随年龄增长而下降外,各部皮褶厚度随年龄增长而下降至5～岁达最低,～岁逐渐增加;男、女性幼儿4项皮褶厚度值呈正相关;壮族幼儿皮褶厚度与年龄变化特征和新疆哈萨克族不同;壮族幼儿皮下脂肪发育逊于新疆哈萨克族、济宁市城镇和兰州市区幼儿.结论:壮族幼儿皮下脂肪发育存在性别、年龄和民族差异.     

山西汉族成人皮褶厚度特点

目的 探讨山西汉族成人皮褶厚度状况。方法 采用随机取样方法,在山西祁县调查了803例(城市男性150例,城市女性153例;乡村男性251例,乡村女性249例)山西汉族成人的6项皮褶（面颊、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、肩胛下、髂前上棘、小腿内侧皮褶）厚度值,分析了山西汉族成人皮褶厚度值随年龄变化的特点。结果 女性各项皮褶厚度值均比男性高,差异具有统计学意义。城市男性皮褶厚度值高于乡村男性,城乡男性差异具有统计学意义。6项皮褶厚度值随年龄增长而变化。相关分析显示,随年龄增长,山西汉族面颊皮下脂肪逐渐增厚,小腿皮下脂肪逐渐变薄。此外女性背部的皮下脂肪亦逐渐变厚。结论 山西汉族皮褶发育具有北亚类型族群特点。     

海南临高人的皮褶厚度

目的:研究临高人的皮下脂肪发育状况。方法:采用人体测量法,在海南临高县随机测量了417例(男211例,女206例)临高人的7项皮褶厚度值。结果:临高人四肢皮褶厚度薄于躯干皮褶厚度;随年龄增长,除女性面颊皮褶、髂前上棘皮褶在年龄组间差异具有统计学意义外,女性其余5项皮褶及男性7项皮褶在年龄组间差异均无统计学意义。临高男性7项皮褶厚度与年龄无相关性,而女性面部和躯干皮褶厚度值均与年龄呈正相关。聚类结果显示,临高人男、女性均与湖南汉族最接近。结论:临高人躯干和四肢的皮下脂肪发育在15个族群中处于中等水平,低于多数北方族群,但高于南方族群。     

鄂温克族皮褶厚度及其年龄变化*

目的：研究鄂温克族成人皮褶厚度值的年龄变化特点以及与中国其他族群之间的差异。方法： 采用随机取 样方法,在内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原调查了195 例（ 男性129 例,女性66 例）鄂温克族人的6 项皮褶厚度（ 面颊、肱 二头肌、肱三头肌、肩胛下、髂前上棘、小腿内侧皮褶厚度）厚度值,分析了鄂温克族人成人皮褶厚度值随年龄 变化的特点。结果：鄂温克族男性肩胛下皮褶最厚,以肱二头肌皮褶最为菲薄。女性则是髂前上嵴皮褶、肱三头 肌皮褶最厚,肱二头肌皮褶最为菲薄。男性、女性躯干部的皮下脂肪厚度均高于四肢。女性6 项皮褶厚度值均大 于男性。男性肩胛下皮褶值随年龄增长,明显的线性上升,其余5 项皮褶厚度均与年龄不相关。女性面颊、肩胛下、 髂前上嵴、小腿内测皮褶与年龄呈正相关。男性除髂前上嵴皮褶厚度值的年龄组间差异具有统计学意义。女性6 项皮褶厚度值的年龄组间差异均具有统计学意义。结论：鄂温克族男性、女性6 项皮褶厚度值大于中国南方少数 民族,也大于北方少数民族,与一些汉族族群较接近。     

广西苗族学生皮褶厚度的研究

目的探讨广西苗族学生皮下脂肪发育规律。方法调查了8～16岁苗族中小学生814人(男454,女360)的身高、体重、上臂围、小腿围和肱三头肌位、肩胛下角位和髂前上棘位皮褶厚度。结果身高、体重、上臂围、小腿围均随年龄增大而增大。皮褶厚度除男肱三头肌位为15～16组最小外,其余部位男女均是8,9～组最小;男11～组和女15～16组的肱三头肌位、男15～16组和女14～组的肩胛下角位、髂前上棘位、小腿腓位皮褶厚度最大。统计学分析显示性别差异有显著性。结论8～16岁学生皮褶厚度女性大于男性,各部皮褶厚度的分布规律既有相似,又有差异;与其他民族比较,体脂百分含量低。     

辽宁农村汉族成人皮褶厚度的年龄变化

目的:了解辽宁农村汉族成人体脂发育水平及其年龄变化.方法:采用《人体测量手册》方法,对辽宁517名农村汉族成人进行体质测量.结果:得到了辽宁农民汉族成人6项皮褶(面颊皮褶、肱二头肌皮褶、肱三头肌皮褶、肩胛下皮褶、髂前上皮褶和腓肠肌皮褶)厚度,作出各项皮褶厚度随年龄的变化曲线.结论:辽宁农村汉族女性躯干部、四肢和面部脂肪...     

汉族湘语族群成人皮褶厚度

目的:研究湘语族群成人皮褶厚度状况.方法:采用随机抽样方法,在湖南双峰县调查了730例(城市男性157例,城市女性163例;乡村男性196例,乡村女性214例)湘语族群成人的6项皮褶(面颊、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、肩胛下、髂前上棘、小腿内侧皮褶)厚度值,分析了湘语族群成人皮褶厚度值随年龄变化的特点.结果:城市男性与城市女性间、乡村男性与乡村女性间6项皮褶厚度值差异具有统计学意义.男性6项皮褶明显薄于女性;城市人皮褶厚度值大于乡村人;城市、乡村男性及乡村女性6项皮褶厚度值多在40～岁组达到最大,城市女性最大值出现的年龄组较为分散.相关分析显示,随年龄增长,湘语族群面颊皮褶、髂前上棘皮褶逐渐变厚,乡村男女性小腿内侧皮褶逐渐变薄.结论:湘语族群男性皮褶厚度具有北亚类型族群特点,女性皮褶厚度虽具有北亚类型族群特点,但却是北亚类型族群中皮褶相对较薄的族群.     

广西成人身体脂肪参数随年龄变化趋势

目的 测量广西成年人群各身体脂肪参数,探讨其脂肪含量分布随年龄及性别变化特点。方法 通过随机抽样方法选取广西籍男性居民1558例,女性居民2132例,将研究对象按10岁为1个年龄组分组,用体成分仪测量并记录各脂肪参数,采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件分析数据。结果 广西女性总脂肪量、各部位总脂肪量、各年龄组皮下及四肢脂肪含量均高于男性,男性各部位脂肪量随着年龄增加呈先上升后下降趋势,在30岁时各脂肪参数达峰值,且此年龄段的超重和肥胖发生率最高,男性在30~40岁时内脏脂肪和躯干脂肪多于女性,表现为向心性肥胖为主。女性总脂肪含量、各年龄组各部位脂肪含量在女性20~50岁时呈快速上升阶段,并在40岁达到高峰,50岁后缓慢下降并逐渐趋于平稳。青年女性主要表现为皮下及四肢脂肪增多为主,在40~50岁后主要表现为向心性肥胖,此年龄组超重和肥胖发生率最高。结论 广西男女人群身体脂肪含量随年龄增长先增加后减少,男性20~30岁和女性20~50岁是身体脂肪含量变化趋势的关键时间点。除了内脏及躯干脂肪含量外,不同年龄组及不同部位脂肪含量均为广西女性人群多于男性人群,广西青壮年男性的内脏和躯干脂肪含量高于女性。     

江苏汉族成人皮褶厚度

目的探讨江苏汉族成人皮褶厚度的特征。方法在江苏淮安调查了311例城市汉族(男157例,女154例)与421例乡村汉族(男213例,女208例)成人的6项皮褶(面颊皮褶、肩胛下皮褶、髂前上棘皮褶、二头肌皮褶、三头肌皮褶、腓肠肌皮褶)厚度值。结果城市女性各皮褶厚度值均比城市男性高,乡村女性与乡村男性相比亦如此;江苏汉族皮褶厚度存在显著性城乡差异;江苏城市汉族6项皮褶厚度值多与年龄呈正相关。结论江苏汉族成人城市男女间、乡村男女间差异极显著。     

The effects of fatness and fat distribution on respiratory functions

BACKGROUND: Inverse relationships between respiratory function and indices of obesity and fat distribution have been reported, but it remains unclear which measure of obesity shows the strongest relationship with lung function. AIM: The study assessed the effect of fatness and fat distribution on respiratory function. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A sample of 423 males and 509 females aged 40-50 years were examined in the Silesian Centre for Preventive Medicine, DOLMED, in Wroc?aw in 1995. The strength of influence of height, body mass index (BMI), wait-to-hip ratio (WHR) and abdominal and subscapular skinfolds upon forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in a 1-s expiration (FEV1) was assessed by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: In males, FVC was strongly positively associated with height and BMI, but negatively associated with subscapular and abdominal skinfolds, WHR, and smoking. FEV1 showed a positive relationship with height, BMI and WHR. In females, both FVC and FEV1 showed significant positive associations with height, negative ones with subscapular skinfold, and no association with either WHR or abdominal skinfold. In males, respiratory function is affected to a similar extent by fat in the abdominal region and by fatness of the chest. In females, fatness of the thorax has the strongest relationship with respiratory function. CONCLUSION: Fatness tends to impair respiratory function in both sexes but these effects show a different pattern in males and females. In males, respiratory functions are significantly, and to a similar extant, affected by fatness in the abdominal region, both subcutaneous and visceral, and by fatness on the chest. In females, it is primarily subcutaneous fat on the upper thorax that affects respiratory functions, while visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fatness play little or no role.     

Gender differences in neonatal subcutaneous fat store in late gestation in relation to maternal weight gain

Objective : To study gender differences in fat store in human newborns and their relation to duration of gestation and maternal weight gain. Methods : The ratios subscapular skinfold thickness/body weight (SST/BW) and tricipital skinfold thickness/body weight (TST/BW) were calculated in a sample of 13 609 premature and term neonates from the maternity hospital of Clamart, Hauts-de-Seine, France. Results : Whereas BW, SST and TST increased with gestational age, SST/BW and TST/BW ratios decreased regularly, in males as in females. This result reflects a progressive reduction of subcutaneous fat store per body weight unit as the duration of gestation increases. Males had smaller values of SST/BW and TST/BW ratios than females whatever the gestational age. Increasing maternal weight gain during the third gestational trimester did not improve the subcutaneous fatness per body weight unit of the newborn. Earlier amount of maternal weight gain had an effect on the TST/BW index exclusively in females. Conclusions : In newborns, a gender difference was observed in the ratio of subcutaneous fat per unit of body weight; this ratio is lower in males than in females. This result argues for a gender difference in mobilization of fat store to ensure normal growth in the last weeks of pregnancy: males lose more fat but gain more weight than females in this period. Late maternal weight gain does not affect the proportion of subcutaneous fatness by body weight unit in both genders.     

The effects of fatness and fat distribution on respiratory functions

Background: Inverse relationships between respiratory function and indices of obesity and fat distribution have been reported, but it remains unclear which measure of obesity shows the strongest relationship with lung function.

Aim: The study assessed the effect of fatness and fat distribution on respiratory function.

Subjects and methods: A sample of 423 males and 509 females aged 40–50 years were examined in the Silesian Centre for Preventive Medicine, DOLMED, in Wroc?aw in 1995. The strength of influence of height, body mass index (BMI), wait-to-hip ratio (WHR) and abdominal and subscapular skinfolds upon forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in a 1-s expiration (FEV₁) was assessed by multiple regression analysis.

Results: In males, FVC was strongly positively associated with height and BMI, but negatively associated with subscapular and abdominal skinfolds, WHR, and smoking. FEV₁ showed a positive relationship with height, BMI and WHR. In females, both FVC and FEV₁ showed significant positive associations with height, negative ones with subscapular skinfold, and no association with either WHR or abdominal skinfold. In males, respiratory function is affected to a similar extent by fat in the abdominal region and by fatness of the chest. In females, fatness of the thorax has the strongest relationship with respiratory function.

Conclusion: Fatness tends to impair respiratory function in both sexes but these effects show a different pattern in males and females. In males, respiratory functions are significantly, and to a similar extant, affected by fatness in the abdominal region, both subcutaneous and visceral, and by fatness on the chest. In females, it is primarily subcutaneous fat on the upper thorax that affects respiratory functions, while visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fatness play little or no role.     

Gender differences in neonatal subcutaneous fat store in late gestation in relation to maternal weight gain

OBJECTIVE: To study gender differences in fat store in human newborns and their relation to duration of gestation and maternal weight gain. METHODS: The ratios subscapular skinfold thickness/body weight (SST/BW) and tricipital skinfold thickness/body weight (TST/BW) were calculated in a sample of 13609 premature and term neonates from the maternity hospital of Clamart, Hauts-de-Seine, France. RESULTS: Whereas BW, SST and TST increased with gestational age, SST/BW and TST/BW ratios decreased regularly, in males as in females. This result reflects a progressive reduction of subcutaneous fat store per body weight unit as the duration of gestation increases. Males had smaller values of SST/BW and TST/BW ratios than females whatever the gestational age. Increasing maternal weight gain during the third gestational trimester did not improve the subcutaneous fatness per body weight unit of the newborn. Earlier amount of maternal weight gain had an effect on the TST/BW index exclusively in females. CONCLUSIONS: In newborns, a gender difference was observed in the ratio of subcutaneous fat per unit of body weight; this ratio is lower in males than in females. This result argues for a gender difference in mobilization of fat store to ensure normal growth in the last weeks of pregnancy: males lose more fat but gain more weight than females in this period. Late maternal weight gain does not affect the proportion of subcutaneous fatness by body weight unit in both genders.     

维吾尔族和蒙古族青年皮下脂肪发育的比较研究

目的　测量维吾尔族和蒙古族青年皮下脂肪发育情况 ,为营养学、医学、人类学、体育锻炼、运动员选材提供依据。方法　采用邵象清的《人体测量手册》的方法 ,用改良皮下脂肪测量计对新疆维吾尔族青年 2 2 7例 (男 97人 ,女 13 0人 )和蒙古族青年 2 0 4名 (男 96,女 10 8)进行皮下脂肪发育的研究 ,对 4项皮褶厚度 (三头肌位、肩胛下位、髂前上棘位、腓肠肌位 )及体质发育情况进行了调查。结果　得出了新疆维吾尔族青年 4项皮褶厚度及体质发育各项均值及脂肪含量等。结论　新疆维吾尔族青年及蒙古族青年皮脂厚度中等 ,维吾尔族青年各项指标大于蒙古族青年 ,按胖瘦标准评定属中等、体脂中等     

Androgyny in fat patterning is associated with obesity in adolescents and young adults

Recent work suggests that android or male-type obesity is characterized by fat cell enlargement on the trunk and upper body. This implies adult differences in patterns of body fat distribution may have developmental origins connected with differences in maturation or age of onset of obesity. To investigate this, we studied adolescent females (N = 455, 12 years), males (N = 527, 14 years) and young adults (N = 393 females and N = 413 males, 17 years) of the US Health Examination Survey. Five skinfolds and five maturity indicators were available. Individuals were classed as normal weight, overweight or obese on the basis of the body mass index (WT/HT2). Fat patterning was studied by principal components analysis of the log residual skinfold thickness at the five sites, which revealed trunk/extremity and upper/lower trunk fat distribution components in all sex/age groups studied. The means of both components were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in obese than in normal weight individuals indicating that obesity in adolescence and young adulthood consists of fat concentrated on the upper aspect of the trunk. The effect was independent of maturity, which was a significant correlate of the trunk/extremity patterning component only and in males only. Advanced physiological maturity is probably not a determinant of adult patterns of body fat distribution, but obesity which occurs in adolescence may be.     

中国城市汉族人身高、体质量与纬度的关系

目的:研究中国城市汉族人的身高、体质量与纬度的相关性。方法:根据随机采样原则,按照《人体测量方法》的规定,2009年~2013年在中国22个省共31个地区测量了10 451例城市汉族人的身高、体质量等20项指标值,并计算了7项指数和体脂率。结果:随纬度增加,男性、女性的头部、面部、躯干、下肢的高度值均增大,共同导致身高与纬度呈正相关。下肢全长增加的速度均超过身高增加的速度,北方汉族人的下肢占身高的比例大于南方汉族。随纬度增加,汉族城市人身体脂肪逐渐增多,胸腔、腹腔内脏器官和脂肪的体积增加、躯干宽度增大、躯干骨骼增重、臀部肌肉及脂肪增多;女性上臂、背部、腹部、小腿的皮下脂肪厚度呈线性增加,男性背部皮下脂肪厚度随纬度增加而呈线性增厚,男性大腿骨骼、女性上臂骨骼变得粗大,女性上臂肌肉逐渐发达,这些变化共同导致了体质量与纬度呈正相关。结论:汉族城市成年男性、女性的身高、体质量均与纬度呈正相关。